Jacksonian America Key Terms
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| 233676140 | Albany Regency | The tightly disciplined state political machine built by Martin Van Buren in New York | |
| 233676141 | Anti-Mason Party | The first third party, The Masons were a super secret society that many upper class people were a part of. When William Morgan was rejected from the Masons he built on the rising suspicion that the Masons were secretly running the country to spread anti-Mason propaganda and eventually form the party. Although this party was unsuccessful it is notable as the first party to hold a national convention. | |
| 233676142 | "Aroostook War" | Maine lumberjacks camped along the Aroostook Rive in Maine in 1839 tried to oust Canadian rivals. Militia were called in from both sides until the Webster Ashburn - Treaty was signed. Took place in disputed territory. | |
| 233676143 | Black Hawk War | Chief Black Hawk of Sauk tribe, led rebellion against US; started in Illinois and spread to Wisconsin Territory; 200 Sauk and Fox ppl murdered; tribes removed to areas west of Mississippi | |
| 233676144 | Caroline Affair | The Caroline was an American steamer carrying supplies across to Canadian insurrgents, British launch an assault, seen as an unlawful invasion of American soil, part of Third War with England | |
| 233676145 | Creole | 1841- a ship upon which American slaves mutinied and sailed in Nassau, Bahamas, where the British set them free. The Secretary of State Daniel Webster demanded that the slaves be returned as American Property but the British refused | |
| 233676146 | Democrats' Jefferson Banquet | Jackson and Calhoun draw sharp lines on their differing views here when Jackson says, "Our Federal Union- it must be preserved." Calhoun replies, "The Union, next to our liberty most dear." | |
| 233676147 | Dorr Rebellion | In 1841, Rhode Island was governed by a 1663 charter which said that only property holders and their eldest sons could vote (1/2 the adult male population). Thomas Dorr led a group of rebels who wrote a new constitution and elected him governor in 1842. The state militia was called in to stop the rebellion. Dorr was sentenced to life imprisonment, but the sentence was withdrawn. Dorr's Rebellion caused conservatives to realize the need for reform. A new constitution in 1843 gave almost all men the right to vote. | |
| 233676148 | 5 Civilized Tribes | Cherokee, Creek, Seminole, Chickasaw, Choctaw; 1830s: remaining tribes in W. GA, AL, MI, FL | |
| 233676149 | Force Bill | 1833 - The Force Bill authorized President Jackson to use the army and navy to collect duties on the Tariffs of 1828 and 1832. South Carolina's ordinance of nullification had declared these tariffs null and void, and South Carolina would not collect duties on them. The Force Act was never invoked because it was passed by Congress the same day as the Compromise Tariff of 1833, so it became unnecessary. South Carolina also nullified the Force Act. | |
| 233676150 | Great Triumvirate | Daniel Webster, John C Calhoun, Henry Clay were known as this because they dominated the United States Senate in the 1830's and 1840's. All 3 were very active statesman and all served in both the House and Senate and had been appointed Secretary of State. Clay won support from those who favored his "internal improvements" proposal. Webster won support with his passionate speeches in defense of the Constitution and the Union and his connection with the US Bank. Calhoun had support from the South. | |
| 233676151 | Independent Treasury | Martin Van Buren passed the "Divorce Bill" in 1840 which created this that took the government's funds out of the pet banks that Jackson created and put them in vaults in several of the largest cities. This way the funds would be safe from inflation. | |
| 233676152 | Indian Removal Act | Passed in 1830, authorized Andrew Jackson to negotiate land-exchange treaties with tribes living east of the Mississippi. The treaties enacted under this act's provisions paved the way for the reluctant—and often forcible—emigration of tens of thousands of American Indians to the West. | |
| 233676153 | James Kent | New York. felt there should be a tax paying requirement (keep property requirement for enator Vote); Dec of Independecdence argument-property requirement was ABOLISHED. | |
| 233676154 | Locofocos | a member of a radical group of New York Democrats organized in 1835 in opposition to the regular party organization | |
| 233676155 | "Log Cabin" Campaign | name given to William Henry Harrison's campaign for the presidency in 1840, from the Whigs use of a log cabin as their symbol | |
| 233676156 | Peggy Eaton | Social scandal (1829-1831) - John Eaton, Secretary of War, stayed with the Timberlakes when in Washington, and there were rumors of his affair with Peggy Timberlake even before her husband died in 1828. Many cabinet members snubbed the socially unacceptable Mrs. Eaton. Jackson sided with the Eatons, and the affair helped to dissolve the cabinet - especially those members associated with John C. Calhoun (V.P.), who was against the Eatons and had other problems with Jackson. | |
| 233676157 | "Pet Banks" | State banks where Andrew Jackson placed deposits removed from the federal National Bank. | |
| 233676158 | "the Reign of King Mob" | refers to Jackson's inaugural and White House reception in 1829 | |
| 233676159 | Robert Y. Hayne | The governor of South Carolina during the nullification crisis and called for a counterclaim to Jackson's opposition of the South Carolina stance | |
| 233676160 | Specie Circular | issued by President Jackson July 11, 1836, was meant to stop land speculation caused by states printing paper money without proper specie (gold or silver) backing it. It required that the purchase of public lands be paid for in specie. It stopped the land speculation and the sale of public lands went down sharply. The panic of 1837 followed. | |
| 233676161 | "Soft Money"/"Hard Money" | There were two gropus of opposition dealing with the Bank War. Advocates of soft money were people who wanted more currency in circulation and believed that issuing bank notes supported by gold and silver was the best way to circulate more currency. They consisted largely of state bankers and their allies. They were agains the Bank because they believed it restrained the state banks from issuing notes freely. The hard money advocates believed that gold and silver were the only basis for moeny. The condemned all banks that issued bank notes, including the Bank of the US. Hard money forces embraced "public virtue" and looked with suspicion on expansion. Soft mney advocates believed in rapid economic growth and speculation. | |
| 233676162 | Trail of Tears | The Cherokee Indians were forced to leave their lands. They traveled from North Carolina and Georgia through Tennessee, Kentucky, Illinois, Missouri, and Arkansas-more than 800 miles (1,287 km)-to the Indian Territory. More than 4, 00 Cherokees died of cold, disease, and lack of food during the 116-day journey. | |
| 233676163 | Webster-Ashburton Treaty | 1842 between the US and the Brits, settled boundry disputes in the North West, fixed most borders between US and Canada, talked about slavery and excredition | |
| 233676164 | Webster's Second Reply to Hayne | a speech made by Daniel Webster attacking Hayne for challenging the integrity of the Union. | |
| 233676165 | William L. Macy | one of Andrew Jackson's henchmen, from NY; "To the victors belong the spoils." |
