Physiology & Histology of the Skin
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| 432446805 | acid mantle | protective lipids and secretions on top of the skin | |
| 432446806 | adipose (fat) tissue | a protective cushion that gives contour and smoothness to the body | |
| 432446807 | apocrine glands | coiled structures attached to hair follicles found in the underarm and genital areas | |
| 432446808 | arrector pili muscle | the muscles that contracts and causes "goose bumps" when we are cold | |
| 432446809 | barrier function | the protective barrier of the eperdermis; the corneum and intercellular cement protect the surface from irritation and dehydration | |
| 432446810 | cell mitosos | cell division; occurs continuously in the basal cell layer | |
| 432446811 | ceramides | liquid materials that are a natural part of the intercellular cement | |
| 432446812 | collagen | fibrous, connective tissue made from protein; found in the reticular layer of the dermis; gives skin its firmness. Topically, a large, long-chain molecular protein that lies on top of the skin and binds water; derived from the placentas of cows or other sources | |
| 432446813 | dermal papillae | membranes of ridges and grooves that attach to the eperdermis | |
| 432446814 | dermis | live layer of connective tissues below the eperdermis | |
| 432446815 | desmosomes | the structures that assist in holding cells together | |
| 432446816 | eccrine glands | sweat glands found all over the body; not attached to hair follicles, do not produce an offensive odor | |
| 432446817 | elastin | protein fiber found in the dermis; gives skin its elasticity and firmness | |
| 432446818 | epidermis | the outermost layer of skin; a thin, protective layer with many nerve endings | |
| 432446819 | fibroblasts | cells that produce amino acids and collagen | |
| 432446820 | follicles | hair follicles and sebaceous follicles are tube like depressions in the epidermis | |
| 432446821 | free radicals | oxygen atoms or or molecules with unpaired electrons that cause oxidation. they steal electrons from other molecules, which damages the other molecules | |
| 432446822 | hair papillae | cone-shaped elevations at the base of the follicle that fits into the bulb. the papillae are filled with tissue that contains the blood vessels and necessary for hair growth and follicle nourishment | |
| 432446823 | histology | study of the structure and composition of tissue | |
| 432446824 | hormones | secretions produced by one of the endocrine glands and carried by the bloodstream or body fluid to another part of the body or a body organ to stimulate functional activity or secretion; the internal messengers for most of the body's systems | |
| 432446825 | hyaluronic acid | hydrating fluids found in the skin; hydrophilic agent with water-binding properties | |
| 432446826 | integumentary system | the skin and its extensions, such as the hair, nails and glands | |
| 432446827 | intercellular cement | lipid substances between coreum cells that protect the cells from water loss and irritation | |
| 432446828 | keratin | fiber protein found in skin, hair and nails; provides resiliency and protection to the skin | |
| 432446829 | keratinocytes | cells composed of keratin | |
| 432446830 | lipids | fats or fatlike substances. lipids help repair and protect the barrier function of the skin | |
| 432446831 | lymph vessels | located in the dermis, these supply nourishment within the skin and remove waste | |
| 432446832 | melanin | skin pigment; a defense mechanism to protect the skin from the sun | |
| 432446833 | melanocytes | cells that produce pigment granules in the basal layer. these granules are called melanosomes. | |
| 432446834 | papillary layer | the top layer of the dermis next to the epidermis | |
| 432446835 | physiology | study of the functions or activities performed by the body's structures | |
| 432446836 | pores | a tube like opening for sweat glands on the epidermis | |
| 432446837 | reticular layer | the deeper layer of the dermis, containing proteins that gives the skin its strength and elasticity | |
| 432446838 | sebaceous glands | sebaceous glands are connected to the hair follicles int the reticular layer; these produce sebum, which protects the surface of the skin | |
| 432446839 | sebum | provides protection for the epidermis from external factors and lubricates both the skin and hair | |
| 432446840 | stratum corneum | outermost layer of the epidermis, also called the horny layer | |
| 432446841 | stratum germinativum | first layer of the epidermis above the papillary layer of the dermis; also known as the basal layer | |
| 432446842 | stratum granulosum | layer of the epidermis composed of cells filled with keratin that resemble granules; replace cells shed from the stratum corneum | |
| 432446843 | stratum lucidum | clear layer of epidermis under the stratum corneum; found only on the palms of hands and soles of feet | |
| 432446844 | stratum spinosum | spiny layer of epidermis above the basal layer | |
| 432446845 | subcutaneous layer | subcutaneous adipose tissue located beneath the dermis | |
| 432446846 | subcutis tissue | subcutaneous tissue located beneath the dermis | |
| 432446847 | sudoriferous or sweat glands | excrete perspiration and detoxify the body by excreting excess salt and unwanted chemicals | |
| 432446848 | telangiectasia | describes capillaries that have been damaged and are now larger, or distended blood vessels. commonly called couperose skin | |
| 432446849 | transepidermal water loss (TEWL) | water loss caused by evaporation on the skin's surface | |
| 432446850 | uva rays | longer, aging rays that penetrate deeper into the skin than uvb rays. | |
| 432446851 | uvb rays | shorter, burning rays that are stronger than uva rays | |
| 432446852 | skin characteristics | weighs 8-10 lbs, 22 sq ft | |
| 432446853 | each inch of skin contains | millions of cells, 15 ft of blood vessels, 12 ft of nerves, 650 sweat glands, 100 oil glands, 65 hairs, 1300 nerve endings, 155 pressure receptors, 12 cold and heat receptors | |
| 432446854 | epidermis is composed of what 5 layers | stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosm, stratum spinosum and stratum germinativum | |
| 432446855 | desquamation | shedding of skin cells | |
| 432446856 | ground substance | a fluid matrix in the dermis |
