Chapter 9 The American Pageant 12th Edition
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| 84438151 | Abigail Adams | Wife of John Adams. During the Revolutionary War, she wrote letters to her husband describing life on the homefront. She urged her husband to remember America's women in the new government he was helping to create. | 0 | |
| 84438152 | Daniel Shays | Head of Shay's Rebellion; he and several other angry farmers violently protested against debtor's jail; eventually crushed; aided in the creation of constitution because land owners now wanted to preserve what was theirs from "mobocracy" | 1 | |
| 84438153 | Alexander Hamilton | 1789-1795; First Secretary of the Treasury. He advocated creation of a national bank, assumption of state debts by the federal government, and a tariff system to pay off the national debt. | 2 | |
| 84438154 | James Madison | The fourth President of the United States (1809-1817). A member of the Continental Congress (1780-1783) and the Constitutional Convention (1787), he strongly supported ratification of the Constitution and was a contributor to The Federalist Papers (1787-1788), which argued the effectiveness of the proposed constitution. His presidency was marked by the War of 1812. Father of the Constitution | 3 | |
| 84438155 | Gouverneur Morris | United States statesman who led the committee that produced the final draft of the United States Constitution (1752-1816) | 4 | |
| 84438156 | Thomas Jefferson | Virginian, architect, author, governor, and president. Lived at Monticello. Wrote the Declaration of Independence. Second governor of Virgina. Third president of the United States. Designed the buildings of the University of Virginia. | 5 | |
| 84438157 | Primogeniture | A system of inheritance in which the eldest son in a family received all of his father's land. The nobility remained powerful and owned land, while the 2nd and 3rd sons were forced to seek fortune elsewhere. Many of them turned to the New World for their financial purposes and individual wealth. | 6 | |
| 84438158 | Federation | Thomas Jefferson wanted a tightly knit federation. This involved the yielding by the states of their sovereignty to a completely new federal government. This would give the states freedom to control their local affairs. | 7 | |
| 84438159 | Checks and Balances | A system that allows each branch of government to limit the powers of the other branches in order to prevent abuse of power | 8 | |
| 84438160 | Sovereignty | Ability of a state to govern its territory free from control of its internal affairs by other states. | 9 | |
| 84438161 | "mobocracy" | Lawless control of public affairs by the mob or populace. | 10 | |
| 84438162 | Consent of the Governed | The idea that government derives its authority by sanction of the people. | 11 | |
| 84438163 | Republicanism | A philosophy of limited government with elected representatives serving at the will of the people. The government is based on consent of the governed. | 12 | |
| 84438164 | States' Rights | the belief that an individual state may restrict federal authority | 13 | |
| 84438165 | Popular sovereignty | The concept that political power rests with the people who can create, alter, and abolish government. People express themselves through voting and free participation in government | 14 | |
| 84438166 | Confederation | A loose group of governments working together. | 15 | |
| 84438167 | Anarchy | a state of lawlessness and disorder (usually resulting from a failure of government) | 16 | |
| 84438168 | Republican Motherhood | it elevated women as keepers of the national conscience because they were entrusted with the moral education of the young | 17 | |
| 84438169 | Civic Virtue | notion that democracy depended on unselfish commitment to the public good | 18 | |
| 84438170 | Nonimportation Agreements | Agreements not to import goods from Great Britain. They were designed to put pressure on the British economy and force the repeal of unpopular parliamentary acts. | 19 | |
| 84438171 | Ratification | formal approval, final consent to the effectiveness of a constitution, constitutional amendment, or treaty | 20 | |
| 84438172 | Constitutional Convention | Beginning on May 25, 1787, the convention recommended by the Annapolis Convention was held in Philadelphia. All of the states except Rhode Island sent delegates, and George Washington served as president of the convention. The convention lasted 16 weeks, and on September 17, 1787, produced the present Constitution of the United States, which was drafted largely by James Madison. | 21 | |
| 84438173 | Society of the Cincinnati | A society established by former officers of the Revolutionary war as a sort of aristocracy in which traditionalism and social status was important. Thomas Jefferson and other civilians thought that this movement threatened the newly formed republic and feared it could turn into an aristocracy so they worked to disband it. This was showed that nothing would stand in the way of a democratic government. This was crucial as this is the point when most revolutions fail, but the determination from Jefferson ceased this early threat. | 22 | |
| 84438174 | "Great Compromise" | Compromise made by Constitutional Convention in which states would have equal representation in one house of the legislature and representation based on population in the other house | 23 | |
| 84438175 | Articles of Confederation | This document, the nation's first constitution, was adopted by the Second Continental Congress in 1781 during the Revolution. The document was limited because states held most of the power, and Congress lacked the power to tax, regulate trade, or control coinage. | 24 | |
| 84438176 | Electoral College | A group selected by the states to elect the president and the vice-president, in which each state's number of electors is equal to the number of its senators and representatives in Congress. | 25 | |
| 84438177 | Land Ordinance of 1785 | A law that divided much of the United States into a system of townships to facilitate the sale of land to settlers. | 26 | |
| 84438178 | Three-fifths compromise | The Three-Fifths compromise was a compromise between Southern and Northern states reached during the Philadelphia Convention of 1787 in which three-fifths of the population of slaves would be counted for enumeration purposes regarding both the distribution of taxes and the apportionment of the members of the United States House of Representatives. | 27 | |
| 84438179 | Northwest Ordinance of 1787 | Created the Northwest Territory (area north of the Ohio River and west of Pennsylvania), established conditions for self-government and statehood, included a Bill of Rights, and permanently prohibited slavery | 28 | |
| 84438180 | Antifederalists | They opposed the ratification of the Constitution because it gave more power to the federal government and less to the states, and because it did not ensure individual rights. Many wanted to keep the Articles of Confederation. The Antifederalists were instrumental in obtaining passage of the Bill of Rights as a prerequisite to ratification of the Constitution in several states. After the ratification of the Constitution, the Antifederalists regrouped as the Democratic-Republican (or simply Republican) party. | 29 | |
| 84438181 | Shay's Rebellion | This conflict in Massachusetts caused many to criticize the Articles of Confederation and admit the weak central government was not working; uprising led by Daniel Shays in an effort to prevent courts from foreclosing on the farms of those who could not pay the taxes. | 30 | |
| 84438182 | Federalists | Supporters of the Constitution that were led by Alexander Hamilton and John Adams. They firmly believed the national government should be strong. They didn't want the Bill of Rights because they felt citizens' rights were already well protected by the Constitution. | 31 | |
| 84438183 | Large state plan | aka VA Plan; plan to set up a bicameral congress based on POPULATION; gives LARGE STATES the advantage | 32 | |
| 84438184 | Constitution of the United States | Written at the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia in 1787 and subsequently ratified by the original thirteen states, The foundation of our country's national government; was drafted in Philadelphia in 1787; the Constitution establishes a government with direct authority over all citizens, it defines the powers of the national government, and it establishes protection for the rights of states and of every individual. | 33 | |
| 84438185 | The Federalist | Essays promoting ratification of the Constitution, published anonymously by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison in 1787 and 1788. | 34 | |
| 84438186 | Bundle of compromises | This referred to the fact that the Constitution was trying to please everybody. (Great Compromise; 3/5 compromise; method of electing president; regulation of slave trade) | 35 | |
| 84438187 | Virginia Statue for Religious Freedom | Established in 1786. Its passage was pushed by Thomas Jefferson and other reformers, including the Baptists. It gave religous freedom and prolonged the fight for a separation of Church and State. It asserted that forcing any man to worship in a particular way was a violation of his civil and natural rights. | 36 | |
| 84438188 | Continental Congress | The legislative assembly composed of delegates from the rebel colonies who met during and after the American Revolution. | 37 |
