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| 323690354 | William Shakespeare | The most famous European writer. | 0 | |
| 323690355 | Sir Thomas More | Wrote Utopia,which described an ideal society, in which everyone shared the wealth, and everyone's needs were met. | 1 | |
| 323690356 | Erasmus | One of the most well known learned men of the time, counseled kings and popes. | 2 | |
| 324618163 | Machiavelli | Published THe Prince, a how-to book for monarchs who wanted to maintain their power. | 3 | |
| 324618164 | Martin Luther | Supposedly nailed a list of 95 these on a church door- a list that was distributed quickly and widely by aid of new-fangled printing press. | 4 | |
| 324618165 | Jesuits | Practiced self-control and moderation, beliving that prayer and good works led to salvation. | 5 | |
| 324618166 | Kepler | Developed laws of planetary motion based on observation and mathematics. | 6 | |
| 324618167 | The Enlightenment | The seventeenth and eighteenth centuries focused on the role of mankind in relation to government, ideas which greatly influenced the framers of the U.S. constitution. | 7 | |
| 324618168 | Montesquieu | Argued for separtation of powers among branches of government. | 8 | |
| 324618169 | Voltaire | Espoused the idea of religious toleration. | 9 | |
| 324618170 | Enlightened Monarchs | Such as Joseph II of Austria and Fredrick II of Prussia. | 10 | |
| 324618171 | Vasco da Gama | rounded the Cape of Good Hope, explored the east Africaan kingdoms, and then went all the way to India, where he established trade relations. | 11 | |
| 324618172 | Amerigo Vespucci | He explored South America on several trips around 1500; realized that the continent was huge and not part of Asia; America was named for him. | 12 | |
| 324618173 | Ponce de Leon | In 1513, he explored Florida for Spain in search of the fountain of youth. | 13 | |
| 324618174 | Vasco de Balboa | In 1513, he explored much of Central America for Spain; laid sight on the Pacific Ocean. | 14 | |
| 324618175 | Ferdinand Magellan | In 1519, he saild around the tip of South America to the Pacific Ocean for Portugla. He made it as far as the Philippines, where he died; his crew continued, however, and became the fist to circumnavigate the globe. | 15 | |
| 324618176 | Giovanni da Verrazano | In 1524, he explored the North American coast for France. | 16 | |
| 324618177 | Sir Francis Drake | In 1578, he became the first Enlishman to circumnavigate the globe. | 17 | |
| 324618178 | John Caabot | In 1567, he explored the coast of North America for Enlgand. | 18 | |
| 324618179 | Henry Hudson | In 1609, he sailded for the Dutch looking for a northwest passqage to Asia; ecplored the Hudson River and made claims to the area for the Dutch. | 19 |
