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| 269647426 | Charlemagne | was King of the Franks from 768-814 and emperor from 800-814. He established the Carolingian Empire, which encompassed all of Gaul and part of Germany and Italy. | 0 | |
| 269647428 | Investiture Controversy | Dispute between the popes and the Holy Roman Emperors over who held ultimate authority over bishops in imperial lands. | 1 | |
| 269647430 | Medieval | Means "middle age", a term used to define Europe between 500 and 1500. The intermediate point between Greco-Roman antiquity and the Renaissance | 2 | |
| 269647431 | Monasticism | Living in a religious community apart from secular society and adhering to chastity, obedience, and poverty rules. Prominent element of medieval Christianity and Buddhism. | 3 | |
| 269647432 | Byzantine Empire | Eastern portion of the Roman Empire from the fourth century onward. Capital city of Constantinople | 4 | |
| 269647433 | Kievan Russia | State established at Kiev in Ukraine in 879 by Scandinavian adventurers asserting authority over a mostly Slavic farming population. | 5 | |
| 269647434 | Schism | A formal split within a religious community | 6 | |
| 269647435 | Manor | A large, self-sufficient landholding in medieval Europe consisting of the lord's residence, out-buildings, peasant village, and surrounding land. | 7 | |
| 269647436 | Horse Collar | Harnessing method that increased the efficiency of horses by shifting the point of traction from the animal's neck to shoulders | 8 | |
| 269647437 | Serf | An agricultural laborer in medieval Europe legally bound to a lord's property and obligated to perform set services for the lord. | 9 | |
| 269647438 | Crusades | Armed pilgrimages to the Holy Land by Christians determined to recover Jerusalem from Muslim rule. Brought an end to western Europe's centuries of intellectual and cultural isolation. | 10 | |
| 269647439 | Fief | Land granted in return for a sworn oath to provide specified military service in medieval Europe | 11 | |
| 269647440 | Pilgrimage | Journey to a sacred shrine by Christians seeking to show their piety, fulfill vows, or gain absolution for sins. | 12 | |
| 269647441 | Vassal | In medieval Europe, a sworn supporter of a king or lord committed to rendering specified military service to that king or lord. | 13 | |
| 269647442 | Papacy | The central administration of the Roman Catholic Church, of which the pope is the head. | 14 | |
| 269647443 | Holy Roman Empire | Loose federation of mostly German states and principalities, headed by an emperor election by the princes. Lasted from 962 to 1806. | 15 |
