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Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration Flashcards

Vocabulary terms from Chapter 9 of Prentice Hall Biology. ALSO A HARD CHAPTER! It covers the process of cellular respiration that cells of heterotrophs undergo.

Tip: If you're unlucky enough to have photosynthesis and cellular respiration together on a test (like me), to keep from getting confused, just remember that between NADP+ and NAD+ the "P" stands for "plants" or "photosynthesis", so the NAD+ is with cellular respiration. Also, between NADPH and NADH. Good luck! :)

Terms : Hide Images
1549683358caloriethe amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius1
1549683359glycolysisthe process in which one molecule of glucose is broken in half, producing two molecules of pyruvic acid2
1549683360cellular respirationthe process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen3
1549683361NAD+an electron carrier that accepts a pair of high-energy electrons; similar to NADP+ in photosynthesis4
1549683362NADHthe molecule NAD+ is converted to, holds the electrons until they can be transferred to other molecules; similar to NADPH in photosynthesis Hydrogen carrying molecules produced during glycolysis5
1549683363fermentationthe process that releases energy from food molecules by producing ATP in the absence of oxygen6
1549683364anaerobicnot requiring oxygen; because fermentation does not require oxygen, it is said to be ___7
1549683365alcoholica type of fermentation; pyruvic acid + NADH --> alcohol + CO2 + NAD+ is known as ___ fermentation8
1549683366lactic acida type of fermentation muscle cells undergo; pyruvic acid + NADH --> lactic acid + NAD+ is known as ___ ___ fermentation9
1549683367aerobicrequiring oxygen; the final steps of cellular respiration are ___10
1549683368Krebs cyclethe cycle in which pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy-extracting reactions; aka the citric acid cycle11
1549683369acetyl-CoAthe compound formed when Coenzyme A joins the 2-carbon molecule12
1549683370citric acidthe compound formed when acetyl-CoA adds the 2-carbon acetyl group to a 4-carbon compound13
1549683371FADan electron carrier that is changed to FADH2, similar to NAD+14
1549683372FADH2the compound FAD is converted to, similar to NADH15
1549683373electron transport chainthe ___ ___ ___ uses the high-energy electrons from the Krebs cycle to convert ADP into ATP16
1549683374Glycolysis takes place in thecytoplasm17
1549683375The Krebs cycle and the Electron Transport take place in themitochondria18
1549683376Pyruvic Acida 3 carbon compound19
1549683377Why is the Krebs cycle also known as the citric acid cyclebecause citric acid (a 6 carbon molecule)is the first compound formed in this cycle20
1549683378In the krebs cycle the pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in themitochondrial matrix21
1549683379What cell structure is the site for the electron transport chaininner mitochondrial membrane22
1549683380what substance do the carrier proteins transport across the inner mitochondrial membranehydrogen ions H+23
1549683381What high energy molecules are formed by the electron transport chainATP24
1549683382what atom accepts the hydrogen ion at the end of the electron transport chainoxygen25
1549683383what molecule is formed as a product of oxygen accepting the hydrogen ionwater26
1549683384In cells the energy available in food is used to make an energy--rich compound calledATP27
1549683385The first step in releasing the energy of glucose in the cell is know asglycolysis28
1549683386The process that releases energy from food in the presence of oxygencellular repiration29
1549683387the net gain of energy from glycolysis is2 ATP molecules30
1549683388The Krebs cycle takes place with themitochondrion31
1549683389The electron transport c hain uses the high energy electrons from the Krebs cycle toconvert ADP to ATP32
1549683390A total of 36 molecules of ATP are produced from 1 molecule of glucose as a result ofcellular respiration33
1549683391During heavy exercise the buildup of lactic acid in muscle cells results inoxygen debt34
1549683392In glycolysis, each glucose molecule is broken down intotwo molecules of pyruvic acid.35
1549683393The first set of reactions in cellular respiration isglycolysis.36
1549683394pyruvic acid is broken down into CO2 and H2O.In the Krebs cycle37
1549683395The most important product of the electron transport chain in cellular respiration isATP.38
1549683396In cellular respiration, the final electron acceptor isoxygen.39
1549683397The energy that is released during cellular respiration is stored asATP and NADH.40

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