Terms : Hide Images
| 316679223 | federalism | government authority shared by national and local governments | |
| 316679224 | "necessary and proper" clause | section of the Constitution allowing Congress to pass all laws "necessary and proper" to its duties, in which has permitted Congress to exercise powers not specifically given to it by the Constitution | |
| 316679225 | nullification | the doctrine that a state can declare null and void a federal law that, in the state's opinion, violates the Constitution | |
| 316679226 | dual federalism | doctrine holding that the nation gov is supreme in its sphere, that states are supreme in theirs, and the two spheres should be kept separate | |
| 316679227 | municipal corporation or municipality | a city that has been chartered by a state to exercise certain defined powers and provide certain specific services | |
| 316679228 | special-act charter | lists what a city can and cant do (not all cities) | |
| 316679229 | general-act charter | applies to a lot of cities that fall within a certain classification (usually population) | |
| 316679230 | Dillion's rule | authorizes a municipality to exercise only those powers given, implied by, or essential to the accomplishment of its enumerated powers by the state | |
| 316679231 | home-rule charter | reverses Dillion's rule. allows a city government to do anything not prohibited by the charter or state law | |
| 316679232 | ordinances | city laws | |
| 316679233 | counties | largest territorial units between a state and a city or town | |
| 316679234 | McCulloch v Maryland (1819) | the Constitution's "necessary and proper" clause permits congress to take actions (like creating a national bank) when it is essential to a a power that congress has (like managing currency) | |
| 316679235 | Gibbons v Ogden (1824) | the constitution's commerce clause gives that national government exclusive power to regulate interstate commerce | |
| 316679236 | Wabash, St. Louis and Pacific Railroad v Illinois (1886) | the states may not regulate interstate commerce | |
| 316679237 | US v Lopez (1995) | the national gov power under the commerce clause does not permit it to regulate matters not directly related to interstate commerce (like banning firearms in a school zone) | |
| 316679238 | police power | states power to enact laws promoting health, safety, and morals | |
| 316679239 | sovereignty | supreme or ultimate political authority | |
| 316679240 | unitary system | sovereignty is wholly in the hands of the national gov | |
| 316679241 | confederation or confederal system | system where the states are sovereign and the national gov is allowed to do only which the state permit | |
| 316679242 | federal system | sovereignty is shared, some matters state is supreme and others federal gov is supreme | |
| 316679243 | federal regime | one in which local units of gov have specially protected existence and can make some final decisions over some governmental activities | |
| 316679244 | initiative | process that permits voters to put legislative measures directly on the ballot | |
| 316679245 | referendum | procedure enabling voters to reject a measure passed by the legislature | |
| 316679246 | recall | procedure whereby voters can remove an elected official from office | |
| 316679247 | grants-in-aid | money given by the national gov to the states | |
| 316679248 | categorical grants | federal grants for specific purposes, such as building an airport | |
| 316679249 | conditions of aid | terms set by the national gov that states must meet if they are to receive certain federal funds | |
| 316679250 | mandates | terms set by the national gov that states must meet whether or not they accept federal grants | |
| 316679251 | waiver | a decision by an administrative agency granting some other part permission to violate a law or rule that would otherwise apply to it | |
| 316679252 | political culture | a patterned and sustained way of thinking about how political and economic life ought to be carried out | |
| 316679253 | civic duty | a belief that one has an obligation to participate in civic and political affairs | |
| 316679254 | civic competence | a belief that one can affect government policies | |
| 316679255 | class consciousness | a belief that you are a member of an economic group whose interests are opposed to people in other such groups | |
| 316679256 | orthodox | a belief that morality and religion ought to be of decisive importance | |
| 316679257 | progressive | a belief that personal freedom and solving social problems are more important than religion | |
| 316679258 | civic society | voluntary action that makes cooperation easier |
