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| 2915637027 | The over-arching theme of chapter 9 is that the new nation started out of fear of a strong government. And then, out of necessity, strengthened the government. | The over-arching theme of chapter 9 is that the new nation started out of fear of a strong government. And then, out of necessity, strengthened the government. | 0 | |
| 2915643250 | the Articles of Confederation | THIS first government set up after the American Revolution, was structured out of fear of a too-strong government. Therefore, the Articles were very weak on purpose. | 1 | |
| 2915652049 | commerce | Two things showed the Articles as being too weak to the point of being sterile: (a) it could not regulate THIS and the money situation was growing dim fast and |  | 2 |
| 2915675399 | Shay's Rebellion | (2) THIS frightened many to the possibility that mobs might just take over and the government might be too weak to stop them. Due to these reasons, the Constitutional Convention was held. |  | 3 |
| 2915683028 | Separation of powers | The Constitution was written as something of a balancing act between strengthening the government, yet making sure it doesn't get too strong to take over. The resulting government was indeed stronger, but also a THIS was put into place to ensure no one branch becomes like the king had been. | 4 | |
| 2915705768 | Bill of Rights | After some negotiating, mostly with the promise of THIS, the Constitution was ratified. |  | 5 |
| 2915719707 | II. Chapter 9 Summary | II. Chapter 9 Summary | 6 | |
| 2904521479 | evolution | The American Revolution has been revered by many as a kind of an accelerated THIS rather than a Revolution. |  | 7 |
| 2904604680 | the Society of the Cincinnati | Continental army officers attempting to form THIS were ridiculed by strong Democratic opposition for their lordly pretensions. |  | 8 |
| 2904532001 | Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom | Many churches became disestablished as the separation of church and state became fierce. Thomas Jefferson won a complete victory in Virginia with the passage of THIS against established churches. |  | 9 |
| 2904541388 | Philadelphia Quakers | Egalitarian sentiments challenged the institution of slavery in 1775 and THEY founded the world's first antislavery society. |  | 10 |
| 2904553401 | northern | Several of THESE states went even further and either abolished slavery or provided for gradual emancipation. |  | 11 |
| 2904567804 | civic virtue | Women's right were still far off to the future, however, THIS term recognizes that women were an equal asset to society in that they contributed to society by raising children. |  | 12 |
| 2904570550 | "republican motherhood" | THIS concept of women's contribution through civic virtue took root. |  | 13 |
| 2904581776 | Massachusetts: These contracts defined the role of government (unlike England) | As the colonies moved to draft new constitutions, THIS colony was unique in that it turned its draft over to the people for a vote to ratify. Theirs is the longest lasting constitution in the world. | 14 | |
| 2904591235 | seaports | As a result of the Revolution, many state capitals were relocated westward to get them away from THESE haughty eastern influences. | 15 | |
| 2904616434 | economic political | It was highly significant to the course of future events that THIS type of democracy preceded THIS type of democracy. | 16 | |
| 2904639467 | the Articles of Confederation | The Second Continental Congress had no constitutional authority. Shortly after declaring independence in 1776, they began drafting THIS. |  | 17 |
| 2904643231 | 1781: less than 8 months before Yorktown | The Articles were initially sent to the French after Saratoga to get their support. It was not ratified by all 13 states until THIS year. | | 18 |
| 2904654549 | Western territories | The major hang up in the ratification of the Articles was over THIS. |  | 19 |
| 2904661294 | taxes | One of the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation was that it was unable to collect THESE. | 20 | |
| 2904669782 | executive branch also judicial branch left to the states | The Articles of Confederation did not have THIS branch of the government due to bad taste from King George III. | 21 | |
| 2904674217 | 9 | Another problem was that every state had one vote and required THIS number of states out of the 13 for ratifications. | 22 | |
| 2904676782 | 13 | Any amendment to the articles themselves required THIS number of states out of 13. | 23 | |
| 2904683613 | weak | Congress was designed to be THIS by the suspicious states which just gained control over taxation and commerce from Britain. The government got no revenue in this way. | 24 | |
| 2904696154 | Old Northwest | The lands to the northwest of the Ohio River, east of the Mississippi, and south of the Great Lakes were called THIS. | 25 | |
| 2904700134 | Land Ordinance 1785 | THIS would see that these lands were divided into townships 6 miles square, split into 36 sections 1 square mile each. |  | 26 |
| 2904706689 | Northwest Ordinance 1787 | THIS would establish statehood based on population of 36,ooo forbade slavery, preventing another future war. |  | 27 |
| 2904726125 | Mississippi | British presence along the northern frontier and Spanish control of the mouth of THIS cut off effective American control of 1/2 of their land. | 28 | |
| 2904734840 | Pirates of the North African States including Day of Algiers | America enjoyed protection from THESE pirates when they were British subjects, but now they were being ravaged. |  | 29 |
| 2904739662 | Shays Rebellion | Disagreement among states, growing individuality, and no respect for the federal government grew larger. THIS uprising in 1786 in Western Massachusetts flared up over foreclosures and taxes. | | 30 |
| 2904755221 | "mobocracy" | There was a fear among the wealthy elite that THIS was growing beyond control. |  | 31 |
| 2904767861 | Alexander Hamilton | So the debate over states rights vs. the strength of the central government. The first attempt to meet to amend the Articles failed as only 5 delegates showed up. THIS charismatic New Yorker called for a convention to meet next year. |  | 32 |
| 2904771609 | Philadelphia | They would meet HERE to amend the Articles of Confederation. Every state sent a representative except independent minded Rhode Island. |  | 33 |
| 2904773735 | Benjamin Franklin | Extreme secrecy was important at 81 HE was escorted to dinner to prevent him from gabbing. |  | 34 |
| 2904787156 | James Madison | At 36 HE made such profound contributions that he has been dubbed "The Father of the Constitution." |  | 35 |
| 2904791721 | Alexander Hamilton | THIS 32 year old delivered a 5 hour speech advocating a strong central government. (future national bank) |  | 36 |
| 2904797499 | Europe | Most of the fiery Revolutionary leaders were absent though like Jefferson, John Adams, and Paine were HERE for discussions. |  | 37 |
| 2904803466 | a rat | Hancock and Samuel Adams were not reelected in Massachusetts and Patrick Henry declined to serve because he said he smelled THIS. |  | 38 |
| 2904812703 | Democracy | These delegates were conservative slave owners and experienced statesmen. They were very nationalistic and more concerned with preserving the Republic than strengthening THIS. | 39 | |
| 2904823954 | fear occupied the 56th chair | Protecting Republicanism meant the Piratical Dey of Algiers, the liberal Lord Sheffield's mercantilism and tariff talk, and Daniel Shays proved to be invisible "founding Fathers" because they struck THIS into the Philadelphia delegates. | 40 | |
| 2904827627 | the Virginia Plan | THIS "large-state plan" wanted representation to be based on population. |  | 41 |
| 2904829190 | the New Jersey Plan | THIS "small state plan" of equal representation where each state would get one vote regardless of size. |  | 42 |
| 2904834178 | the Great Compromise | THIS decided on two houses one based on population and the other equal representation. |  | 43 |
| 2904838420 | Separation of Powers | THIS was established to prevent any one branch of government from becoming too powerful. |  | 44 |
| 2904840816 | the Electoral College: In this way if there was no majority then the small states would have a chance as the president would be decided by the House. (Each state would get one vote) Only happened in 1800 and 1824 | THIS would decide the president indirectly. |  | 45 |
| 2904847727 | 3/5 Compromise | Now the slave issue had to be decided. How would slaves be decided? | 46 | |
| 2904854050 | judges for life President Electoral College Congress by state legislators | To ensure separation of powers Judges served for ? President elected by ? Congress chosen by ? | 47 | |
| 2904862538 | 9 | 42/45 remained to sign 17 weeks later. 3/42 refused to sign and left and surely THIS state would veto it they decided ratification would require THIS number of the 13. | 48 | |
| 2904865622 | Federalists Alexander Hamilton James Madison John Jay | THEY supported the new Constitution and promoted passage. | 49 | |
| 2904887691 | The Federalists | Designed as propaganda, THESE papers supported the Constitution for a strong central government. | 50 | |
| 2904866041 | Bill of Rights | The Anti-Federalists like Samuel Adams, Patrick Henry, and Richard Henry Lee opposed the new Constitution until THIS was added. |  | 51 |
| 2904881267 | Congress | Antifederalists believed that the sovereignty of the people resided innTHIS branch of government. | 52 | |
| 2904899335 | all of them Executive - Legislative - Judicial | The Federalists believed that the sovereignty of the people resided in THIS branch of the government. | 53 | |
| 2915846714 | III. MATCHING! | III. MATCHING! | 54 | |
| 2915878558 | antifederalists | Group that failed to block the central government they feared but did force the promise of a Bill of Rights. |  | 55 |
| 2915890753 | James Madison | Father of the Constitution and author of Federalist no. 10 |  | 56 |
| 2915897127 | Society of the Cincinnati | An exclusive order of military officers that aroused strong Democratic opposition |  | 57 |
| 2915921661 | federalists | Wealthy conservatives devoted to republicanism who engineered a nonviolent political transformation | 58 | |
| 2915941771 | Virginian Statute for Religious Freedom | Legislation passed by an alliance of Jefferson and the Baptists that disestablished the Anglican Church |  | 59 |
| 2915956245 | Daniel Shays | Revolutionary War veteran who led poor farmers in a revolt that failed but had far-reaching consequences | | 60 |
| 2915980411 | Benjamin Franklin | Elder statesman who lent his prestige to the Constitutional Convention and promoted the "Great Compromise" |  | 61 |
| 2915989748 | New York | The only state to allow a direct vote on the Constitution | 62 | |
| 2916003467 | John Jay | Frustrated foreign affairs secretary under the Articles; one of the three authors of the Federalist |  | 63 |
| 2916016803 | Northwest Ordinance 1787 | Legislation that provided for the orderly transformation of western territories into states |  | 64 |
| 2916031807 | Massachusetts | First of key states where Federalists won by a narrow margin over the opposition of antifederalist Sam Adams |  | 65 |
| 2916052772 | Patrick Henry | Virginia antifederalist leader who thought the Constitution spelled the end of liberty and equality |  | 66 |
| 2916069292 | George Washington | Unanimously elected chairman of the secret convention of "demi-gods" | 67 | |
| 2916081807 | Alexander Hamilton | Young New Yorker who argued eloquently for the Constitution even though he favored an even stronger central government | | 68 |
| 2916089785 | Articles of Confederation | Document of 1781 that was put out of business by the Constitution | | 69 |
| 2916099146 | IV. Identification | IV. Identification | 70 | |
| 2916110540 | Protestant Episcopal Church | New name for the Anglican Church after it was disestablished and de-Anglicinized |  | 71 |
| 2916130976 | republican motherhood | The idea that American women had a special responsibility to cultivate "civic virtue" in their children | 72 | |
| 2916147522 | Constitutional Convention | A type of special assembly, originally developed in Massachusetts, for drawing up a fundamental law that would be superior to ordinary law |  | 73 |
| 2916157250 | Articles of Confederation | The first Constitutional government of the United States | | 74 |
| 2916166317 | Old Northwest | The territory north of the Ohio and east of the Mississippi governed by the acts of 1785 and 1787 | 75 | |
| 2916183916 | sections | In the new territories, 6 mile by 6 mile square areas consisting of 36 sections, one of which was set aside for public schools | 76 | |
| 2916200898 | territory | The status of a western area under the Northwest Ordinance after it established an organized government but before it became a state |  | 77 |
| 2948758519 | Protestant Episcopal Church | New name of the Anglican Church after it was disestablished and de-Anglicized in Virginia and elsewhere. | | 78 |
| 2948764639 | republican motherhood | The idea that American women had a special responsibility to cultivate "civic virtue" in their children. |  | 79 |
| 2948770366 | Constitutional Convention | A type of special assembly, originally developed in Massachusetts, for drawing up a fundamental law that would be superior to ordinary law | | 80 |
| 2948772402 | Articles of Confederation | The first Constitutional government of the United States | | 81 |
| 2948781201 | Old Northwest | The territory north of the Ohio and east of the Mississippi governed by the acts of 1785 and 1787 | 82 | |
| 2948789171 | sections = Land Ordinance of 1785 | In the new territories, 6 mile by 6 mile square areas consisting of 36 sections, one of which was set aside for public schools |  | 83 |
| 2948795352 | territory | The status of a western area under the Northwest Ordinance after it established an organized government but before it became a state |  | 84 |
| 2948798790 | Shay's Rebellion | A failed revolt in 1786 by poor farmers that raised fears of "mobocracy" | | 85 |
| 2948812819 | large-state plan | The plan proposed by Virginia at the Constitutional Convention for a bicameral legislature with representation based on population |  | 86 |
| 2948818158 | small-state plan | The plan proposed by New Jersey for a unicameral legislature with equal representation of states regardless of size and population |  | 87 |
| 2949875063 | 3/5 Compromise | The compromise between North and South that resulted in each slave being counted as 60% of a free person for purposes of representation |  | 88 |
| 2949891780 | anti-federalists | The opponents of the Constitution who argued against creating such a strong central government |  | 89 |
| 2949915972 | The Federalist | A masterly series of pro-Constitution articles printed in New York by Jay, Madison, and Hamilton. |  | 90 |
| 2949942268 | president | The official (not person) under the new Constitution who would be commander-in-chief of the armed forces, appoint judges and other officials, and have the power to veto legislation | 91 | |
| 2949957512 | Bill of Rights | A list of guarantees that federalists promised to add to the Constitution in order to win ratification |  | 92 |
| 2949974433 | anti-federalists | Group that failed to block the central government they feared but did force the promise of a Bill of Rights |  | 93 |
| 2949992350 | James Madison | Father of the Constitution and author of Federalist No. 10 |  | 94 |
| 2950001927 | Society of Cincinnati | An exclusive order of military officers that aroused strong democratic opposition |  | 95 |
| 2950023671 | federalists | Wealthy conservatives devoted to republicanism who engineered a nonviolent political transformation | 96 | |
| 2950037801 | Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom | Legislation passed by an alliance of Jefferson and the Baptists that disestablished the Anglican Church |  | 97 |
| 2950059674 | Daniel Shays | Revolutionary War veteran who led poor farmers in a revolt that failed but had far-reaching consequences |  | 98 |
| 2950070497 | Benjamin Franklin | Elder statesman who lent his prestige to the Constitutional Convention and promoted the Great Compromise |  | 99 |
| 2950107138 | New York | The only state to allow a direct vote on the Constitution | 100 | |
| 2950118777 | John Jay | Frustrated foreign affairs secretary under the Articles; one of the three authors of the Federalist | | 101 |
| 2950130141 | Northwest Ordinance 1787 | legislation that provided for the orderly transformation of western territories into states |  | 102 |
| 2950146530 | Massachusetts | First of key states where federalists won by a narrow margin over the opposition of anti-federalist Sam Adams. |  | 103 |
| 2950156840 | Patrick Henry | Virginia anti-federalist leader who thought the Constitution spelled the end of liberty and equality |  | 104 |
| 2950165746 | George Washington | Unanimously elected chairman of the secret convention of "demi-gods" | 105 | |
| 2950176317 | Alexander Hamilton | Young New Yorker who argued eloquently for the Constitution even though he favored an even stronger central government | 106 | |
| 2950198164 | Articles of Confederation | Document of 1781 that was put out of business by the Constitution | 107 | |
| 2904903985 | The End!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! | The End!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! | 108 |
