The Answers to Ms. Abbott's study guide.
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| 105864234 | What were the African traders of the Mali Empire called? | Juula | 0 | |
| 105864235 | How was the idea of "equality before God and inequality within the world" portrayed in the behaviors of some African Islamic societies? | There was equality within the Muslims and inequality within the Muslim slaves. | 1 | |
| 105864236 | How did contact with the Muslim world affect the Africa slave trade? | With the Muslim conquests of North Africa and commercial penetration to the south, slavery became a more widely diffused phenomenon and the slave trade developed rapidly. | 2 | |
| 105864237 | Describe the indigenous religion shared by much of the sub-Saharan Africa. | Belief in a creator deity whose power and actionwere expressed through spirits or lesser Gods and through the founding ancestors of the group. (Animism) | 3 | |
| 105864238 | What monarch began the Malinke expansion and created the Mali Empire? | Sundiata broke away from Ghana in the 13th Century. | 4 | |
| 105864239 | Where was the Mali Empire located? | Along the Sengal and Niger rivers. | 5 | |
| 105864240 | Define "stateless society". | A society that is based on the authority of kinship groups rather than on a central goverment | 6 | |
| 105864241 | How did universal religions affect people on the African continent? How successful were they at gaining converts/followers? | No universal religion; Islam and Christianity were able to find converts. | 7 | |
| 105864242 | In what region was the influence of Islam most profound? | Sudan and Swahili Coast | 8 | |
| 105864243 | What change in society is most closely associated with the "demograhic transition"? | Population | 9 | |
| 105864244 | How did Muslim society view slavery? | Historically, the major juristic schools of Islam traditionally accepted the institution of slavery.The Islamic prophet Muhammad and many of his companions bought, sold, freed, and captured slaves. | 10 | |
| 105864245 | Describe the function of secret societies in African culture. | In the West African forest, secret societies were important in social life and could limit rulers' authority. | 11 | |
| 105864246 | What was the most important Christian kingdom in Africa? | Ethiopia | 12 | |
| 105864247 | What was the Sahel? | The extensive grassland belt at the southern edge of the Sahara; an exchange region between the forests to the south and north Africa. Literally "coastland" in Arabic. | 13 | |
| 105864248 | What region of Africa was first converted to Islam by 700 C.E.? | Islam spread first into North Africa by the seventh century C.E. | 14 | |
| 105864249 | What were African societies like before the arrival of Islam? | ... | 15 | |
| 105864250 | Ibn Batuta | An Arab trader who traveled across the Sahara and wrote an account of his experience, providing historians with much information about the Saharan trade | 16 | |
| 105864251 | Mansa Musa | Greatest leader of Mali (from 1312-1332), expanded borders, maintained peace and order/religious freedom and tolerance, hajj to Mecca and converted to Islam, built Timbuktu | 17 | |
| 105864252 | Mecca | City in western Arabia; birthplace of the Prophet Muhammad, and ritual center (Holy City) of the Islamic religion. | 18 | |
| 105864253 | Caliph | the civil and religious leader of a Muslim state considered to be a representative of Allah on earth. Successor to Muhammad. | 19 | |
| 105864254 | Muhammad | Arab prophet of Islam. At the age of 40 he began to preach as God's prophet of the true religion. Muhammad established a theocratic state at Medina after 622 and began to convert Arabia to Islam. Born 570 to Banu Hashim clan of Quraysh tribe in Mecca; raised by father's family; received revelations from Allah in 610 C.E. and thereafter; died in 632. | 20 | |
| 105864255 | Mongols | Nomadic tribes from present-day Mongolia. The Mongols were temporarily unified in the 13th century by Jenghiz Khan. They subdued all of China in 5 years, and then turned westward. Smashing everything in their path. People of this name is mentioned as early as the records of the Tang Empire, living as nomads in northern Eurasia. After 1206 they established an enormous empire under Genghis Khan, linking western and eastern Eurasia. | 21 | |
| 105864256 | Saladin | A Kurdish general who conquered Egypt and Syria in the twelfth century. His capture of Jerusalem precipitated a crusade. Led Muslims in 2nd and 3rd crysades. He became legendary for his military genius and generosity. | 22 | |
| 105864257 | Crusades | Armed pilgrimages to the Holy Land by Christians determined to recover Jerusalem from Muslim rule. The Crusades brought an end to Western Europe's centuries of intellectual and cultural isolation. | 23 | |
| 105864258 | Sundiata | "The lion prince". Founded the Mali empire in W. Africa. Oral Tradition: Son of a regional African ruler. Deformed left leg left him crippled. When his father died, his kingdom was overrun and enemies killed the royal family except for Sundiata. He eventually grew stronger and began hunting. Enemies forced him into exile, where he became a strong warrior. He eventually returned home and claimed the throne His calvary (main strength of his army) slashed through his enemies and he effortlessly established rule throughout the Niger River valley. He was a Muslim and welcomed Muslim merchants to his capital of Niani. Empire included Mauritania, Senegal, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, and Sierra Leone. | 24 | |
| 105864259 | Demographic Transition | The process of change in a society's population from a condition of high crude birth and death rates and low rate of natural increase to a condition of low crude birth and death rates, low rate of natural increase, and a higher total population. | 25 | |
| 105864260 | Coptic | The Afro-asiatic language of the Copts, derived from ancient Egyptian and attested from the 3rd century. Now used only in the ritual of the Coptic Church 2. The Christian church of Egypt, with dioceses elsewhere in Africa and the Near East. This is a branch within Orthodox Christianity. | 26 | |
| 105864261 | Sahel | The extensive grassland belt at the southern edge of the Sahara; an exchange region between the forests to the south and north Africa. Literally "coastland" in Arabic. | 27 | |
| 105864262 | Songhay Kingdom | a kingdom largely based on agriculture. Commoners kept their pagan beliefs while the leaders adopted Islam. Ruled by monarchs. Harvested gold from Western Africa forests (not Mali kingdom). Created by Berbers, Mal offshoot Ruled by Sunni Ali- conquered towns, expanded boundaries (asikas). | 28 | |
| 105864263 | Mali | Empire created by indigenous Muslims in western Sudan of West Africa from the thirteenth to fifteenth century. It was famous for its role in the trans-Saharan gold trade. | 29 | |
| 105864264 | Ka'ba | ("cube") a pre-islamic cubed building in mecca believed by muslims to have been built by Abraham. It is the center of the Muslim Pilgrimage | 30 | |
| 105864265 | Umayyad | Clan of bedouins who controlled Mecca in 7th century C.E. that dominated politics and commercial economy of Mecca; clan later able to establish dynasty as rulers of Islam. | 31 | |
| 105864266 | Abbasid | dynasty that overthew the Umayyad dynasty to rule to Muslim caliphate from 750-1258; for 150 years the Abbasids maintained the unity of the caliphate and Islamic culture and civilization flourished. | 32 | |
| 105864267 | Sunni | Adherents to the largest branch of Islam, called the orthodox or traditionalist. They believe in the effectiveness of family and community in the solution of life's problems, and they differ from the Shiites in accepting the traditions (sunna) of Muhammad as authoritative; a group of Muslims who accepted the changing dynasties of the Muslim empire during the eighth century. | 33 | |
| 105864268 | Shia | One of the two branches of Orthodox Islam; the branch of Islam whose members acknowledge Ali and his descendants as the rightful successors of Muhammad | 34 |
