Conditioning and learning, Memory
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| 499086157 | learning | a relatively permanent change in behavior | |
| 499086158 | how is learning measured? | Testing, refinements, change in intensity, change in speed, change in latency, change in frequency | |
| 499086159 | change in topography | refinement: eg. learning to walk | |
| 499086160 | latency | how long it takes to start the project; eg. Walmart self-checkout | |
| 499086161 | unconditioned stimulus (US) | a stimulus that is capable of eliciting a response | |
| 499086162 | unconditioned response | a refelex naturally elicited by a unconditional stimulus | |
| 499086163 | conditioned stimulus (CS) | a stimulus that creates response due to pairing with the US | |
| 499086164 | conditioned response (CR) | a response elicited by the CS | |
| 499086165 | neutral stimulus (NS) | a stimulus that does not create a response | |
| 499086166 | backward conditoning | the CS follows the US; eg. Little Albert experiment | |
| 499086167 | systematic | a type of desensitation/ slowly introduces the phobia (neutral stimulus) | |
| 499086168 | flooding | a type of desensitation/ immediate flooding of the neutral stimulus/ could kill you | |
| 499086169 | paraphilia | sexual deviancy/ rape, pedaphillia, etc. | |
| 499086170 | operant reinforcement | learning occurs through behavior and evaluation of the consequences of the behavior aka instrumental learning | |
| 499086171 | law of effect | theory of Edward Thorndike: the strength of the behavior depends on the consequences of the behavior | |
| 499086172 | reinforcements | always increase the behavior will happen in the future | |
| 499086173 | punishments | always decrease the chances the behavior will occur in the future | |
| 499086174 | positive | something you like | |
| 499086175 | negative | something you do not like | |
| 499086176 | timing | the most important factor of conditioning; conditioning most effective if consequences are immediate and NOT delayed; eg. training your dog, correcting a child | |
| 499086177 | positive reinforcement | you do something, you get a reward; eg. go to work = get paid or teen fakes illness = gets attention (social reward) | |
| 499086178 | negative reinforcement | taking something away; eg. teen fakes sick = avoids a test or we have cold hands = put on gloves or have a headache = take an aspirin | |
| 499086179 | parital reinforcement | reinforcers do not follow every response/ highly resistant to extinction; eg. casino slot machines | |
| 499086180 | cognitive learning | higher level larning involving thinking, knowing, understanding, and anticipation | |
| 499086181 | observational learning | achieved by wtching and imitating the actions of another or noting the consequences of the those actions | |
| 499086182 | needed factors for observational learning to be effective: | Attention, retention, ability to do, and motivation/ pay ATTENTION! REMEMBER TO DO WHAT MAKES YOU HAPPY | |
| 499086183 | memory | process that results int he storage of information for future use | |
| 499086184 | sensory memory | unaware but perfect data, for only a few seconds/ iconic: fleeting mental image or Echoic: breif continuation after a sound has been heard | |
| 499086185 | short-term memory | memory that hold about 7 items of info. and is very susceptible to interruptions. aka working memory | |
| 499086186 | maintenance rehearsal | silent rehearsal to prolong existence in STM | |
| 499086187 | elaborative rehearsal | links new information to exhisting information already in the LTM | |
| 499086188 | long-term memory | only here if the info is either IMPORTANT OR MEANINGFUL/ inlimited storage space | |
| 499086189 | procedural memory | LTM/ muscle memory, learned skills; eg driving, typing | |
| 499086190 | declarative memory | LTM/ contains specific information, dates, faces, and names; eg your birthday | |
| 499086191 | semantic memory | type of declarative memory/ not personal, but exercised; eg. days of the week, language | |
| 499086192 | episodic memory | type of declarative memory/ personal, but bias; eg. graduation, our first date |
