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| 159939392 | Brettonwood NH | 1944; western allies conference; established the International Monetary Fund (IMF) to encourage world trade by regulating currency exchange rates; also founded the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (World Bank) to promote economic growth in war-ravaged and underdeveloped areas; U.A. took the lead and Soviets declined to participate | |
| 159939393 | Nixon | "Tricky Dick"; Committee on Un-American Activities member- accused Alger Hiss of being commie agent; California senator before vp (distinguished himself as a relentless red-hunter); denounced his opponents in 1952 election; "slush fund"- Eisenhower considered pulling him from ticket in 1952- stayed on with "Checkers speech"; vp for 1952 and 1956 (Republican); elected president in 1968 and 1972 | |
| 159939394 | Defense | National Security Act in 1947- Dept. of Defense; National Security Council; CIA; NATO | |
| 159939395 | Japan | MacArthur was in control of reconstruction and democrazition; top war criminals were tried in Tokyo from 1946 to 1948- 18 were sentenced to prison terms and 7 were hanged; constitution adopted in 1946 | |
| 159939396 | MacArthur | led reconstruction in Japan; commander in Korean War | |
| 159939397 | Sunbelt | 15 state area stretching in a smiling crescent from Virginia through Florida and Texas to Arizona and California | |
| 159939398 | Brown v. Board | May 1954; segregation in public schools unconstitutional | |
| 159939399 | G.I. Bill of Rights | aka Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944; made generous provisions for sending the former soldiers to school; the majority attended techincal and vocational schools, but colleges and universities were crowded with more than 2 million ex-GIs; total spent- $14.5 billion; also enabled VA to guarantee about $16 billion in loans for veterans to buy homes, farms, and small businesses; nurtured the robust and long-lived economic expansion | |
| 159939400 | Sputnik | First artificial Earth satellite, it was launched by Moscow in 1957 and sparked U.S. fears of Soviet dominance in technology and outer space. It led to the creation of NASA and the space race. | |
| 159939401 | Berlin | divided into sectors; deep within Soviet control; USSR broke rail and highway access | |
| 159939402 | RAND | ... | |
| 159939403 | Dulles | Sec of State; policy of boldness- army and navy would take back seat, air force would be equipped with atomic bombs; created SEATO | |
| 159939404 | Eisenhower | later became president of the US, went to Korea as part of his campaign promise before he went into office to see what he could do to get US out. Interstate highway act, continued all major NEW DEAL plans like-Social Security. He expanded its programs and rolled them into a new cabinet-level agency, the Department of Health, Education and Welfare, while extending benefits to an additional ten million workers. | |
| 159939405 | Khrushchev | rejected Ike's proposals for peace at Geneva summit conference in 1955; denounced Stalin's bloody excesses | |
| 159939406 | Diehm | ... | |
| 159939407 | 1BM | ... | |
| 159939408 | U2 | ... | |
| 159939409 | Kennedy | His dream to land on moon by 1970 was achieved b/c of NASA; he and Khrushchev took us to the brink of nuclear war; he was assasinated in Nov. 1963; led during Cuban Missile Crisis | |
| 159939410 | Suez Canal | a ship canal in northeastern Egypt linking the Red Sea with the Mediterranean Sea; at first controlled by france and britian; american wanted to help but egypt began flirting with commies- america removed help- egypt made canal available to all | |
| 159939411 | Castro | Cuban socialist leader who overthrew a dictator in 1959 and established a Marxist socialist state in Cuba (born in 1927) | |
| 159939412 | Greece | country which was the immediate beneficiary of the Truman Doctrine | |
| 159939413 | Stalin | Russian leader who succeeded Lenin as head of the Communist Party and created a totalitarian state by purging all opposition (1879-1953); led USSR through WWII | |
| 159939414 | Keenan | containment doctrine | |
| 159939415 | Productivity | increased due to more oil, electricity, and education | |
| 159939416 | Billy Graham | One of the most popular evangelical ministers of the era. Star of the first televised "crusades" for religious revival. He believed that all doubts about the literal interpretation of the bible were traps set by Satan. He supported Republicans and a large increase to money in the military. | |
| 159939417 | Ho Chi Minh | ads1950s and 60s; communist leader of North Vietnam; used geurilla warfare to fight anti-comunist, American-funded attacks under the Truman Doctrine; brilliant strategy drew out war and made it unwinnable | |
| 159939418 | Martin Luther King Jr. | U.S. Baptist minister and civil rights leader. A noted orator, he opposed discrimination against blacks by organizing nonviolent resistance and peaceful mass demonstrations. He was assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee. Nobel Peace Prize (1964) | |
| 159939419 | Warren | United States jurist who served as chief justice of the United States Supreme Court (1891-1974) | |
| 159939420 | Thurmond | South Carolina governor nominated by the Southern Democrats on a States' Rights Party ticket | |
| 159939421 | SEATO | An international organization for collective defense, primarily created to block further Communist gains in Southeast Asia. | |
| 159939422 | NATO | Organization formed in 1949 as a military alliance of western European and North American states against the Soviet Union and its east European allies. | |
| 159939423 | Friedan | The Feminine Mystique- 1963; protest at the stifling boredom of suburban housewifery | |
| 159939424 | Rustbelt | urban areas in New England and Middle West characterized by concentrations of declining industries (steel or textiles) | |
| 159939425 | Hoffa | Leader of the teamsters who did jail time and disappeared, the rumor being that he had been killed by gangsters | |
| 159939426 | HUAC | a congressional Committee that investigated Commmunist influence inside and outside the US gov. after WWII | |
| 159939427 | UN | an organization of independent states formed in 1945 to promote international peace and security | |
| 159939428 | Marshall | United States general and statesman who as Secretary of State organized the European Recovery Program (1880-1959) | |
| 159939429 | Truman Doctrine | President Truman's policy of providing economic and military aid to any country threatened by communism or totalitarian ideology | |
| 159939430 | Convienance | tvs, cars, radios, fast food rest., washing machines, etc... | |
| 159939431 | Baby Boom | Population of individuals born between the years 1946 and 1964 (after WWII) | |
| 159939432 | Stalemate | A situation in which no progress can be made or no advancement is possible | |
| 159939433 | Fallout shelters | In the 1950's, fearful of the possibility of a nuclear attack, some Americans build these to house and protect themselves from nuclear radiation. | |
| 159939434 | Cold War | cold in the sense that no shooting broke out between the two great power rivals; howver, US did fight in two shooting wars, in Korea in the 1950s and Vietnam in the 1960s | |
| 159939435 | Joseph McCarthy | 1950s; Wisconsin senator claimed to have list of communists in American gov't, but no credible evidence; took advantage of fears of communism post WWII to become incredibly influential | |
| 159939436 | Beatniks | a United States youth subculture of the 1950s that rebelled against the mundane horrors of middle class life. | |
| 159939437 | Yalta | when FDR, Churchill, and Stalin meet; they agreed to wage war on Japan, to divide Germany into 4 equal parts, on the big 5's veto, and to hold free elections for the liberated countries | |
| 159939438 | Containment | idea used to fight communism (sorta) | |
| 159939439 | Berlin Wall | A fortified wall surrounding West Berlin, Germany, built in 1961 to prevent East German citizens from traveling to the West. Its demolition in 1989 symbolized the end of the Cold War. This wall was both a deterrent to individuals trying to escape and a symbol of repression to the free world. | |
| 159939440 | Stevenson | democrat nominated for pres. in 1952 and 1956 | |
| 159939441 | Teenagers | "youth culture"; baby boom; want to escape parents conformity | |
| 159939442 | Iran | Stalin wanted to stay in this country to gain more oil- helped rebellions; beagn to resist U.S. control of oil- CIA enginneered coup in 1953 to install the shah as a dictator- later people took revenge on shah and american allies | |
| 159939443 | Fair Deal | An economic extension of the New Deal proposed by Harry Truman that called for higher minimum wage, housing and full employment. It led only to the Housing Act of 1949 and the Social Security Act of 1950 due to opposition in congress. | |
| 159939444 | Wallace | Progressive nominee in 1948; Pied Piper of the Politburo | |
| 159939445 | Iron Curtain | refers to the secrecy and isolation of the Soviet Union and its satellite states, East Germany, Hungary, and Poland, after World War II. The phrase was first used by Winston Churchill while he was giving a speech in the United States. | |
| 159939446 | "Middle Road" | ... | |
| 159939447 | Marshall Plan | Introduced by Secretary of State George G. Marshall in 1947, he proposed massive and systematic American economic aid to Europe to revitalize the European economies after WWII and help prevent the spread of Communism. | |
| 159939448 | Berlin Airlift | Successful effort by the United States and Britain to ship by air 2.3 million tons of supplies to the residents of the Western-controlled sectors of Berlin from June 1948 to May 1949, in response to a Soviet blockade of all land and canal routes to the divided city. | |
| 159939449 | NSC-68 | A National Security Council document, approved by President Truman in 1950, developed in response to the Soviet Union's growing influence and nuclear capability; it called for an increase in the US conventional and nuclear forces to carry out the policy of containment | |
| 159939450 | White Flight | working and middle-class white people move away from racial-minority suburbs or inner-city neighborhoods to white suburbs and exurbs | |
| 159939451 | Brinkmanship | A 1956 term used by Secretary of State John Dulles to describe a policy of risking war in order to protect national interests | |
| 159939452 | Cuba | Fidel Castro gained control after guerrilla warfare against the Bartistas. He turned to the Soviet Union for support and trade and started conducting communism. The US cut of trade and diplomatic relations as a result. | |
| 159939453 | McDonalds & Coca-Cola | leisure opened up by cars; fast | |
| 159939454 | Planned Obsolencence | ... | |
| 159939455 | The Man in the Gray Flannel Suit | Sloan Wilson; postwar generation portrayed as pack of conformists | |
| 159939456 | Hollywood 10 | actors writers ect. accused of comm. who refused to submit to HUAC-jailed and blacklisted for their "crimes" | |
| 159939457 | Conformity | everyone moved to suburbs=> became "individual" (essecially became this) | |
| 159939458 | Rosenbergs | Husband and wife tried/executed for treason under suspecision of communist influence and trading atomic bomb secrets with the Soviet Union; 1954 | |
| 159939459 | McCarthyism/ Spy Mania | modern day witch hunt in which careers were capsized adn lives ruined by reckless accusations of communist sympathizing; FBI enroached on sacred American liberties in its zeal to uncover communist "subversives" | |
| 159939460 | Warsaw Pact | The 1955 treaty binding the Soviet Union and countries of eastern Europe in an alliance against the North Atlantic Treaty Organization | |
| 159939461 | Mutual Destruction/ Massive Retaliation | promise of instant atomic bomb retailation; point behind Cold War | |
| 159939462 | Jaing Jieshi | replaced Sun Yixian as leader of Kuomintang; tried to wipe out communist party; overthrown by Mao Zedong | |
| 159939463 | Mao Zedong | 1893-1976, Chinese Communist leader: chairman of the Peoples Republic of China 1949-59; chairman of the Chinese Communist party 1943-76. | |
| 159939464 | Arms Race | The competition between countries (specifically, between the USA and USSR during the Cold War) for superiority in the number and power of weapons held. | |
| 159939465 | Spys/Commies/Bombs | 2nd red scare; Rosenbergs; bomb shelters; fear of communism | |
| 159939466 | TVs and Automobiles | leisure items created and expanded during post WWII | |
| 159939467 | Dr. Spock | The Common Sense Book of Baby and Child Care; 1945 | |
| 159939468 | Dr. Salk | Developed the polio vaccine | |
| 159939469 | H. Bomb | hydrogen bomb invented in 1950's, MORE powerful than atomic bomb, example of Cold War arms race | |
| 159939470 | What happens to MacArthur and why? | removed from command |
