Chapters 1-4 of the 14th Edition of the American Pageant, based on a sophomore A.P U.S History class.
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| 1677442222 | Aztecs | in Mexico, genius civilizations, technology far in advance, corn - staple crop | 0 | |
| 1677442223 | Pueblo Indians | lived in the Rio Grand Valley, corn planting, irrigation systems, terraced homes built in rock | 1 | |
| 1677442224 | Nation States | dense concentration of population, not in North American until the settlers came | 2 | |
| 1677442225 | Mound Builders | in the Ohio Valley, the lower Midwestern Region, Anasazi people in the Southwest, used pueblo idea for civilization, buried their dead in the mounds | 3 | |
| 1677442226 | Three-sister farming | (beans, squash, and maize) beans grew on the cornstalks and squash retaining the moisture from the soiled, wet ground to help the corn and beans grow | 4 | |
| 1677442227 | Iroquois Confederacy | robust military alliance with five tribes (Mohawks, Oneidas, Onondagas, Cayugas and Senecas), fell apart during the American Revolution | 5 | |
| 1677442228 | Christian Crusaders | indirect discoveries of America (first, not actually Columbus or the Vikings), failed to regain the Holy Land from the Muslims (1/4 Crusades won), wanted silk, drugs, perfumes, draperies, spices and sugar (which were all very expensive in Europe) | 6 | |
| 1677442230 | Marco Polo | Italian explorer who "went" to China, but wrote a book detailing his discoveries, and really went to the Americas | 7 | |
| 1677442231 | Caravel | ship that could sail more closely to the wind (could thus travel and ship exports faster), developed mainly by Portugal mariners for fast transportation of goods and quick profit | 8 | |
| 1677442232 | Christopher Columbus | Italian explorer, America - actually landed in the Bahamas and saw and island, thought he had landed in the "Indies" (he was searching for India), the most successful failure ever | 9 | |
| 1677442235 | Treaty of Tordesillas | secured claim on Christopher Columbus's discovery, dividing the "heathen lands" unevenly between Spain and Portugal (Spain got more land and is the dominating power at this time) | 10 | |
| 1677442236 | Spanish Conquistadores | land conquerors for Spain who searched the Caribbean and the mainlands of the Americas | 11 | |
| 1677442237 | Vasco Nunez Balboa* | "discovered" the Pacific Ocean | 12 | |
| 1677442238 | Ferdinand Magellan | "discovered" the Strait of Magellan First to circumnavigate globe (died halfway) | 13 | |
| 1677442239 | Juan Ponce de Leon* | explored Florida, not the Fountain of Youth as commonly thought | 14 | |
| 1677442240 | Francisco Coronado | Spanish explorer of American South-West | 15 | |
| 1677442241 | Hernando de Soto* | discovered the Mississippi River | 16 | |
| 1677442242 | Francisco Pizarro | ruled Incas of Peru and gave money to Spanish coffers | 17 | |
| 1677442243 | Capitalism | economic system supplied by growth of money | 18 | |
| 1677442244 | Encomienda* | allowed government to command Native Americans to certain colonists to Christianize them | 19 | |
| 1677442245 | Hernan Cortez | left Cuba, and took over the Aztecs in a bloody battle, intermarried to create a culture | 20 | |
| 1677442246 | Mestizos* | people of mixed European and Indian heritage | 21 | |
| 1677442247 | John Cabot | finds Newfoundland (island in North Atlantic) - great fishing | 22 | |
| 1677442249 | Pope's Rebellion | Indian uprising due to forced religious customs where priests and Spanish settlers killed | 23 | |
| 1677442250 | Black Legend | French/English name for Spanish/colonies trips because of all disease spread and enslavement of blacks (banned 13th amendment) | 24 | |
| 1677442251 | Reformation | major 16th century European movement aimed initially at reforming the beliefs and practices of the Roman Catholic Church | 25 | |
| 1677442252 | Matrilineal | inheriting descent through the female line (Iroquois) | 26 | |
| 1677442253 | Spanish Armada | Spanish fleet crushed by England's fleet, England grew strong, but became burdened with surplus population (Feat of Spanish Armada storm hist channel when attacking because of British Pirates and devastates spanish fleet) | 27 | |
| 1677442254 | Primogeniture | eldest sons were eligible to inherit landed estates, caused bad luck in lone-wolf enterprises | 28 | |
| 1677442255 | Joint-Stock Company | enabled a number of investors to pool their money together | 29 | |
| 1677442256 | Virginia Company | a joint-stock company with a charter for a settlement in the New World, became Jamestown | 30 | |
| 1677442257 | Charter | legal document granted in the government to implement a stated purpose | 31 | |
| 1677442259 | Sir Walter Raleigh | organized the expedition that became Roanoke Island (fancied Elizabeth - convinces her to start permanent colony in America soutehern virginia/NC) | 32 | |
| 1677442260 | Roanoke Island | first failed English colony - 100 people | 33 | |
| 1677442261 | John Smith | saved Jamestown from starvation, kidnapped by Powhatan Indian Tribe (mock execution) and saved by chief's daughter Pocahontas | 34 | |
| 1677442262 | Pocahontas | created peace between the Indians and settlers, daughter of Powhatan, "saved" John Smith | 35 | |
| 1677442263 | Powhatan | Indian chief, created mock execution to display power over settlers | 36 | |
| 1677442265 | First Anglo-Powhatan War | Lord de la Warr against Indians (killed, burned, scalped, etc.), ended with marriage of John Rolfe and Pocahontas (1614) | 37 | |
| 1677442266 | John Rolfe | Pocahontas's husband, father of the sweet tobacco industry that saves Jamestown - son named Thomas | 38 | |
| 1677442267 | Second Anglo-Powhatan War | Indian's last effort to dislodge Virginians, epic failure | 39 | |
| 1677442269 | House of Burgesses | first parliament in America, representative government | 40 | |
| 1677442270 | Lord Baltimore | founded Maryland, governor, catholic haven | 41 | |
| 1677442273 | Act of Toleration | in Maryland, guaranteed toleration to Christians but death penalty to others (Jews, atheists, etc.) | 42 | |
| 1677442274 | Indentured Servants | in exchange for travel to America, bound men to a colonial employer for service for 7-10 years (recied land and money after) | 43 | |
| 1677442276 | Oliver Cromwell* | rebel civil war leader in England, ruled for almost a decade | 44 | |
| 1677442278 | Squatters* | groups of poverty stricken and religious dissenters living on land without legal right to the soil | 45 | |
| 1677442279 | James Oglethorpe | statesman who didn't want slavery in Georgia (founder), repelled Spanish attacks | 46 | |
| 1677442280 | Slave codes* | defined a slave's legal status and their mater's prerogatives | 47 | |
| 1677442287 | Mayflower Compact | (1620) agreement to form a majoritarian government in Plymouth,created a foundation of self-government in the colony | 48 | |
| 1677442288 | Massachusetts Bay Colony | established by non-separating Puritans, grew to be the largest and most influential of the New England colonies | 49 | |
| 1677442290 | Navigation Laws | series of laws passed to regulate colonial shipping;all imports and exports - England | 50 | |
| 1677442291 | Glorious/Bloodless Revolution | (1688) relatively peaceful overthrow of the unpopular Catholic monarch, James II, replacing him with William III and Mary, daughter of James II (showed that parliament had ultimate power) | 51 | |
| 1677442292 | Salutary Neglect | unofficial policy of relaxed royal control over colonial trade. Lasted from the Glorious Revolution to the end of the French and Indian War | 52 | |
| 1677442293 | Great Migration* | migration of seventy-thousand refugees from England to the North American colonies | 53 | |
| 1677442296 | John Calvin | religious leader influenced by Martin Luther-created his own religion, Calvinism (most influential of protestant theologians) | 54 | |
| 1677442297 | Calvinism | formed by John Calvin instigates that God is all-powerful and all knowing. Humans were weak and evil. He knew who was going to hell and who was going to heaven | 55 | |
| 1677442298 | Blue Laws | laws that regulate morality and personal behavior (PDA, drinking) | 56 | |
| 1677442299 | Fundamental Orders | document that established a regime that was democratically controlled by the "substantial" citizens (first constitution in Americas) | 57 | |
| 1677442300 | 3 parts of history | - Ancient - beginning of mankind - (collapse of Ancient Roman Empire) -Medieval - collapse of Roman Empire - invention of printing press -Modern - printing press - today | 58 | |
| 1677442301 | mayans | thrived during european middle ages - knowledge of math, solar system, and developed hieroglyphics (Spanish took over and destroyed library of knowledge in Central America) | 59 | |
| 1682994768 | Cherokee | Tennessee-south (still exists) democratic government since 1800 - always had two leaders (war time leaders/ peace time) | 60 | |
| 1682994769 | Modern European History | Renaissance (1400s) "rebirth" | 61 | |
| 1682994770 | Age of Ancient Discovery | Wars - Christians vs. Muslim (300 years) 7 major crusades (lost all but 1 - 3rd crusade - Richard the Lion Heart of England) | 62 | |
| 1682994771 | Discovery of America (why?) | Europe needs new trade route to Asia (Silk Road) - Portugal takes over sea expedition (sailing coast of Africa - Diaz makes to tip of Africa, Da Goma sails from Europe to Asia (10 years), Columbus - Portugal to America Oct. 12, 1492 (Nina, Pinta, Santa Maria)) | 63 | |
| 1682994772 | Amerigo Vespucci | sails to South America and makes map of what is seen, know new land mass is not Asia - America named for him | 64 | |
| 1682994773 | . | . | 65 | |
| 1682994774 | Lief Ericson | came to America around 1,000 and settle Canada | 66 | |
| 1682994775 | Magna Carta | signed 1215ish gave rights to Englishmen that monarchy couldn't take away | 67 | |
| 1682994776 | 3 families of England | Tudor - came to power 1485 Stuart - Hanover - | 68 | |
| 1682994777 | 1.King Henry VII 2.Henry VIII 3.Edward VI 4.Mary 5.Elizabeth 6.James I 7.Charles I 8.Oliver Cromwell 9.Charles II 10.James II 11. William and Mary 12. Anne 13.George I | 1.1485-1509 2.1509-1547 3.1547-1553 4.1553-1558 5.1558-1603 6.1603-1625 7.1625-49 8.1649-1660 9.1660-1685 10.1685-1688 11.1688-1702 12.1702-1714 (1485-1509-1547-1553-1558-1603-1625-1649-1660-1685-1688-1702-1714-?) | 69 | |
| 1691318310 | Columbus (date) | 1492 | 70 | |
| 1691318311 | Jamestown (date) | 1607 | 71 | |
| 1691318312 | Puritans - Massachusetts (date) | 1630 | 72 | |
| 1691318313 | first blacks and first women in America / House of Burgesses (date) | 1619 | 73 | |
| 1691318314 | Pilgrims come over (date) | 1620 | 74 | |
| 1691318315 | last Ice age ends (date) | 10,000BC | 75 | |
| 1691318316 | French and Indian War (date) | 1754-63 | 76 | |
| 1691318317 | Restoration of Monarchy in England (date) | 1660 | 77 | |
| 1691318318 | Glorious Revolution, William and Mary come to power, Enlgish King kicked out (date) | 1688 | 78 | |
| 1691318319 | Catherine and Henry VIII | intermarried Spain and England (originally older brother Arthur but died) | 79 | |
| 1691318320 | Civil War in England | cavaliers (supported Monarch, aristocrats) vs. roundheads (commoners, puritan, supported Parliament) - roundheads win by executing Charles I (new king elected) | 80 | |
| 1691318321 | 2 major things - James I | made english translation of bible, first permanent english colonies established | 81 | |
| 1691318322 | rebellion in 1776 because... | charter said same rights as englishmen, but not give | 82 | |
| 1691318323 | Jamestown (ships) | 3 ships - Discovery Susan, Constant, and Godspeed, tobacco becomes cash crop, saved by John Smith | 83 | |
| 1691318324 | Pilgrims | separatist protestants persecuted in england, went to holland but didn't like dutch speaking, colony in plymouth (lasts 70 years), sign mayflower compact for some legality - survive because Squanto | 84 | |
| 1691318325 | yankees | Algonquin for "white man", southerners - rebels; northerners - yankees | 85 | |
| 1691318326 | Habeous Corpus | "present body" government cannot arrest without evidence (no unjust imprisonmen) | 86 | |
| 1691318327 | Patriot Act | allows our government to arrest individuals without due process of the law if believed to be involved in terrorist activities | 87 | |
| 1691318328 | "the Old Pretender" | James Francis Stuart - catholic so never becomes king | 88 | |
| 1691318329 | British Parliament | Bicameral - House of Lords (not elected - aristocratic families have position for life) / House of Commons (elected) | 89 | |
| 1691318330 | Mercantilism | economic theory that colonies exist for the benefit of the mother country (wealth taken from colonies) | 90 | |
| 1691318331 | Colonies government | governor (chief executive - ran colony) + Colonial Assembly (bicameral - Legislative branch and judicial branch) | 91 | |
| 1691318332 | Royal Colonies | VA, NC, SC, NY, GA, NJ, NH, MA governor and upper chamber promoted by king, lower chamber elected by colonists | 92 | |
| 1691318333 | Proprietary colonies | PA, DE, MD owned by an aristocratic family | 93 | |
| 1691318334 | Self-governed colonies | RI, CT owned by no one | 94 | |
| 1691318335 | New England Colonies | MA, NH, CT, RI - puritans (massachusetts was settled first) free public edu to read bible, farming, fishing, lumbering | 95 | |
| 1691318336 | Middle Colonies | mixture of nationalities, fertile lands, produced surplus food | 96 | |
| 1691318337 | Southern Colonies | VA, MD, NC, SC, GA, most like Britain in social affairs, political affairs, and economy, based off tobacco and cotton | 97 | |
| 1691318338 | plantar class | people with social, economic, and political power (plantation owner) | 98 | |
| 1691318339 | New France | Canada, Quebec City, Champlain = "Father of Canada", tried not to interfere with natives except religion | 99 | |
| 1691318340 | Jesuits | order of the society of jesus, largest order of catholic priests, "black robes", | 100 | |
| 1691318341 | World religions | French - Catholic English - Protestant Spanish - Catholic | 101 | |
| 1691318342 | French and Indian War | "Seven Years War fighting over Ohio Valley (first global war) | 102 |
