Terms : Hide Images
| 44298916 | globalization | The trend toward increased cultural and economic connectedness between people, businesses, and organizations throughout the world. | 0 | |
| 44298917 | import | to bring something in from another country or area to sell | 1 | |
| 44298918 | export | to send a product or resource from one country to be sold in another country | 2 | |
| 44298919 | free market economy | an economic system in which decisions on the three key economic questions are based on voluntary exchange in markets | 3 | |
| 44298920 | supply | the amount of a product that would be offered for sale at all possible prices that could prevail in the market | 4 | |
| 44298921 | demand | the quantity of a good or service that consumers are willing and able to buy | 5 | |
| 44298922 | scarcity | not having enough resources to produce all of the things we would like to have | 6 | |
| 44298923 | commodities | economic goods or products before they are processed and/or given a brand name, such as a product of agriculture | 7 | |
| 44298924 | ration | to allow only certain amounts of food, gasoline, and other goods to each person. | 8 | |
| 44298925 | world trade routes | this is the movement of goods and services between countries - trade between countries allows us to have thigns we don't produce in our country | 9 | |
| 44298926 | diaspora traders | the dispersion of the Jews beyond Israel. the dispersion of any people from their original homeland: the diaspora of boat people from Asia. | 10 | |
| 44298927 | pochteca | Aztec merchants. Extremely wealthy. Had a huge quantity of material goods etc. But explicitly forbidden to take part in political hierarchy so as not to throw off the balance of power. | 11 | |
| 44298928 | timbuktu | City on the Niger River in the modern country of Mali. It was founded by the Tuareg as a seasonal camp sometime after 1000. As part of the Mali empire, Timbuktu became a major major terminus of the trans-Saharan trade and a center of Islamic learning (388 | 12 | |
| 44298929 | sahel | desertification is wide spread seperates the sahra fromt eh savannah to the north, recieves little rain | 13 | |
| 44298930 | haji | an islaomic religious pilgramige to mekkah one of five essential pillares of muslim creed to be undertaken once in life if an individual is phisicaly and finacialy able to do it | 14 | |
| 44298931 | lateen | Traiangular sail that catches the wind from sides and back | 15 | |
| 44298932 | jongs | cargo ships (junks) left by Polynesian sailors. ships with multilayered hulls, 2 to 4 masts, 2 rudders, and a normal capacity of 400 to 500 tons | 16 | |
| 44298933 | mongols | People from the country of Mongolia that were greatly weakened by China in the mid-700's. | 17 | |
| 44298934 | ming dynasty | A major dynasty that ruled China from the mid-fourteenth to the mid-seventeenth century. It was marked by a great expansion of Chinese commerce into East Africa, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia | 18 | |
| 44298935 | abbasid empire | Islamic Turkish empire whose capital was Baghdad; taken over by persians in 945 | 19 | |
| 44298936 | pax mongolica | a phrase coined by Western scholars to describe the alleged stabilizing effects of the conquest of the Mongol Empire on the social, cultural and economic life of the inhabitants of the vast Eurasian territory they conquered in the 13th and 14th centuries | 20 | |
| 44298937 | yurts | large circle-shaped structures made of animal skins that can be packed up and moved from place to place | 21 | |
| 44298938 | chinggis khan | born in 1170s in decades following death of Kabul Khan; elected khagan of all MOngol tribes in 1206; responsible for conquest of northern kingdoms of China, territories as far west as the Abbasid regions; died in 1227 prior to conquest of most of the Islamic world | 22 | |
| 44298939 | vikings | one of a seafaring Scandinavian people who raided the coasts of northern and western Europe from the eighth through the tenth century | 23 | |
| 44298940 | leif eriksson | The son of Erik the Red. He sailed from west Norway to Greenland but strong winds blew his ship off course and carried him all the way to the North American coast | 24 | |
| 44298941 | william the conqueror | the duke of Normandy, a province of France, and the leader of the Norman Conquest of England. He defeated the English forces at the Battle of Hastings in 1066 and became the first Norman King of England. | 25 | |
| 44298942 | battle of lepanto | a naval battle fought between a Spanish and Venetian fleet and the German navy. The Spanish won. The battle meant that European navies ahd surpassed the Muslims. The Turks could no longer challenge Europeans on international routes. | 26 | |
| 44298943 | guilds | business associations that dominated medieval towns; they passed laws, levied taxes, built protective walls for the city, etc. Each guild represented workers in one occupation such as weavers, bakers, brewers, sword makers, etc. | 27 | |
| 44298944 | hanseatic league | An organization of cities in northern Germany and southern Scandinavia for the purpose of establishing a commercial alliance. | 28 | |
| 44298945 | anselm | The greatest conceivable being (God) exists because he is capable of being conceived. | 29 | |
| 44298946 | frances of assisi | Saint who worried about animals | 30 | |
| 44298947 | thomas aquinas | Creator of one of the great syntheses of medieval learning; taught at University of Paris; author of several Summas; believed that through reason it was possible to know much about natural order, moral law, and nature of God. | 31 | |
| 44298948 | renaissance | The great period of rebirth in art, literature, and learning in the 14th-16th centuries, which marked the transition into the modern periods of European history | 32 | |
| 44298949 | humanism | a cultural and intellectual movement during the Renaissance, following the rediscovery of the art and literature of ancient Greece and Rome. A philosophy or attitude concerned with the interests, achievements, and capabilities of human beings rather than with the abstract concepts and problems of theology or science | 33 | |
| 44298950 | the medici family | Wealthy family which controlled Florence Italy during the Renaissance. Cosimo de Medici---Pater Patriae----Father of our country. BANKING and WOOL. Son= Lorenzo de Medici, Also Great---Renaissance man, embodiment (library, Patronage to arts, favored writers over painters, poet, intellectual. | 34 | |
| 44298951 | michealangelo | Avoided an apprenticeship by working for Lorenzo d'Medici and avoided being forced to copy a master for years. In Rome in 1496, he made the Pietá, which was never outdone by his later works and was one of the greatest sculptures of the Renaissance. In Florence, by age 26, he was well-known and thus was commissioned to sculpt his David, which united Renaissance and Classical styles. He then went on to paint the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, against his wishes, and finally built Saint Paul's Cathedral over the base of St. Paul's grave, which was one of the most "harmonious" - and large- domes in architecture. | 35 | |
| 44298952 | leonardo da vinci | Italian painter, engineer, musician, and scientist. The most versatile genius of the Renaissance, Leonardo filled notebooks with engineering and scientific observations that were in some cases centuries ahead of their time. As a painter Leonardo is best known for The Last Supper (c. 1495) and Mona Lisa (c. 1503). | 36 | |
| 44298953 | niccolo machiavelli | (1469-1527) Wrote The Prince which contained a secular method of ruling a country. "End justifies the means." | 37 | |
| 44298954 | johannes gutenberg | 1400-1468. German goldsmith and printer who is credited with inventing movable printing type in Europe abround 1439. Created the 42-line Gutenberg Bible, noted for its high aesthetic and technical quality. HIs printing technology was a key factor in the European Renaissance, and is considered on eof the most important inventions of all time. | 38 | |
| 44298955 | henry the navigator | (1394-1460) Portuguese prince who promoted the study of navigation and directed voyages of exploration down the western coast of Africa. | 39 | |
| 44298956 | bartolomeu dias | Portuguese explorer who in 1488 led the first expedition to sail around the southern tip of Africa from the Atlantic and sight the Indian Ocean. | 40 | |
| 44298957 | vasco de gama | A Portugese sailor who was the first European to sail around southern Africa to the Indian Ocean | 41 | |
| 44298958 | christopher columbus | (1451-1506) Sailed for Spain. In 1492, he accidentally landed in the Americas instead of reaching the East Indies. | 42 | |
| 44298959 | amerigo vespucci | italian cartographer that sailed under the Spanish flag repeated Columbus' initial attemp to sail west to Asia; he explored the coast of Africa thinking that it was Asia; he made his next voyage commissioned by Portugal and sailed along the coast of S America concluding that it could not be Asia; his discoveries were published and the new continent was named after him | 43 | |
| 44298960 | vasco de balboa | First Spanish captain to begin settlement on the mainland of Mesoamerica in 1509; initial settlement eventually led to conquest of Aztec and Inca empires by other captains. | 44 | |
| 44298961 | bubonic plague | Also called the Black Death was a deadly disease that spread through Europe and killed one out of every three people | 45 | |
| 44298962 | aztec empire | lead by emperor Montezume the Aztecs originally defeated the spainish but the spainish came back and defeated them through war and disease | 46 | |
| 44298963 | inca | Native American people that around a.d. 1400 created an empire reaching nearly 2500 miles along the west coast of South America | 47 | |
| 44298964 | toltecs | Nomadic peoples from beyond the northern frontier of sedentary agriculture in Mesoamerica; established capital at Tula after migration into central Mesoamerican plateau; strongly militaristic ethic, including cult of human sacrifice. | 48 | |
| 44298965 | caravel | small, highly maneuverable, two- or three-masted lateen-rigged ship created by the Portuguese and used also by them and by the Spanish for long voyages of exploration from the 15th century. | 49 | |
| 44311227 | malay sailors | Southeast Asian sailors who traveled the Indian Ocean; by 500 C.E., they had colonized Madagascar, introducing the cultivation of the banana | 50 | |
| 44311228 | swahili | a language used in East Africa that developed as a trade language. | 51 | |
| 44311229 | silk road | An ancient trade route between China and the Mediterranean Sea extending some 6,440 km (4,000 mi) and linking China with the Roman Empire. Marco Polo followed the route on his journey to Cathay. | 52 | |
| 44311230 | mali empire | From 1235-1400, this was a strong empire of Western African. With its trading cities of Timbuktu and Gao, it had many mosques and universities. The Empire was ruled by two great rulers, Sundiata and Mansa Musa. Thy upheld a strong gold-salt trade. The fall of the empire was caused by the lack of strong rulers who could govern well. | 53 | |
| 44311231 | songhay empire | Portion of Mali after that kingdom collapsed around 1500; this empire controlled Timbuktu. | 54 | |
| 44311232 | ibn battuta | (1304-1369) Morrocan Muslim scholar, the most widely traveled individual of his time. He wrote a detailed account of his visits to Islamic lands from China to Spain and the western Sudan. His writings gave a glimpse into the world of that time period. | 55 | |
| 44311233 | ferdinand magellan | (1480?-1521) Portuguese-born navigator. Hired by Spain to sail to the Indies in 1519. (The same year HRE Charles V became empreor.) Magellan was killed in the Philippines (1521). One of his ships returned to Spain (1522), thereby completing the first circumnavigation of the globe | 56 | |
| 44311234 | james cook | 1728 - 1779 English sea captain who searched for a northern passage to the Pacific | 57 | |
| 44311235 | joseph banks | a you;ng scientist who made vast contribuations to botany and zoology on the basis of his findings on this voyage. | 58 | |
| 44311236 | abu bakr | Companion of 1st muslim leader after Muhammad. Regarded by Sunni's as the 1st caliph and rightful succesor. The Shi'ah regard him as a traitor of Muhammad. Known as best interpretter of dreams following Muhammad's death. | 59 | |
| 44311237 | ali | Prophet Muhammad's son-in-law; a leading figure in the Shi'a branch of Islam | 60 | |
| 44311238 | baghdad | Capital city of Iraq. As heart of the Arab Empire, it was second only to Constantinople in terms of size and grandeur in 1000 C.E. | 61 | |
| 44311239 | byzantine empire | Historians' name for the eastern portion of the Roman Empire from the fourth century onward, taken from 'Byzantion,' an early name for Constantinople, the Byzantine capital city. The empire fell to the Ottomans in 1453. | 62 | |
| 44311240 | caliphate | the rulership of Islam; caliph, the spiritual head and temporal ruler of the Islamic state. In principle, Islam is theocratic: when Muhammad died, a caliph [Arab.,=successor] was chosen to rule in his place. The caliph had temporal and spiritual authority but was not permitted prophetic power; this was reserved for Muhammad. | 63 | |
| 44311241 | caste | India's rigid social system in which all members of that society are assigned by birth to specific ranks and inherit specific roles and privileges | 64 | |
| 44311242 | umar | One of the 1st 4 caliphs. Friend of Muhammad. A merchant. Spread Islam to Syria, Egypt, and Persia; redesigned government; paid soldiers; held a census; made taxes more fair; built roads & canals; aided poor | 65 | |
| 44311243 | imams | spiritual leaders of Shi'ah Islam, said to be direct descendents of Muhammad | 66 | |
| 44311244 | ulama | Orthodox religious scholars within Islam; pressed for a more conservative and restrictive theology; increasingly opposed to non-Islamic ideas and scientific thinking | 67 | |
| 44311245 | dar al islam | an Arabic term that means the "house of Islam" and that refers to lands under Islamic rule | 68 | |
| 44311246 | berber | The indigenous people of North Africa west of the Nile. | 69 | |
| 44311247 | tribute system | A system in which defeated peoples were forced to pay a tax in the form of goods and labor. This forced transfer of food, cloth, and other goods subsidized the development of large cities. An important component of the Aztec and Inca economies. | 70 | |
| 44311248 | crusades | a series of military expeditions in the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries by Westrn European Christians to reclain control of the Holy Lands from the Muslims | 71 | |
| 44311249 | dome of the rock | Muslim shrine containing the rock from which Mohammad is believed to have risen to heaven; Jews believe Abraham prepared to sacrifice his son Isaac on the rock | 72 | |
| 44311250 | dynasty | a powerful family or group of rulers that maintains its position or power for some time | 73 | |
| 44311251 | five pillars of islam | true Muslims were expected to follow (principle of Salvation): belief in Allah, pray 5 times a day, giving of alms, fasting during Ramadan, pilgrimage to Mecca once in a lifetime | 74 | |
| 44311252 | golden horde | Mongol khanate founded by Genghis Khan's grandson Batu. It was based in southern Russia and quickly adopted both the Turkic language and Islam. | 75 | |
| 44311253 | hagia sophia | Most famous example of Byzantine architecture, it was built under Justinian I and is considered one of the most perfect buildings in the world. | 76 | |
| 44311254 | holy roman empire | Religious divisions due to the Reformation and religious wars in 16th and 17th centuries split Germany among Catholic, Lutheran and Calvinist prince. Gave way to new empires | 77 | |
| 44311255 | incan | A member of the group of Quechuan peoples of highland Peru who established an empire from northern Ecuador to central Chile before the Spanish conquest. | 78 | |
| 44311256 | spanish inquisition | This was the harsh and violent conversion of Spain back into Catholicism. They used several versions of torture and fear tactics to convert people back to Catholicism | 79 | |
| 44311257 | islam | the religious faith of Muslims, based on the words and religious system founded by the prophet Muhammad and taught by the Koran, the basic principle of which is absolute submission to a unique and personal god, Allah. | 80 | |
| 44311258 | kublai khan | first great Mongol emperor of China, conquered Korea, part of Southeast Asia and attempted Japan twice, mixed Mongol and Chinses government and traditions | 81 | |
| 44311259 | mali | Empire created by indigenous Muslims in western Sudan of West Africa from the thirteenth to fifteenth century. It was famous for its role in the trans-Saharan gold trade. | 82 | |
| 44311260 | mansa musa | this Mali king brought Mali to its peak of power and wealth from 1312 the 1337; he was the most powerful king in west africa | 83 | |
| 44311261 | marco polo | Venetian merchant and traveler. His accounts of his travels to China offered Europeans a firsthand view of Asian lands and stimulated interest in Asian trade. | 84 | |
| 44311262 | mayan | This civilization was located in present-day Guatemala and Belize and in parts of Mexico, El Salvador, and Honduras. | 85 | |
| 44311263 | mecca | city in western Saudi Arabia; birthplace of the prophet Muhammad and most holy city for Islamic people | 86 | |
| 44311264 | medina | Earlier name for the city Yathrib. Muhammad moved here from Mecca in the migration known as the Hijrah. | 87 | |
| 44311265 | mesoamerica | Located in present day Mexico and Central America, first Native American civilizations did not emerge in river valleys. | 88 | |
| 44311266 | middle ages | The historical period from around 500 A.D. up to around 1450 A.D. between the fall of Rome and the birth of the Renaissance | 89 | |
| 44311267 | ming | This dynasty got soldiers to move to the frontier in exchange for free land. | 90 | |
| 44311268 | mohammed | 570-632. Born in Mecca, died in Medina. Founder of Islam. Regarded by Muslims as a prophet of God. Teachings make up the Qu'ran, the Muslim holy book. | 91 | |
| 44311269 | peasant | a person who makes a living from working the soil, especially in poorer countries | 92 | |
| 44311270 | pope | The bishop, or church leader, of Rome and head of the Roman Catholic Church | 93 | |
| 44311271 | pope innocent | powerful, launches a much later crusade | 94 | |
| 44311272 | qur'an | Book composed of divine revelations made to the Prophet Muhammad between ca. 610 and his death in 632; the sacred text of the religion of Islam. | 95 | |
| 44311273 | song | a dynasty that ruled china after the Tang | 96 | |
| 44311274 | sufis | mystical Muslim group that believed they could draw closer to God through prayer, fasting, & simple life | 97 | |
| 44311275 | sunni/shia | A branch of Islam whose members acknowledge the first four caliphs as the rightful successors of Muhammad the branch of Islam whose members acknowledge Ali and his descendants as the rightful successors of Muhammad | 98 | |
| 44311276 | tang | a dynasty that ruled China for almost 300 years | 99 | |
| 44317720 | tartars | derogatory name for mongols referencing their evil and cruel ways; means archer or nomad | 100 | |
| 44317721 | umayidd | a member of the dynasty that ruled at Damascus a.d. 661-750, claiming descent from Omayya, cousin of the grandfather of Muhammad the Prophet. | 101 | |
| 44317722 | vikings | one of a seafaring Scandinavian people who raided the coasts of northern and western Europe from the eighth through the tenth century | 102 | |
| 44317723 | moors | the group of Muslims from North Africa who conquered Spain in the eighth century | 103 | |
| 44317724 | bedouins | nomadic people who moved through the desert to reach seasonal pasturelands. | 104 | |
| 44317725 | woodblock printing | the process when an inked cloth pad was lightly rubbed over the surface to produce an inked image | 105 | |
| 44317726 | astrolabe | An instrument invented by Muslims that is used to determine direction by figuring out the position of the stars. | 106 | |
| 44317727 | mosque | the building used by Muslims for religious services | 107 | |
| 44317728 | footbinding | practice in chinese society to mutilate women's feet in order to make them smaller; produced pain and restricted women's movement; made it easier to confine women to the household | 108 | |
| 44317729 | compass | an instrument for showing directions, consisting of a needle or compass card that points to the north magnetic pole, which is near the North Pole | 109 | |
| 44317730 | zimbabwe | a country of southern Africa. Various Bantu peoples migrated into the area during the first millennium, displacing the earlier San inhabitants | 110 | |
| 44317731 | bantu | Collective name of a large group of sub-Saharan African languages and of the peoples speaking these languages. | 111 | |
| 44317732 | steppes | this is the name for the dry grasslands north of Caucasus. | 112 |
