Franklin D. Roosevelt and the Shadow of War, 1933-1941
America in World War II, 1941-1945
The Cold War Begins, 1945-1952
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| 730784400 | London Conference | Conference in 1933 subverted by FDR's attempts to protect US dollars from deflation | |
| 730784401 | Great Depression | the economic crisis beginning with the stock market crash in 1929 and continuing through the 1930s | |
| 730784402 | Cordell Hull | United States diplomat who did the groundwork for creating the United Nations (1871-1955) | |
| 730784403 | Tydings- McDuffie Act | for the independence of the Philippines. let Phillipines become free after 12 year transition time | |
| 730784404 | Good Neighbor Policy | FDR's foreign policy of promoting better relations w/Latin America by using economic influence rater than military force in the region | |
| 730784405 | Seventh Pan-American Conference | 1933 conference held in Montevideo, Uruguay; U.S. delegation formally endorsed nonintervention in Latin America | |
| 730784406 | Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act | these reversed the high protective tariffs, amending tariff laws providing that countries established similar laws in return | |
| 730784407 | Joseph Stalin | Russian leader who succeeded Lenin as head of the Communist Party and created a totalitarian state by purging all opposition (1879-1953) | |
| 730784408 | Benito Mussolini | Italian fascist dictator | |
| 730784409 | Adolph Hitler | Nazi dictator of Germany during WWII | |
| 730784410 | Rome-Berlin Axis | 1936 The alliance between Italy and Germany (Mussolini and Hitler) | |
| 730784411 | Ethiopia | Mussolini invaded, conquering it in 1936. The League of Nations failed to take any effective action against Mussolini, and the U.S. just looked on. | |
| 730784412 | Neutrality Acts | 4 laws passed in the late 1930s that were designed to keep the US out of international incidents | |
| 730784413 | Francisco Franco | Spanish general whose armies took control of Spain in 1939 and who ruled as a dictator until his death (1892-1975) | |
| 730784414 | Quarantine Speech | 1937 - In this speech Franklin D. Roosevelt compared Fascist aggression to a contagious disease, saying democracies must unite to quarantine aggressor nations. | |
| 730784415 | Panay incident | 1937 - On the Yantze River in China, Japanese aircraft sank an American gunboat escorting tankers. The U.S. accepted Japan's apologies. | |
| 730784416 | Rhineland | name of the territory in which Hitler sent troops into in defiance of the Versailles treaty in 1935. | |
| 730784417 | Munich Conference | 1938 Meeting between Germany, Italy, Great Britain, and France that gave Hitler the Sudetenland | |
| 730784418 | Neville Chamberlain | Prime Minister of Great Britain from -1940. Famous for appeasing Hitler at the Munich Conference. | |
| 730784419 | Cash and carry | the policy whereby the British brought money to buy materials they needed for the war | |
| 730784420 | Battle of Britain | German air forces invaded Britain but the British Royal Air Force drove them out with the help of the new invention radar | |
| 730784421 | America First Committee | Group formed in 1940 by isolationists to block further aid to Britain | |
| 730784422 | Lend-Lease Act | 1941 law that authorized the president to aid any nation whose defense he believed was vital to American security | |
| 730784423 | Atlantic Conference | Churchill secretly met with Roosevelt to discuss common problems | |
| 730784424 | Atlantic Charter | Agreement signed by President Franklin Roosevelt and Prime Minister Winston Churchill in 1941 outlining the two nations' war aims (similar to 14 points) -no territorial changes contrary to natives' wishes -self-determination -disarmament and peace of security, League of Nations | |
| 730784425 | Pearl Harbor | United States military base on Hawaii that was bombed by Japan, bringing the United States into World War II. Pearl Harbor was attacked on December 7, 1941. | |
| 731614042 | Korematsu v. US | Supreme Court case which upheld the relocation of Japanese to internment camps 1944 | |
| 731614043 | Henry J Kaiser | Leading American industrialist and shipbuilder during World War II, "Sir Launchalot" | |
| 731614044 | War Production Board | WWII government agency that decided which companies would make war materials and how to distribute raw materials | |
| 731614045 | Office of Price Administration | WWII Office that installs price controls on essential items to prevent inflation | |
| 731614046 | WAACS | Women's Auxiliary Army Corps,clerical and support positions (truck drivers, nurses, pilots) | |
| 731614047 | WAVES | Women Appointed for Volunteer Emergency Service in the Navy | |
| 731614048 | SPARS | women serving in the Coast Guard | |
| 731614049 | Bracero Program | plan that brought laborers from Mexico to work on American farms. | |
| 731614050 | baby boom | the larger than expected generation in United States born shortly after World War II | |
| 731614051 | Sunbelt | states in the south and southwest that have a warm climate and tend to be politically conservative | |
| 731614052 | NAACP | National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, founded in 1909 to work for racial equality | |
| 731614053 | CORE | Congress of Racial Equality, founded 1942 | |
| 731614054 | code talkers | Indians who transmitted messages in their native languages; languages which the Germans and Japanese could not understand | |
| 731614055 | Gen. Douglas MacArthur | He was the commanding general in the Pacific. He was likewise the leader of occupying forces that entered Japan. | |
| 731614056 | Midway Island | pivotal battle won by Admiral Nimitz, it deprived Japan of a strategic base and without which the US might have been compelled to negotiate a cease fire in the Pacific | |
| 731614057 | Admiral Chester W Nimitz | naval strategist who lead a smaller carrier at Coral Sea and Midway; commander of Pacific fleet. Led under Admiral Raymond A. Spruance, against the powerful invading Japanese fleet. | |
| 731614058 | Island hopping | WWII strategy of conquering only certain Pacific islands that were important to the Allied advance toward Japan | |
| 731614059 | El Alamein | Town in Egypt, site of the victory by Britain's Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery over German forces led by General Erwin Rommel (the 'Desert Fox') in 1942-1943 | |
| 731614060 | soft underbelly | Instead of the Allies invading Nazi-held France, they attacked the German's in North Africa and then Italy. | |
| 731614061 | Casablanca Conference | January 1943 conference between FDR and Churchill that produces Unconditional Surrender doctrine | |
| 731614062 | Tehran Conference | Meeting among leaders of the United States, Britain, and the Soviet Union in 1943; agreed to the opening of a new front in France | |
| 731614063 | D Day | June 6, 1944 - Led by Eisenhower, over a million troops (the largest invasion force in history) stormed the beaches at Normandy and began the process of re-taking France. The turning point of World War II. | |
| 731614064 | Gen. George S Patton | United States , led U.S. troops across the French countryside during D-Day. | |
| 731614065 | Thomas E Dewey | the Governor of New York (1943-1955) and the unsuccessful Republican candidate for the U.S. Presidency in 1944 and 1948 | |
| 731614066 | Harry S Truman | President of the US after Roosevelt's death; approved the use of the atomic bomb against Japan | |
| 731614067 | Battle of the Bulge | World War II battle in December 1944 between Germany and Allied troops that was the last German offensive in the West. | |
| 731614068 | V-E Day | May 8, 1945; victory in Europe Day when the Germans surrendered | |
| 731614069 | Iwo Jima | a bloody and prolonged operation in which American marines landed and defeated Japanese defenders | |
| 731614070 | kamikaze | a fighter plane used for suicide missions by Japanese pilots in World War II | |
| 731614071 | Potsdam Conference | Conference which issued an ultimatum to the Japanese: surrender or be destroyed 1945 | |
| 731614072 | Manhattan Project | code name for the secret United States project set up in 1942 to develop atomic bombs for use in World War II | |
| 731614073 | Hiroshima | City in Japan, the first to be destroyed by an atomic bomb, on August 6, 1945. The bombing hastened the end of World War II. | |
| 731614074 | Nagasaki | Japanese city in which the second atomic bomb was dropped (August 9, 1945). | |
| 731614075 | Emperor Hirohito | emperor of Japan during WWII, his people viewed him as a god | |
| 731614076 | USS Missouri | site of Emperor Hirohito's surrender to General Douglas MacArthur on September 2, 1945 | |
| 731614077 | penicillin | resulted in few deaths from disease and infection | |
| 752827928 | Taft-Hartley Act | allowed states to outlaw the "closed shop" unions, boycotts by unions; allowed the pres to call for an 80 day cooling period before a strike | |
| 752827929 | Employment Act of 1946 | made it government policy to "promote maximum employment, production, and purchasing power," and created the Council of Economic Advisors | |
| 752827930 | GI Bill of Rights | Also known as Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944 gave money to veternas to study in colleges, universities, gave medical treatment, loans to buy a house or farm or start a new business | |
| 752827931 | Dr. Benjamin Spock | Was a 1950's doctor who told the whole baby boom generation how to raise their kids. He also said that raising them was more important and rewarding than extra $ would be. | |
| 752827932 | Federal Housing Authority | Established by FDR during the depression in order to provide low-cost housing coupled with sanitary condition for the poor. (cheaper to live in suburbs than in city apartments) | |
| 752827933 | Veteran's Administration | A federal agency that administers benefits provided by law for veterans of the armed forces. | |
| 752827934 | Levittown | New York suburb where postwar builders pioneered the techniques of mass home construction | |
| 752827935 | Missouri Gang | Trumans cabinet whom were friends from senator job in missouri | |
| 752827936 | Big Three | allies during WWII; Soviet Union - Stalin, United Kingdom - Churchill, United States - Roosevelt | |
| 752827937 | Yalta Convention | 1945 - the Big 3 met to make plans for the end of the war | |
| 752827938 | Chiang Kai-shek | Leader of the Chinese Nationalist Party after 1925 | |
| 752827939 | Cold War | The ideological struggle between communism (Soviet Union) and capitalism (United States) for world influence. The Soviet Union and the United States came to the brink of actual war during the Cuban missile crisis but never attacked one another. | |
| 752827940 | Bretton Woods | 1944 meeting of 45 Allied nations to create International Monetary Fund and World Bank - encouraged world trade by regulating currency exchange rates | |
| 752827941 | United Nations | International organization founded in 1945 to promote world peace and cooperation. It replaced the League of Nations. | |
| 752827942 | Security Council | Five permanent members( US, UK, France, China, USSR) with veto power in the UN. Promised to carry out UN decisions with their own forces. | |
| 752827943 | Israel | This country was formed in 1947 by the United Nations to give Jews a homeland. | |
| 752827944 | Bernard Baruch | called for a United Nations, free from veto, with worldwide authority over atomic energy, weapons and research | |
| 752827945 | Nuremberg Trials | Twenty-two Nazi leaders were tried for war crime and found legally responsible for their actions during wartime | |
| 752827946 | Berlin Airlift | airlift in 1948 that supplied food and fuel to citizens of West Berlin when the Russians closed off land access to Berlin | |
| 752827947 | containment policy | US policy to stop expansion of Soviet Union and Communism | |
| 752827948 | Truman Doctrine | President Truman's policy of providing economic and military aid to any country threatened by communism or totalitarian ideology | |
| 752827949 | George C Marshall | Secretary of State, in charge of state department during and after WW2, came up with the Marshall Plan | |
| 752827950 | Marshall Plan | a United States program of economic aid for the reconstruction of Europe (1948-1952) | |
| 752827951 | European Community | an international organization of European countries formed after World War II to reduce trade barriers and increase cooperation among its members | |
| 752827952 | National Security Act | Passed in 1947 in response to perceived threats from the Soviet Union after WWII. It established the Department of Defense and the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and National Security Council. | |
| 752827953 | Central Intelligence Agency | an agency created after World War 2 to coordinate American intelligence activities abroad, conspiracy, and meddling as well. | |
| 752827954 | Selective Service System | The system used in the United States to draft young people into armed service, including the Vietnam War. | |
| 752827955 | NATO | an international organization created in 1949 by the North Atlantic Treaty for purposes of collective security | |
| 752827956 | Warsaw Pact | An alliance between the Soviet Union and other Eastern European nations. This was in response to the NATO | |
| 752827957 | Mao Zedong | Chairman of China's Communist Party and de facto ruler of China From 1949 until his death in 1976. | |
| 752827958 | Smith Act | 1940 act which made it illegal to speak of or advocate overthrowing the U.S. government. Was used by Truman 11 times to prosecute suspected Communists | |
| 752827959 | Dennis v United States | 1951, made it illegal to advocate or teach the overthrow of the government by force or belong to an organization with this objective. (upheld the Smith Act of 1940) | |
| 752827960 | Committee on Un-American Activities | U.S. House of Rep. committee that took the lead in investigating alleged pro-communist agents such as Alger Hiss | |
| 752827961 | Alger Hiss | A former State Department official who was accused of being a Communist spy and was convicted of perjury. The case was prosecuted by Richard Nixon. | |
| 752827962 | Joseph R. McCarthy | Led a crusade to investigate officials he claimed were Communists | |
| 752827963 | Julius and Ethel Rosenberg | two American citizens convicted of espionage and executed in 1951 | |
| 752827964 | Dixiecrats | Southern Democrats who opposed Truman's position on civil rights. They caused a split in the Democratic party. | |
| 752827965 | Point Four | Truman's bold new program to lend money and technical aid to under developed countries so that they would not succumb to communism | |
| 752827966 | Fair Deal | Truman's extension of the New Deal that increased min wage, expanded Social Security, and constructed low-income housing | |
| 752827967 | NSC-68 | A document that pushed for a large build up of the U.S military. It allowed the U.S to quickly build up its military for the Korean conflict. | |
| 752827968 | 38th Parallel | Line that divided Korea - Soviet Union occupied the north and United States occupied the south, during the Cold War. |
