Vocabulary terms from Chapter 9 of Prentice Hall Biology. ALSO A HARD CHAPTER! It covers the process of cellular respiration that cells of heterotrophs undergo.
Tip: If you're unlucky enough to have photosynthesis and cellular respiration together on a test (like me), to keep from getting confused, just remember that between NADP+ and NAD+ the "P" stands for "plants" or "photosynthesis", so the NAD+ is with cellular respiration. Also, between NADPH and NADH. Good luck! :)
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| 1071671176 | calorie | the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius | 0 | |
| 1071671177 | glycolysis | the process in which one molecule of glucose is broken in half, producing two molecules of pyruvic acid | 1 | |
| 1071671178 | cellular respiration | the process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen | 2 | |
| 1071671179 | NAD+ | an electron carrier that accepts a pair of high-energy electrons; similar to NADP+ in photosynthesis | 3 | |
| 1071671180 | NADH | the molecule NAD+ is converted to, holds the electrons until they can be transferred to other molecules; similar to NADPH in photosynthesis Hydrogen carrying molecules produced during glycolysis | 4 | |
| 1071671181 | fermentation | the process that releases energy from food molecules by producing ATP in the absence of oxygen | 5 | |
| 1071671182 | anaerobic | not requiring oxygen; because fermentation does not require oxygen, it is said to be ___ | 6 | |
| 1071671183 | alcoholic | a type of fermentation; pyruvic acid + NADH --> alcohol + CO2 + NAD+ is known as ___ fermentation | 7 | |
| 1071671184 | lactic acid | a type of fermentation muscle cells undergo; pyruvic acid + NADH --> lactic acid + NAD+ is known as ___ ___ fermentation | 8 | |
| 1071671185 | aerobic | requiring oxygen; the final steps of cellular respiration are ___ | 9 | |
| 1071671186 | Krebs cycle | the cycle in which pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy-extracting reactions; aka the citric acid cycle | 10 | |
| 1071671187 | acetyl-CoA | the compound formed when Coenzyme A joins the 2-carbon molecule | 11 | |
| 1071671188 | citric acid | the compound formed when acetyl-CoA adds the 2-carbon acetyl group to a 4-carbon compound | 12 | |
| 1071671189 | FAD | an electron carrier that is changed to FADH2, similar to NAD+ | 13 | |
| 1071671190 | FADH2 | the compound FAD is converted to, similar to NADH | 14 | |
| 1071671191 | electron transport chain | the ___ ___ ___ uses the high-energy electrons from the Krebs cycle to convert ADP into ATP | 15 | |
| 1071671192 | Glycolysis takes place in the | cytoplasm | 16 | |
| 1071671193 | The Krebs cycle and the Electron Transport take place in the | mitochondria | 17 | |
| 1071671194 | Pyruvic Acid | a 3 carbon compound | 18 | |
| 1071671195 | Why is the Krebs cycle also known as the citric acid cycle | because citric acid (a 6 carbon molecule)is the first compound formed in this cycle | 19 | |
| 1071671196 | In the krebs cycle the pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in the | mitochondrial matrix | 20 | |
| 1071671197 | What cell structure is the site for the electron transport chain | inner mitochondrial membrane | 21 | |
| 1071671198 | what substance do the carrier proteins transport across the inner mitochondrial membrane | hydrogen ions H+ | 22 | |
| 1071671199 | What high energy molecules are formed by the electron transport chain | ATP | 23 | |
| 1071671200 | what atom accepts the hydrogen ion at the end of the electron transport chain | oxygen | 24 | |
| 1071671201 | what molecule is formed as a product of oxygen accepting the hydrogen ion | water | 25 | |
| 1071671202 | In cells the energy available in food is used to make an energy--rich compound called | ATP | 26 | |
| 1071671203 | The first step in releasing the energy of glucose in the cell is know as | glycolysis | 27 | |
| 1071671204 | The process that releases energy from food in the presence of oxygen | cellular repiration | 28 | |
| 1071671205 | the net gain of energy from glycolysis is | 2 ATP molecules | 29 | |
| 1071671206 | The Krebs cycle takes place with the | mitochondrion | 30 | |
| 1071671207 | The electron transport c hain uses the high energy electrons from the Krebs cycle to | convert ADP to ATP | 31 | |
| 1071671208 | A total of 36 molecules of ATP are produced from 1 molecule of glucose as a result of | cellular respiration | 32 | |
| 1071671209 | During heavy exercise the buildup of lactic acid in muscle cells results in | oxygen debt | 33 | |
| 1071671210 | In glycolysis, each glucose molecule is broken down into | two molecules of pyruvic acid. | 34 | |
| 1071671211 | The first set of reactions in cellular respiration is | glycolysis. | 35 | |
| 1071671212 | pyruvic acid is broken down into CO2 and H2O. | In the Krebs cycle | 36 | |
| 1071671213 | The most important product of the electron transport chain in cellular respiration is | ATP. | 37 | |
| 1071671214 | In cellular respiration, the final electron acceptor is | oxygen. | 38 | |
| 1071671215 | The energy that is released during cellular respiration is stored as | ATP and NADH. | 39 |
