Mastering Biology
Terms : Hide Images
| 852307451 | What is the term for metabolic pathways that release stored energy by breaking down complex molecules? | catabolic pathways | |
| 852307452 | The molecule that functions as the reducing agent (electron donor) in a redox or oxidation-reduction reaction | loses electrons and loses energy. | |
| 852307453 | When electrons move closer to a more electronegative atom, what happens? | Energy is released and the more electronegative atom is reduced. | |
| 852307454 | Which of the following statements describes the results of this reaction? C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy | C6H12O6 is oxidized and O2 is reduced. | |
| 852307455 | Which of the following statements describes NAD+? | NAD+ is reduced to NADH during both glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. | |
| 852307456 | Where does glycolysis takes place? | cytosol | |
| 852307457 | The ATP made during glycolysis is generated by | substrate-level phosphorylation. | |
| 852307458 | The oxygen consumed during cellular respiration is involved directly in which process or event? | accepting electrons at the end of the electron transport chain | |
| 852307459 | Which process in eukaryotic cells will proceed normally whether oxygen (O2) is present or absent? | glycolysis | |
| 852307460 | Why are carbohydrates and fats considered high energy foods? | They have a lot of electrons associated with hydrogen. | |
| 852307461 | Substrate-level phosphorylation accounts for approximately what percentage of the ATP formed during glycolysis? | 100%. | |
| 852307462 | In addition to ATP, what are the end products of glycolysis? | NADH and pyruvate | |
| 852307463 | Starting with one molecule of glucose, the "net" products of glycolysis are | 2 NADH, 2 H+, 2 pyruvate, 2 ATP, and 2 H2O. | |
| 852307464 | In glycolysis, for each molecule of glucose oxidized to pyruvate | 2 molecules of ATP are used and 4 molecules of ATP are produced. | |
| 852307465 | A molecule that is phosphorylated | has an increased chemical reactivity; it is primed to do cellular work. | |
| 852307466 | Why is glycolysis described as having an investment phase and a payoff phase? | It uses stored ATP and then forms a net increase in ATP. | |
| 852307467 | In the presence of oxygen, the three-carbon compound pyruvate can be catabolized in the citric acid cycle. First, however, the pyruvate 1) loses a carbon, which is given off as a molecule of CO2, 2) is oxidized to form a two-carbon compound called acetate, and 3) is bonded to coenzyme A. These three steps result in the formation of | acetyl CoA, NADH, H+, and CO2. | |
| 852307468 | During cellular respiration, acetyl CoA accumulates in which location? | mitochondrial matrix | |
| 852307469 | For each molecule of glucose that is metabolized by glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, what is the total number of NADH + FADH2 molecules produced? | 12 | |
| 852307470 | Cellular respiration harvests the most chemical energy from which of the following? | chemiosmotic phosphorylation | |
| 852307471 | Where are the proteins of the electron transport chain located? | mitochondrial inner membrane | |
| 852307472 | In chemiosmotic phosphorylation, what is the most direct source of energy that is used to convert ADP + Pi to ATP? | energy released from movement of protons through ATP synthase | |
| 852307473 | Energy released by the electron transport chain is used to pump H+ ions into which location? | mitochondrial intermembrane space | |
| 852307474 | When hydrogen ions are pumped from the mitochondrial matrix across the inner membrane and into the intermembrane space, the result is the | creation of a proton gradient. | |
| 852307475 | Where is ATP synthase located in the mitochondrion? | inner membrane | |
| 852307476 | It is possible to prepare vesicles from portions of the inner membrane of the mitochondrial components. Which one of the following processes could still be carried on by this isolated inner membrane? | oxidative phosphorylation | |
| 852307477 | Which of the following produces the most ATP when glucose (C6H12O6) is completely oxidized to carbon dioxide (CO2) and water? | oxidative phosphorylation (chemiosmosis) | |
| 852307478 | In liver cells, the inner mitochondrial membranes are about 5 X the area of the outer mitochondrial membranes, and about 17 X that of the cell's plasma membrane. What purpose must this serve? | It increases the surface for oxidative phosphoryation. | |
| 852307479 | Which of the following normally occurs whether or not oxygen (O2) is present? | glycolysis | |
| 852307480 | What is the reducing agent in the following reaction? Pyruvate + NADH + H+ -> Lactate + NAD+ | NADH | |
| 852307481 | The immediate energy source that drives ATP synthesis by ATP synthase during oxidative phosphorylation is | the H+ concentration gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane. | |
| 852307482 | Which metabolic pathway is common to both fermentation and cellular respiration of a glucose molecule? | glycolysis | |
| 852307483 | The final electron acceptor of the electron transport chain that functions in aerobic oxidative phosphorylation is | oxygen | |
| 852307484 | Which term describes the degree to which an element attracts electrons? | Electronegativity | |
| 852307485 | Which terms describe two atoms when they form a bond in which electrons are completely transferred from one atom to the other? | Anion and cation | |
| 852307486 | Which of the following statements is true of the bonds in a water molecule? | Oxygen holds electrons more tightly than hydrogen does, and the net charge is zero | |
| 852307487 | Which of the following statements is not true of most cellular redox reactions? | A hydrogen atom is transferred to the atom that loses an electron. | |
| 852307488 | What kind of bond is formed when lithium and fluorine combine to form lithium fluoride? | Ionic | |
| 852307489 | Gaseous hydrogen burns in the presence of oxygen to form water: 2H2 + O2 → 2H2 O + energy Which molecule is oxidized and what kind of bond is formed? | Hydrogen, polar. | |
| 852307490 | How many NADH are produced by glycolysis? | 2 | |
| 852307491 | In glycolysis, ATP molecules are produced by _____. | substrate-level phosphorylation | |
| 852307492 | Which of these is NOT a product of glycolysis? | FADH2 | |
| 852307493 | In glycolysis, what starts the process of glucose oxidation? | ATP | |
| 852307494 | In glycolysis there is a net gain of _____ ATP. | 2 | |
| 852307495 | Which of these enters the citric acid cycle? | acetyl CoA | |
| 852307496 | In the citric acid cycle, ATP molecules are produced by _____. | substrate-level phosphorylation | |
| 852307497 | Which of these is NOT a product of the citric acid cycle? | acetyl CoA | |
| 852307498 | For each glucose that enters glycolysis, _____ acetyl CoA enter the citric acid cycle. | 2 | |
| 852307499 | For each glucose that enters glycolysis, _____ NADH + H+ are produced by the citric acid cycle. | 6 | |
| 852307500 | In cellular respiration, most ATP molecules are produced by _____. | oxidative phosphorylation | |
| 852307501 | The final electron acceptor of cellular respiration is _____. | oxygen | |
| 852307502 | During electron transport, energy from _____ is used to pump hydrogen ions into the _____. | NADH and FADH2 ... intermembrane space | |
| 852307503 | The proximate (immediate) source of energy for oxidative phosphorylation is _____. | kinetic energy that is released as hydrogen ions diffuse down their concentration gradient |
