Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration Harvesting Chemical Energy
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| 1020477638 | fermentation | A partial degradation of sugars that occurs without the use of oxygen | |
| 1020477639 | aerobic respiration | Respiration that requires oxygen | |
| 1020477640 | cellular respiration | Anaerobic and aerobic respiration | |
| 1020477641 | redox reactions | Oxidation and Reduction reactions | |
| 1020477642 | oxidation | A redox reaction in which electrons are lost from one substance to another (charge is increased) | |
| 1020477643 | reduction | A redox reaction in which electrons are gained from one substance to another (charge is reduced) | |
| 1020477644 | reducing agent | The electron donor in a redox reaction | |
| 1020477645 | oxidizing agent | The electron donor in a redox reaction | |
| 1020477646 | NAD+ | (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) electron carrier involved in glycolysis | |
| 1020477647 | electron transport chain | A sequence of electron carrier molecules (membrane proteins) that shuttle electrons during the redox reactions that release energy used to make ATP. | |
| 1020477648 | Glycolysis | Catabolism of glucose or other monosaccharides to pyruvate and 2 molecules of ATP in the absence of oxygen or 34 molecules of ATP in the presence of oxygen. | |
| 1020477649 | citric acid cycle | A chemical cycle involving eight steps that completes the metabolic breakdown of glucose molecules to carbon dioxide; occurs within the mitochondrion; the second major stage in cellular respiration. | |
| 1020477650 | oxidative phosphorylation | Part of the electron transport chain. A process occurring in the mitochondria that results in the formation of ATP from the flow of electrons across the inner membrane to bind with oxygen. | |
| 1020477651 | substrate-level phosphorylation | A mode of ATP synthesis when an enzyme transfers a phosphate group from a substrate molecule to ADP | |
| 1020477652 | acetyl CoA | Acetyl Coenzyme A, a compound that is synthesized by cells and that plays a major role in metabolism | |
| 1020477653 | ATP Synthase | The enzyme that makes ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate | |
| 1020477654 | chemiosmosis | an energy-coupling mechanism that uses energy stored in the form of an H+ gradient across a membrane to drive cellular work | |
| 1020477655 | proton-motive force | The H+ gradient that results from the electron transport chain | |
| 1020477656 | alcohol fermentation | pyruvate is converted to alcohol and converted to acetaldehyde, then acetaldehyde is reduce by NADH to ethanol, this regenerates the supply of NAD+ | |
| 1020477657 | lactic acid fermentation | pyruvate is reduced directly to NADH to form lactate with no CO2 release | |
| 1020477658 | obligate anaerobes | Organisms that carry out only fermentation or anaerobic respiration | |
| 1020477659 | facultative anaerobes | An organism that makes ATP by aerobic respiration if oxygen is present but that switches to fermentation under anaerobic conditions. | |
| 1020477660 | beta oxidation | A metabolic sequence that breaks down fatty acids down to two-carbon fragments, that enter the citric acid cycle as acetyl CoA | |
| 1020477661 | cytochromes | Electron carriers between the ubiquinone and oxygen |
