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| 57989393 | Ottoman Empire | Centered in Constantinople, the Turkish imperial state that conquered large amounts of land in the Middle East, North Africa, and the Balkans, and fell after World War I. | 0 | |
| 57989394 | Suleiman the Magnificent | The most illustrious sultan of the Ottoman Empire (r. 1520-1566); also known as Suleiman Kanuni, 'The Lawgiver.' He significantly expanded the empire in the Balkans and eastern Mediterranean. (p. 526) | 1 | |
| 57989395 | Janissaries | Infantry, originally of slave origin, armed with firearms and constituting the elite of the Ottoman army from the fifteenth century until the corps was abolished in 1826. See also devshirme. (p. 526, 675) | 2 | |
| 57989396 | Devshirme | 'Selection' in Turkish. The system by which boys from Christian communities were taken by the Ottoman state to serve as Janissaries.(p. 526) | 3 | |
| 57989397 | Tulip period | Last years of the reign of Ottoman sultan Ahmed III, during which European styles and attitudes became briefly popular in Istanbul. (p. 530) | 4 | |
| 57989398 | Safavid Empire | Iranian kingdom (1502-1722) established by Ismail Safavi, who declared Iran a Shi'ite state. (p. 531) | 5 | |
| 57989399 | Shi'ite islam | Adherents of one of the two main divisions of Islam. Also known as Shiahs, the Shiites represent the Persian (Iranian) variation of Islam and believe in the infallibility and divine right to authority of the Imams, descendants of Ali | 6 | |
| 57989400 | Hidden Imam | Last in a series of twelve descendants of Muhammad's son-in-law Ali, whom Shi'ites consider divinely appointed leaders of the Muslim community. In occlusion since ca. 873, he is expected to return as a messiah at the end of time. (p. 532) | 7 | |
| 57989401 | Shah Abbas | Also known as Abbas the Great, took the throne in 1587 and helped create the Safavid culture | 8 | |
| 57989402 | Mughal Empire | Muslim state (1526-1857) exercising dominion over most of India in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. (p. 536) | 9 | |
| 57989403 | Akbar | Most illustrious sultan of the Mughal Empire in India (r. 1556-1605). He expanded the empire and pursued a policy of conciliation with Hindus. (p. 536) | 10 | |
| 57989404 | Mansabs | Land revenues granted by Akbar to military officers and government officials. These grants were given on conditions that the grantees would provide Akbar with some service. The governemnt kept careful track of these land grants. | 11 | |
| 57989405 | Rajputs | Members of a mainly Hindu warrior caste from northwest India. The Mughal emperors drew most of their Hindu officials from this caste, and Akbar I married a Rajput princess. (p. 537) | 12 | |
| 57989406 | Sikhism | Indian religion founded by the guru Nanak (1469-1539) in the Punjab region of northwest India. After the Mughal emperor ordered the beheading of the ninth guru in 1675, Sikh warriors mounted armed resistance to Mughal rule. (p. 538) | 13 | |
| 57989407 | Acheh Sultanate | Muslim kingdom in northern Sumatra. Main center of Islamic expansion in Southeast Asia in the early seventeenth century, it declined after the Dutch seized Malacca from Portugal in 1641. (p. 541) | 14 | |
| 57989408 | Oman | Arab state based in Musqat, the main port in the southwest region of the Arabian peninsula. Oman succeeded Portugal as a power in the western Indian Ocean in the eighteenth century. (p. 542) | 15 | |
| 57989409 | Swahili | A Bantu language with arabic words, spoken along the east african coast | 16 | |
| 57989410 | Batavia | Fort established in 1619 as headquarters of Dutch East India Company operations in INdonesia; today the city of Jakarta. | 17 | |
| 57989411 | Manchu | the race of people who conquered China and founded the Qing Dynasty | 18 | |
| 57989412 | Daimyo | the lord of a large agricultural estate in feudal Japan who supported the shogun | 19 | |
| 57989413 | Samurai | Japanese warriors | 20 | |
| 57989414 | Tokugawa Shogunate | shogunate started by Tokugawa Leyasu; 4 class system, warriors, farmers, artisans, merchants; Japan's ports were closed off; wanted to create their own culture; illegal to fight; merchants became rich because domestic trade flourished (because fighting was illegal); had new forms of art - kabuki and geishas | 21 | |
| 57989415 | Ming Empire | Empire based in China that Zhu Yuanzhang established after the overthrow of the Yuan Empire. The Ming emperor Yongle sponsored the building of the Forbidden City and the voyages of Zheng He. (554) | 22 | |
| 57989416 | Qing Empire | Empire established in China by Manchus who overthrew the Ming Empire in 1644. At various times the Qing also controlled Manchuria, Mongolia, Turkestan, and Tibet. The last Qing emperor was overthrown in 1911. (p. 556) | 23 | |
| 57989417 | Ural mountains | mountain rage that divides Europe from Asia | 24 | |
| 57989418 | Amur River | This river valley was a contested frontier between northern China and eastern Russia until the settlement arranged in Treaty of Nerchinsk (1689). | 25 | |
| 57989419 | Macartney mission | The unsuccessful attempt by the British Empire to establish diplomatic relations with the Qing Empire. (p. 560) | 26 | |
| 57989420 | Muscovy | Russian principality that emerged gradually during the era of Mongol domination. The Muscovite dynasty ruled without interruption from 1276 to 1598. (p. 551) | 27 | |
| 57989421 | Tsar | From Latin caesar, this Russian title for a monarch was first used in reference to a Russian ruler by Ivan III (r. 1462-1505). (pp. 340, 551) | 28 | |
| 57989422 | Siberia | The extreme northeastern sector of Asia, including the Kamchatka Peninsula and the present Russian coast of the Arctic Ocean, the Bering Strait, and the Sea of Okhotsk. (p. 551) | 29 | |
| 57989423 | Cossacks | peasants recruited to migrate to newly seized lands in Russia, particularly in south; combined agriculture with military conquests; spurred additional frontier conquests and settlements. | 30 | |
| 57989424 | Serfs | men of women who were the poorest members of society, peasants who worked the lord's land in exchange for protection | 31 | |
| 57989425 | Peter the Great | ruled Russia from 1682 to 1725, wanted closer ties to western europe, modernize and strengthen Russia | 32 |
