Mastering Biology
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| 166724373 | What is the term for metabolic pathways that release stored energy by breaking down complex molecules? | catabolic pathways | 0 | |
| 166724374 | The molecule that functions as the reducing agent (electron donor) in a redox or oxidation-reduction reaction | loses electrons and loses energy. | 1 | |
| 166724375 | When electrons move closer to a more electronegative atom, what happens? | Energy is released and the more electronegative atom is reduced. | 2 | |
| 166724376 | Which of the following statements describes the results of this reaction? C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy | C6H12O6 is oxidized and O2 is reduced. | 3 | |
| 166724377 | Which of the following statements describes NAD+? | NAD+ is reduced to NADH during both glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. | 4 | |
| 166728651 | Where does glycolysis takes place? | cytosol | 5 | |
| 166728652 | The ATP made during glycolysis is generated by | substrate-level phosphorylation. | 6 | |
| 166728653 | The oxygen consumed during cellular respiration is involved directly in which process or event? | accepting electrons at the end of the electron transport chain | 7 | |
| 166728654 | Which process in eukaryotic cells will proceed normally whether oxygen (O2) is present or absent? | glycolysis | 8 | |
| 166728655 | Why are carbohydrates and fats considered high energy foods? | They have a lot of electrons associated with hydrogen. | 9 | |
| 166728656 | Substrate-level phosphorylation accounts for approximately what percentage of the ATP formed during glycolysis? | 100%. | 10 | |
| 166728657 | In addition to ATP, what are the end products of glycolysis? | NADH and pyruvate | 11 | |
| 166728658 | Starting with one molecule of glucose, the "net" products of glycolysis are | 2 NADH, 2 H+, 2 pyruvate, 2 ATP, and 2 H2O. | 12 | |
| 166728659 | In glycolysis, for each molecule of glucose oxidized to pyruvate | 2 molecules of ATP are used and 4 molecules of ATP are produced. | 13 | |
| 166728660 | A molecule that is phosphorylated | has an increased chemical reactivity; it is primed to do cellular work. | 14 | |
| 166728661 | Why is glycolysis described as having an investment phase and a payoff phase? | It uses stored ATP and then forms a net increase in ATP. | 15 | |
| 166728662 | In the presence of oxygen, the three-carbon compound pyruvate can be catabolized in the citric acid cycle. First, however, the pyruvate 1) loses a carbon, which is given off as a molecule of CO2, 2) is oxidized to form a two-carbon compound called acetate, and 3) is bonded to coenzyme A. These three steps result in the formation of | acetyl CoA, NADH, H+, and CO2. | 16 | |
| 166728663 | During cellular respiration, acetyl CoA accumulates in which location? | mitochondrial matrix | 17 | |
| 166728664 | For each molecule of glucose that is metabolized by glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, what is the total number of NADH + FADH2 molecules produced? | 12 | 18 | |
| 166728665 | Cellular respiration harvests the most chemical energy from which of the following? | chemiosmotic phosphorylation | 19 | |
| 166734364 | Where are the proteins of the electron transport chain located? | mitochondrial inner membrane | 20 | |
| 166734365 | In chemiosmotic phosphorylation, what is the most direct source of energy that is used to convert ADP + Pi to ATP? | energy released from movement of protons through ATP synthase | 21 | |
| 166734366 | Energy released by the electron transport chain is used to pump H+ ions into which location? | mitochondrial intermembrane space | 22 | |
| 166734367 | When hydrogen ions are pumped from the mitochondrial matrix across the inner membrane and into the intermembrane space, the result is the | creation of a proton gradient. | 23 | |
| 166734368 | Where is ATP synthase located in the mitochondrion? | inner membrane | 24 | |
| 166734369 | It is possible to prepare vesicles from portions of the inner membrane of the mitochondrial components. Which one of the following processes could still be carried on by this isolated inner membrane? | oxidative phosphorylation | 25 | |
| 166734370 | Which of the following produces the most ATP when glucose (C6H12O6) is completely oxidized to carbon dioxide (CO2) and water? | oxidative phosphorylation (chemiosmosis) | 26 | |
| 166734371 | In liver cells, the inner mitochondrial membranes are about 5 X the area of the outer mitochondrial membranes, and about 17 X that of the cell's plasma membrane. What purpose must this serve? | It increases the surface for oxidative phosphoryation. | 27 | |
| 166734372 | Which of the following normally occurs whether or not oxygen (O2) is present? | glycolysis | 28 | |
| 166734373 | What is the reducing agent in the following reaction? Pyruvate + NADH + H+ -> Lactate + NAD+ | NADH | 29 | |
| 166734374 | The immediate energy source that drives ATP synthesis by ATP synthase during oxidative phosphorylation is | the H+ concentration gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane. | 30 | |
| 166734375 | Which metabolic pathway is common to both fermentation and cellular respiration of a glucose molecule? | glycolysis | 31 | |
| 166734376 | The final electron acceptor of the electron transport chain that functions in aerobic oxidative phosphorylation is | oxygen | 32 | |
| 166741107 | Which term describes the degree to which an element attracts electrons? | Electronegativity | 33 | |
| 166741108 | Which terms describe two atoms when they form a bond in which electrons are completely transferred from one atom to the other? | Anion and cation | 34 | |
| 166741109 | Which of the following statements is true of the bonds in a water molecule? | Oxygen holds electrons more tightly than hydrogen does, and the net charge is zero | 35 | |
| 166741110 | Which of the following statements is not true of most cellular redox reactions? | A hydrogen atom is transferred to the atom that loses an electron. | 36 | |
| 166741111 | What kind of bond is formed when lithium and fluorine combine to form lithium fluoride? | Ionic | 37 | |
| 166741112 | Gaseous hydrogen burns in the presence of oxygen to form water: 2H2 + O2 → 2H2 O + energy Which molecule is oxidized and what kind of bond is formed? | Hydrogen, polar. | 38 | |
| 166741113 | How many NADH are produced by glycolysis? | 2 | 39 | |
| 166741114 | In glycolysis, ATP molecules are produced by _____. | substrate-level phosphorylation | 40 | |
| 166741115 | Which of these is NOT a product of glycolysis? | FADH2 | 41 | |
| 166741116 | In glycolysis, what starts the process of glucose oxidation? | ATP | 42 | |
| 166741117 | In glycolysis there is a net gain of _____ ATP. | 2 | 43 | |
| 166743965 | Which of these enters the citric acid cycle? | acetyl CoA | 44 | |
| 166743966 | In the citric acid cycle, ATP molecules are produced by _____. | substrate-level phosphorylation | 45 | |
| 166743967 | Which of these is NOT a product of the citric acid cycle? | acetyl CoA | 46 | |
| 166743968 | For each glucose that enters glycolysis, _____ acetyl CoA enter the citric acid cycle. | 2 | 47 | |
| 166743969 | For each glucose that enters glycolysis, _____ NADH + H+ are produced by the citric acid cycle. | 6 | 48 | |
| 166743970 | In cellular respiration, most ATP molecules are produced by _____. | oxidative phosphorylation | 49 | |
| 166743971 | The final electron acceptor of cellular respiration is _____. | oxygen | 50 | |
| 166743972 | During electron transport, energy from _____ is used to pump hydrogen ions into the _____. | NADH and FADH2 ... intermembrane space | 51 | |
| 166743973 | The proximate (immediate) source of energy for oxidative phosphorylation is _____. | kinetic energy that is released as hydrogen ions diffuse down their concentration gradient | 52 |
