Chapters 1-4 of the 14th Edition of the American Pageant, based on a sophomore A.P U.S History class.
Terms : Hide Images
| 592104334 | Canadian Shield | zone of ancient rock | |
| 592104359 | Tidewater | narrow eastern coastal plain | |
| 592104362 | Aztecs | in Mexico, genius civilizations, technology far in advance (commerce, cities, etc..) corn as their staple crop | |
| 592104365 | Pueblo Indians | (the ones we saw in Mesa Verde, Colorado in Summer 2012), lived in the Rio Grand Valley, corn planting, irrigation systems, terraced homes built in rock | |
| 592104368 | Nation States | dense concentration of population, not in North American until the settlers came | |
| 592104371 | Mound Builders | in the Ohio Valley, the lower Midwestern Region, Anasazi people in the Southwest, used pueblo idea for civilization, buried their dead in the mounds | |
| 592104374 | Three-sister farming | (beans, squash, and maize) beans grew on the cornstalks and squash retaining the moisture from the soiled, wet ground to help the corn and beans grow (used only in Creek, Cherokee, and Choctaw Indian tribes) | |
| 592104378 | Iroquois Confederacy | robust military alliance with five tribes (Mohawks, Oneidas, Onondagas, Cayugas and Senecas), fell apart during the American Revolution | |
| 592104383 | Christian Crusaders | indirect discoveries of America (first, not actually Columbus or the Vikings) , failed to regain the Holy Land from the Muslims (1/4 Crusades won), wanted silk, drugs, perfumes, draperies, spices and sugar (which were all very expensive in Europe) | |
| 592104395 | Middlemen | dealers in between farmers and the sellers | |
| 592104401 | Marco Polo | Italian explorer who "went" to China, but wrote a book detailing his discoveries (1295), and really went to the Americas | |
| 592104404 | Caravel | ship that could sail more closely to the wind (could thus travel and ship exports faster), developed mainly by Portugal mariners for fast transportation of goods and quick profit | |
| 592104408 | Christopher Columbus | Italian explorer, "in 1492 Columbus sailed the ocean blue," but actually landed in the Bahamas and saw and island, thought he had landed in the "Indies" (he was searching for India), the most successful failure ever | |
| 592104414 | Columbian Exchange | transfer of goods, crops, and diseases between the New World and the Old World societies that after (1492) caused major controversy (goods= tobacco, sugar, maize, beans, tomato, potatoes, cattle, swine, horses) | |
| 592104419 | demographic | science of statistics | |
| 592104421 | Treaty of Tordesillas | (1494) secured claim on Christopher Columbus's discovery, dividing the "heathen lands" unevenly between Spain and Portugal (Spain got more land and is the dominating power at this time) | |
| 592104424 | Spanish Conquistadores | land conquerors for Spain who searched the Caribbean and the mainlands of the Americas | |
| 592104427 | Vasco Nunez Balboa | "discovered" the Pacific Ocean | |
| 592104430 | Ferdinand Magellan | "discovered" the Strait of Magellan | |
| 592104432 | Juan Ponce de Leon | explored Florida, not the Fountain of Youth as commonly thought (1513-1521) | |
| 592104435 | Francisco Coronado | went thru Arizona and New Mexico, found the Grand Canyon and thousands of herds of buffalo | |
| 592104437 | Hernando de Soto | (1539-1542) discovered the Mississippi River | |
| 592104439 | Francisco Pizarro | ruled Incas of Peru and gave money to Spanish coffers | |
| 592104442 | Capitalism | economic system supplied by growth of money | |
| 592104443 | Encomienda | allowed government to command Native Americans to certain colonists to Christianize them | |
| 592104444 | Hernan Cortez | (1519) left Cuba, rescued Malinche, a slave, was baptized, to get gold he burned his ships and took over the Aztecs in a bloody battle, intermarried to create a culture | |
| 592104446 | Mestizos | people of mixed European and Indian heritage | |
| 592104449 | John Cabot | coast of North America | |
| 592104457 | Jacques Cartier | found the St. Lawrence River | |
| 592104461 | Pope's Rebellion | Indian uprising due to forced religious customs where priests and Spanish settlers killed (1680) | |
| 592104464 | Black Legend | false concept that said conquerors tortured, stole and killed Native Americans for Christ | |
| 592104466 | Reformation | major 16th century European movement aimed initially at reforming the beliefs and practices of the Roman Catholic Church. Start after bloody unrest, the rebuilding and colonizing period after Oliver Cromwell leaves the throne | |
| 592104468 | Matrilineal | inheriting descent through the female line | |
| 592104472 | Spanish Armada | Spanish fleet crushed by England's fleet England grew strong, but became burdened with surplus population | |
| 592104487 | Primogeniture | eldest sons were eligible to inherit landed estates, caused bad luck in lone-wolf enterprises | |
| 592104490 | Joint-Stock Company | enabled a number of investors to pool their money together | |
| 592104493 | Virginia Company | a joint-stock company with a charter for a settlement in the New World, became Jamestown | |
| 592104501 | Charter | legal document granted in the government to implement a stated purpose | |
| 592104503 | Sir Humphrey Gilbert | Newfoundland's colonial promoter | |
| 592104505 | Sir Walter Raleigh | organized the expedition that became Roanoke Island | |
| 592104508 | Roanoke Island | first failed English colony, word 'CROATOAN' carved in tree at site | |
| 592104510 | John Smith | saved Jamestown from starvation, 'those who shall not work shall not eat,', kidnapped by Powhatan Indian Tribe (mock execution) and saved by chief's daughter Pocahontas | |
| 592104511 | Pocahontas | created peace between the Indians and settlers, daughter of Powhatan, "saved" John Smith | |
| 592104513 | Powhatan | Indian chief, created mock execution to display power over settlers | |
| 592104515 | Lord de la Warr | brought supplies to Jamestown, imposed military regime on colony and Indians | |
| 592104518 | First Anglo-Powhatan War | Lord de la Warr "used Irish tactics" against Indians (killed, burned, scalped, etc.), ended with marriage of John Rolfe and Pocahontas (1614) | |
| 592104521 | John Rolfe | Pocahontas's husband, father of the sweet tobacco industry that saves Jamestown | |
| 592104523 | Second Anglo-Powhatan War | Indian's last effort to dislodge Virginians, epic failure (1644) | |
| 592104527 | Slavery | the keeping of slaves as a practice | |
| 592104529 | House of Burgesses | first parliament in America, representative government | |
| 592104531 | Lord Baltimore | founded Maryland in 1634, Catholic (Maryland blossomed like Virginia due to tobacco cultivation) | |
| 592104533 | Proprietor | owner of a business establishment | |
| 592104535 | Feudal | of or pertaining to the holding of land in a fee | |
| 592104537 | Act of Toleration | in Maryland, guaranteed toleration to Christians but death penalty to others (Jews, atheists, etc.) | |
| 592104539 | Indentured Servants | in exchange for transatlantic passage, bound men to a colonial employer for service | |
| 592104541 | Barbados slave code | formal codes that defined a slave's legal status and their master's prerogatives, gave complete control of slaves to their masters, even severe punishments occurred for disobeying them | |
| 592104543 | Oliver Cromwell | rebel civil war leader in England, ruled for almost a decade | |
| 592104545 | Savannah Indians | had alliance with Carolinians, for captives, tried to leave for safety, tribe slaughtered | |
| 592104548 | Squatters | groups of poverty stricken outcasts and religious dissenters living on land without legal right to the soil | |
| 592104550 | James Oglethorpe | dynamic soldier statesman who didn't want slavery in Georgia, repelled Spanish attacks, saved the "Charity colony" with his own money | |
| 592104552 | Slave codes | defined a slave's legal status and their mater's prerogatives | |
| 592104553 | Longhouse | shelters in Indians tribes made of bent saplings and sheets of elm bark covered in (typically) deerskin | |
| 592104555 | Melting pot | a country in which a blending of races, people or culture takes place | |
| 592104558 | Nationalism | desire for national independence | |
| 592104560 | Royal charter | a document by the King | |
| 592104562 | Starving Time | (1609-1610) period of starvation in Jamestown | |
| 592104563 | Yeoman | a farmer who cultivates his own land, a servant | |
| 592104566 | Mayflower Compact | (1620) agreement to form a majoritarian government in Plymouth, signed aboard the Mayflower, created a foundation of self-government in the colony | |
| 592104569 | Massachusetts Bay Colony | founded in 1630, established by non-separating Puritans, grew to be the largest and most influential of the New England colonies | |
| 592104572 | King Philip's War | (1675-1676) series of assaults by Metacom, (aka King Philip) on English settlements in New England, attacks slowed the westward migration of New England for several decades | |
| 592104574 | Navigation Laws | series of laws passed starting in 1651 to regulate colonial shipping; the acts provided that only English ships would be allowed to trade in English and colonial ports, and that all goods destined for the colonies would first pass through England | |
| 592104576 | Glorious Revolution | (1688) relatively peaceful overthrow of the unpopular Catholic monarch, James II, replacing him with Dutch-born William III and Mary, daughter of James II. William and Mary accepted increased Parliamentary oversight and new limits on monarchial authority | |
| 592104579 | Salutary Neglect | (1688-1763) unofficial policy of relaxed royal control over colonial trade and only weak enforcement of Navigation Laws. Lasted from the Glorious Revolution to the end of the French and Indian War in 1763. | |
| 592104581 | Great Migration | (1630-1642) migration of seventy-thousand refugees from England to the North American colonies, primarily New England and the Caribbean. The twenty-thousand immigrants who came to Massachusetts largely shared a common sense of purpose- to establish a model Christian settlement in the New World | |
| 592104583 | Antinomianism | belief that the elect need not obey the law of either God or man most notably proclaimed in the colonies by Anne Hutchinson | |
| 592104586 | Pequot War | (1636-1638) series of clashes between English settlers and Pequot Indians in the Connecticut River valley. Ended in the slaughter of the Pequots by the Puritans and their Narragansett Indians allies. | |
| 592104588 | John Calvin | A religious leader who was influenced by Martin Luther's ideas that he created his own religion, Calvinism. | |
| 592104591 | Calvinism | a new religion formed by John Calvin that instigates that God is all-powerful and all knowing. Humans were weak and evil. He knew who was going to hell and who was going to heaven. They sought signs of conversion, or signs of God's saving grace | |
| 592104593 | Blue Laws | banned fun from colonies (no card games, stage plays, dice, games, and excessive hilarity) | |
| 592104595 | Fundamental Orders | a trailblazing document that established a regime that was democratically controlled by the "substantial" citizens |
