CHAPTER 22, 23, 24, 26
Chapter 22 is cards 1-27
Chapter 23 is cards 28-55
Hardy Weinberg problems: 56-57
Chapter 24 is 58-71
Chapter 26 is 72-80
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| 1099822707 | Who wrote Descent with Modification? | Charles Darwin | 0 | |
| 1099822708 | What is a virus that uses reverse transcriptase to invade a cell? | HIV | 1 | |
| 1099944132 | What did Aristotle believe about the Great Chain of Being? | All forms of natural phenomenon exist on a hierarchical scale | 2 | |
| 1099944133 | What did Plato believe about the Great Chain of Being? | God created all possible forms of life | 3 | |
| 1099944134 | Georges Cuvier developed what type of study that paved the new way for new ideas about species relationships? | Paleontology | 4 | |
| 1099944135 | What is catastrophism? | The theory that Earth was created by sudden, violet events to cause change | 5 | |
| 1099944136 | Who concluded Earth must be MILLIONS of years old? | Charles Lyell. Used rock sediment and Principles of Geology to support uniformitarianism. | 6 | |
| 1099944137 | What was Lamarck's Theory of Evolution? | He hypothesized that species evolve through use and disuse and the inheritance of acquired traits . | 7 | |
| 1099944138 | Who wrote "On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection? | Charles Darwin. | 8 | |
| 1099944139 | Where did Darwin study on his voyage? | South America, Galapagos Islands | 9 | |
| 1099944140 | What did Darwin observe about different types of birds on the Galapagos Islands? | Their beaks were shaped differently depending on what they eat regularly for a meal. | 10 | |
| 1099944141 | What did Malthus believe about humans "struggle for resistance"? | human beings are involved in an intense "struggle for existence," competing for the limited resources. | 11 | |
| 1099944142 | What were the 2 major points in Darwin's book? | 1. Descent with Modification 2. Natural selection | 12 | |
| 1099944143 | What will happen to populations for any species when it comes to Natural Selection and Adaptation? | Population size would increase exponentially. | 13 | |
| 1099944144 | True or False: Populations tend to be stable in size according to Natural Selection and Adaptation. | TRUE | 14 | |
| 1099944145 | True or False: In Natural Selection, Environmental resources are not limited and there is no struggle for existence. | FALSE. Resources ARE limited and this is a struggle with only a fraction of offspring surviving. | 15 | |
| 1099944146 | True or False: Two individuals in a population are exactly alike. | False: Members of a population vary extensively in their characteristics | 16 | |
| 1099944147 | In the theory of Natural selection, what made variation occur? | Inheritable genes. This is because some individuals leave more offspring than other individuals. | 17 | |
| 1099944148 | How could those supporting the Darwinian view predict evolutionary transitions? | Signs in the fossil record. | 18 | |
| 1099944149 | What was different about the Homo habilis species? | Reduced tooth size Presence of a precision grip | 19 | |
| 1099944150 | Where was Homo erectus found and what did they discover? | Found in Africa and discovered fire. | 20 | |
| 1099944151 | How long ago did we have the First modern Homo sapiens? | 200- 150,000 years ago. | 21 | |
| 1099944152 | What Act kept Evolution from schools? | The Butler Act | 22 | |
| 1099944153 | What was Epperson vs. Arkansas? | Case in 1968 that made it illegal to prohibit teaching a subject due to religious conflict. Ruled to be an unconstitutional bill, and repealed with this case. | 23 | |
| 1099944154 | What was the Equal Time Law? | Said in 1973 that schools would teach both Evolution and Creationism side by side. Later repealed for being unconstitutional | 24 | |
| 1099944155 | What law do we currently follow regarding Evolution in schools? | "Academic Freedom" laws. The governing body of a school corporation may require the teaching of various theories concerning the origin of life, including creation science, within the school corporation. | 25 | |
| 1099944156 | What are the three requirements for an idea to be a scientific theory? | 1) based on natural law 2) testable 3) conclusions from a scientific theory are tentative. | 26 | |
| 1099944157 | What are four causes of the evolution of populations? | Gene pool Genotype frequency Allele frequency Hardy - Weinberg | 27 | |
| 1099944158 | What is essential for and measures evolution? | Genetic variation in populations | 28 | |
| 1099944159 | What is Modern Synthesis? | Comprehensive theory of evolution that integrated ideas from many fields. | 29 | |
| 1099944160 | population | Is a localized group of individuals that are capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring | 30 | |
| 1099944161 | What is a gene pool? | -total aggregate of genes in a population at any one time -all gene loci in all individuals of the population | 31 | |
| 1099944162 | What increases the chances of a gene being present/reflected in the gene pool? | Abundance or frequency of a trait | 32 | |
| 1099944163 | What type of population does Hardy Weinberg describe? A population that is evolving or a population that is not evolving? | A population that is not evolving. They are in equilibrium. | 33 | |
| 1099944164 | If future population variation does NOT match what you predicted with the Hardy Weinberg Equation, you know that: | EVOLUTION is occurring You can measure HOW QUICKLY evolution is occurring. And you can begin to pinpoint possible CAUSES and the DIRECTION of that evolutionary change. | 34 | |
| 1099944165 | What are the five conditions for Hardy-Weinberg? And are these met in nature? | Extremely large population size No gene flow No mutations Random mating No natural selection | 35 | |
| 1099944166 | what does: p+q=1 measure? | Allele frequency. | 36 | |
| 1099944167 | If p=0.8, what is the amount of p alleles in the next generation? | Solve by saying p^2. 0.8x0.8=0.64/ This means that the next generation will have 64% of that allele in the next generation. | 37 | |
| 1099944168 | (p x q) + (p x q) =2pq | Use when finding the likelihood of a gene to determine its frequency | 38 | |
| 1099944169 | What is the equation for genotype frequencies? | p^2 + 2pq + q | 39 | |
| 1100150065 | Researchers examining a particular gene in a fruit fly population discovered that the gene can have either of two slightly different sequences, designated A1 and A2. Further tests showed that 70% of the gametes produced in the population contained the A1 sequence. If the population is at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium: what proportion of the flies carries both A1 and A2? | -0.70 A1 0.30 A2 ---A1 A2? -p2 + 2pq + q2 -2 (0.70 x 0.30) = 0.42 | 40 | |
| 1100150066 | In a certain herd of cattle 20 have red coat (RR), 30 are roan (Rr), and 50 are white (rr). What is the frequency of the R Allele? a. 0.35 b. 0.5 c. 0.65 d. 0.7 e. 0.8 | a. 0.35 | 41 | |
| 1100150067 | What does inbreeding cause? | Decreased genetic diversity. There will be an increase in Homozygosity and a decrease in Heterogenocity. Also leads to a decrease in fitness. | 42 | |
| 1100150068 | What size population can cause a genetic drift? | small. | 43 | |
| 1100150069 | Does Genetic drift cause decrease in genetic diversity? | Yes | 44 | |
| 1100150070 | What is the Bottleneck Effect? | It can occur when someone could try to join the escape from somewhere, but no one gets out . | 45 | |
| 1100150071 | This resulted from the movement of fertile individuals or gametes in migration? | Gene Flow. | 46 | |
| 1100150072 | What is the name of an effective population size? | Metapopulation | 47 | |
| 1100150073 | What is a mutation? | -changes in the nucleotide sequence of DNA -Caused NEW alleles to arise -random process | 48 | |
| 1100150074 | Sickle cell anemia is a disease that is an example of a __________ in DNA. Developing in its appearance in a person's genes. | Mutation. Sickle cell anemia caused by a point mutation in the hemoglobin beta gene found on chromosome 11. The alteration is the basis of all the problems that occur in people with sickle cell disease | 49 | |
| 1100150075 | What is a point mutation? | is a change in one base in a gene | 50 | |
| 1100150076 | What are the three types of selection? | 1.) Directional 2.) Stabilizing 3.) Disruptive | 51 | |
| 1100150077 | What type of selection favors individuals at both extremes of the phenotypic range, Does not favor intermediates, and has Specialization? | Disruptive Selection | 52 | |
| 1100150078 | What type of selection Favors intermediate variants and acts against extreme phenotypes, is an example of Birth weight of human babies? | Stabilizing selection | 53 | |
| 1100150079 | TRUE OR FALSE:: Direction of selection can change over time | TRUE | 54 | |
| 1100343960 | 1. If 9% of an African population is born with a severe form of sickle-cell anemia (ss), what percentage of the population will be more resistant to malaria because they are heterozygous(Ss) for the sickle-cell gene? A. 0.3 or 30 % B. 0.42 or 42% C. 0.7 or 70% D. 0.5 or 50% E. 0.78 or 78% | D.50% or 0.5 Because: ss=9% SS=91% Ss= (ss/2)+(Ss)/2 use p+q=1 to find p | 55 | |
| 1100343961 | In fruit flies, the red allele is dominant to the allele for sepia eyes. In a certain population of 1000 fruit flies, 640 flies have red eyes while the remainder have sepia eyes. How many individuals would you expect to be homozygous dominant for red eye color? A. 160 B. 240 C. 640 D.750 E. 1000 | B.) 240 640-400=240 | 56 | |
| 1100343962 | What is the source of biological diversity? | Speciation | 57 | |
| 1100343963 | What are the two patterns of Speciation? | anagenesis cladogenesis | 58 | |
| 1100387550 | What are the two types of Cladogenesis? | Sympatric Allopatric | 59 | |
| 1100387551 | What is allopatric speciation? | Allopatric speciation, also known as geographic speciation, is the phenomenon whereby biological populations are physically isolated by an extrinsic barrier and evolve intrinsic (genetic) reproductive isolation, such that if the barrier breaks down, individuals of the populations can no longer interbreed. Evolutionary biologists agree that allopatry is a common method by which new species arise | 60 | |
| 1100387552 | What is sympatric speciation? | Sympatric speciation is the genetic divergence of various populations (from a single parent species) inhabiting the same geographic region, such that those populations become different species. populations undergoing sympatric speciation are not geographically isolated by, for example, a mountain or a river. | 61 | |
| 1100387553 | what is anagenesis? | species formation without branching of the evolutionary line of descent | 62 | |
| 1100387554 | what is cladogenesis? | the formation of a new group of organisms or higher taxon by evolutionary divergence from an ancestral form. | 63 | |
| 1100387555 | What is a cause that we know of accounting for speciation? | Two most recent glacial events when ice melted and caused some parts of land to be isolated and cause allopatric speciation. | 64 | |
| 1100387556 | What is Reproductive Isolation? | biological factors that impede members of two species from producing viable, fertile hybrids | 65 | |
| 1100387557 | What is Adaptive Radiation? | evolution of diversely adapted species from a common ancestor upon introduction to new environmental opportunities. ex.) One ancestor with MANY daughter species | 66 | |
| 1100387558 | What is an example of sympatric speciation in plants? | hybridization Polyploidy | 67 | |
| 1100387559 | What is Estimated to have contributed to the evolution of half of plant species? | Polypolidy | 68 | |
| 1100387560 | What are episodes where species appear suddenly, persist unchanged, and then apparently disappear? | punctuated equilibrium | 69 | |
| 1100387561 | What meteorite impact flattened 80 million trees? | 1908: Tungusca | 70 | |
| 1100480768 | What is phylogeny? | evolutionary history of a species or group of related species | 71 | |
| 1100480769 | Who developed phylogenetic systematics? | Willi Hennig | 72 | |
| 1100480770 | How are groups recognized in a phylogeny? | Groups are recognized by sharing unique features which were not present in distant ancestors | 73 | |
| 1100480771 | How can phylogenetic history be inferred? | morphological and molecular similarities | 74 | |
| 1100480772 | Who developed taxonomy? | Carolus Linnaeus | 75 | |
| 1100951762 | How do you write Pathera pardus in binomial nomenclature? | underline Pathera pardus; usually it is italicized | 76 | |
| 1100951763 | what is a a monophyletic group? | Group is made up of an ancestral species and all of its descendant species | 77 | |
| 1100951764 | What is a clade? | Is defined as a group of species that includes a single ancestral species and all its descendants | 78 | |
| 1100951765 | True or false: synapomorphy is a derived character that is shared by all the members of the clade. | TRUE | 79 |
