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Chem M.A.D Final Flashcards

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4356435513AlkuhlArabic meaning "the essence" from which the word alcohol is derived0
4356435514AmphetaminesPowerful central nervous system stimulants1
4356435515Aqua vitaeMeans "water of life" another expression for water baking soda, and alcohol2
4356435516BarbitalA sedative-hypnotic drug used to treat anxiety and nervousness3
4356435517BarbiturateA class of drugs that have depressant effects4
4356435518BenzedrineAn amphetamine use to treat nasal congestion and asthma5
4356435519BenzodiazepinesMinor tranquilizer; examples are librium and valum6
4356435520BromidesNonbartiturate sedatives used to treat epileptic convulsions7
4356435521CaffeineMild stimulant found in coffee, tea, pop, and chocolate8
4356435522Chloral hydrateNonbarbiturate sedative; also called "knock out drops"9
4356435523Crack cocaineVariation of cocaine made by heating cocaine after mixing it with baking soda and water10
4356435524DistillationHeating process that increases alcohol content11
4356435525Drug abuseIntentional and inappropriate use of drug resulting in physical problems12
4356435526Drug misuseIntentional or inappropriate use of drugs13
4356435527DrugAny substance that alters ones ability to function emotionally, psychically, financially, intellectually, or socially14
4356435528ErgotismCondition resulting from ingesting a fungus that grows on grains15
4356435529EtherInhalant dating back to the late 1700's16
4356435530FreebaseVariation of cocaine in which cocaine is seperated from its base17
4356435531HallucinogenClass of drugs that induce distortions in time and space18
4356435532HashishiyyaGroup of men who, while under the influencr of hashish, allegdly terrorized and killed people19
4356435533HeroinPotent drunk derivative from opium20
4356435534InhalantsDrugs that are inhaled or "sniffed"21
4356435535Jamestown weedHallucinogen derived from the datura plant also knows and "locoweed"22
4356435536Kola nutPart of a plant oringinally used in Coca-Cola23
4356435537LaudanumDrug derived from opium24
4356435538LSDA powerful halluinogen derived from fungus25
4356435539MeprobamateMinor tranquilizer marked under the name of Miltown26
4356435540MescalinePsychoative agent or hallucinogen derived from the peyote cactus27
4356435541MethamphetamineA more potent form of amphetamine28
4356435542MorphineAnalgesic drug derived from opin; used medicaly as a painkiller29
4356435543NarcoticsAny of the opium-based central nervous system depressants30
4356435544Nitrous oxideA class of drugs derived from opium31
4356435545ParaldehydeNonbarbiturate sedative-hypnotic drug used with severly disturbed mental patients32
4356435546PeyoteA cactus containing the hallucinogen mescaline33
4356435547PsilocybinA hallucinogen found in certain mushrooms in central america34
4356435548Psychoactive drugsAny substancr that has the capability of altering mood35
4356435549Soldiers diseaseA name given to morphone dependency during the civil war36
4356435550TemperanceModerae alcohol use, rather than abstinence37
4356435551Whiskey RebellionA protest by farmers in southwestern pennsylvania against a whiskey tax38
4356435552acuteDescribes a condition that arises abruptly and is not longstanding39
4356435553AnalogA synthetic derivative of an existing drug40
4356435554BiphetamineA powerful stimulant41
4356435555Chine whiteA synthetic drug that mimics heroin, but id considerably more potent42
4356435556Chronic drug useHabitual use of dugs43
4356435557Compulsive drug useObsessive drug use without regard for society44
4356435558Designer drugsSynthetic substances that are chemically similar to existing drugs45
4356435559Employee assistant programsCompany sponsored progams to help employees46
4356435560Experimental drug useInfrequent drug use usually moticated by curiosity47
4356435561False negativeA test that is negative for drugs even though drugs are present in the urine48
4356435562False positiveA test that is positive for drugs in the body even though no drugs are present in the urine49
4356435563FentanylA synthetic narcotic that is 1,000x more potent then heroin50
4356435564Gas chromatographyA drug testing procedure that is more specific, sensitive, and expensive51
4356435565ImmunoassayA drug testing procedure that tests for metabolites of drugs52
4356435566Intensified drug useTaking drugs on steady, long term basis to relieve a persistent problem53
4356435567Look alike drugsSubstances that appear to illegal or pharmaceutical drugs54
4356435568Margin of safetyDifference between a beneficial level and a harmful level of drug55
4357033975Mass spectrometryA type of drug test56
4357033976MDAA hallucinogen that is structurally similar to amphetamines57
4357033977MDMAA synthetic hallucinogen related to amphetamines58
4357033978MeperidineA synthetic derivative of morphine59
4357033979MPPPA synthetic drug that is similar to meperidine60
4357033980Social recreational drug useTaking drugs In a social environment to share pleasure experiences61
4357033981Sound alike drugsSubstances with names that sound similar to illegal or prescription drugs62
4357033982Thin layer chromatographyA simple inexpensive urine based test63
4357033983ToxicityA drugs ability to disturb or nullify homeostasis64
4357033984Anabolic steroidsSubstances used to increase muscle mass; related to male sex hormones65
4357033985AphrodisiacAny substance that increases sexual desire and performance66
4357033986Drug addictionContinuing desire for drugs based on a physical need67
4357033987Drug dependencyRecurring desire for drugs based on a psychic or physics need68
4357033988Ergogenic AIDSSubstances that prove an athletic advantage69
4357033989Negative reinforcementRelief or avoidance of Paine achieved by a behavior motivating on to repeat the behaviorn70
4357033990Positive reinforcementPleasurable sensations associated with a behavior, motivating primary reinforcers71
4357033991Primary reinforcersStimuli that reduce physiological needs or are inherently pleasurable72
4357033992ReinforcersStimuli or events that lead to certain behaviors being repeated73
4357033993Secondary reinforcersStimuli that signal the increased probability of obtaining primary reinforcers74
4357033994SpeedballInjectable combo of heroin and cocaine75
4357033995StackingIngesting or injecting several steroids at the same time76
4357033996Withdrawal symptomsPhysical signs that appear upon ceasing drug use77
4357033997Category 1 drugsDrugs determined to be safe effective and properly labeled78
4357033998Category 2 drugsDrugs generally recognized as unsafe and ineffective or mislabeled79
4357033999Category 3 drugsDrugs where information is insufficient to be recognized as safe effective and properly labeled80
4357034000DecriminalizationThe reduction or elimination of penalties for illegal activities81
4357034001Diethyl glycolA chemical solvent82
4357034002Drug paraphernaliaItems that sure AIDS to using drugs83
4357034003Elixir sulfanilamideA antibiotic that killed more than 100 people in the 1930's84
4357034004Harm reductionA series of practical interventions that respond to the needs of drug users85
4357071811NormalizationA term used by the Dutch in which users of soft likes marijuana can be used legally86
4357071812Propriety drugsDrugs that can be purchased without prescription; over the counter drugs87
4357071813Temperance movementSocial trend in during 1800's when groups sought to reduce alcohol use88
4357071814ThalidomideA sedative that was found in the 1960's to cause birth defects including missing or malformed limbs89
4357071815Withdrawal symptomsPhysical signs that appear when drug use is stopped90
4357071816AcetylcholineA neurotransmitter synthesized from a molecule of choline and acetyl coenzyme A91
4357071817Action potentialThe procedure by which the nerve impulse is sent down to the axon92
4357071818AdrenalineA hormone secreted by the adrenal gland in the flight-fright-fight response93
4357071819Anticholinergenic hallucinogensSubstances found in the Datura and Amanita muscaria mushrooms94
4359140689autonomic nervous systempart of the peripheral nervous system that is automatic and involuntary95
4359141795autoreceptorsunits that alter the synthesis of neurotransmitters96
4359143679axonsparts of the central neuron that send nerve impulses away from nerves body cell97
4359148395basal gangilapart of the central nervous system which maintains involuntary motor control98
4359154682behavioral toleranceadjustment to compensate for the presence of drugs99
4359157504catecholaminesa group of neurotransmitters that includes epinephrine, dopamine, and norepinephrine100
4359159932central nervous systemthe brain and the spinal cord101
4359161290cerebral cortexpart of the brain involved in intellectual functioning, affects speech102
4359182842cerebrumpart of the brain that contains the cerebral cortex103
4359185464cholinesterasean enzyme necessary for the metabolism of acetylcholine104
4359187601cross tolerancetransference of tolerance to a drug to chemically similar drugs105
4359190718dendritesparts of the neuron that allow nerve impulses to be transmitted to the nerves cell body106
4359192324dose response curvegraphic representation of the effects of drugs at various levels107
4359195743dopamineneurotransmitter that affects emotional, mental, and motor functions108
4359197419effective dosethe amount of drug required to produce a specific response109
4359198284endorphinsnaturally occurring chemicals with opiate like properties110
4359202427enkaphalinsendorphins found within the brain111
4359203352epinephrinea natural chemical involved in the fight-flight-fright syndrome112
4359206062fight-flight-frightpsychological response of the body to stress, which prepares the individual to take action113
4359209120GABAa type of neurotransmitter that produces relaxation and sleepiness114
4359210959homeostatisa condition in which the body's system is balanced115
4359215793hypothalamusgland situated near the base of the brain, maintains homeostasis. affects stress116
4359218691lethal dosethe amount of a drug required to result in death117
4359219918limbic systempart of the central nervous system that plays a key role in memory and motion118
4359222722medial forebrain bundleserves as a communication route between the limbic system119
4359227223mendulla oblongataone of two structures constituting the brain stem; helps control vital functions120
4359230386midbrainpart of the brain stem that connects the larger structure to the spinal cord121
4359235886neuronsmessengers in the brain that transmit information via chemical and electrical process122
4359237117neurotransmittera chemical substance manufactured in the vesicles of the brain123
4359240404parasympathetic nervous systembranch of the autonomic nervous system124
4359243581parasympathomimeticsdrugs that mimic actions of the parasympathetic system125
4359248156parenteral drug usedrug administration by injection126
4359248695peptidesubstances linking amino acids; includes endorphin's, which are naturally occurring.127
4359257941peripheral nervous systemconsists of the autonomic and somatic nervous system128
4359259644pharmacological toleranceadjustment of compensation of the body to the presence of a given drug129
4359265738pharmacologythe professional discipline that studies the relationships and interactions130
4359269186pituitary glandthe "master gland", responsible for controlling many bodily fluids131
4359272371ponsone of two structures constituting the brain stem, connecting the medulla with the brainstem132
4359274136potencya drugs ability to produce an effect relative to other drugs pressure and sexual behavior133
4359276317psycherefers to the mind134
4359277398purityquality of a substance, state of non-contamination of a drug135
4359281386reticular activation systempart of the central nervous system;affects sleep, attention136
4359282339serotoninan inhibitory neurotransmitter located in the upper brain stem137
4359283943setthe psychological state, personality, and expectations of an individual when using drugs138
4359286229settingthe physical and social environment while using drugs139
4359287986somagreek word meaning "body"140
4359288750somatic nervous systempart of the nervous system that controls movement of the skeletal muscles141
4359290722sympathetic nervous systembranch of the autonomic nervous system that releases adrenaline142
4359291896sympathomimeticsdrugs that mimic the sympathetic nervous system which is involved in the fight-flight-fright sydrome143
4359296059synapsethe space between the axon and the dendrite144
4359300035synergistic effectan enhanced, unpredictable effect caused by combining two or more substances145
4359307505teratogenicrefers to substances that cause harm to the fetus146
4359309299threshold dosethe smallest amount of a drug required to produce an effect147
4359312339transdermal drug useadministration of drugs by applying them just under the surface of the skin148
4359314537tryptophanan amino acid that affects serotonin levels, allowing one to fall asleep more easily149
4359318519vesiclessaclike structure at the end of the axon150
4359322744acetaldehydeproduct of metabolism of alcohol by the liver, also found in tobacco smoke151
4359323765alcohol abusea state characterized by a physical, social, intellectual, emotional, or financial problem, resulting from the use of alcohol.152
4359326892alcoholismcondition in which an individual loses control over intake of alcohol153
4359334024binge drinkingconsuming five or more drinks (men) or four (women) in a short period of time154
4359335342blackoutsa common syndrome of problem drinking; characterized by temporary memory loss155
4359346490blood alcohol concentrationpercentage of alcohol found in blood156
4359348235congenersnonalcoholic ingredients in some forms of alcohol, such as flavoring agents157
4359350324distillationa heating process that increases alcohol content158
4359351868distilled spiritsbeverages such as whiskey, run, gin, and vodka that are produced by boiling159
4359354569ethyl alcoholthe form of alcohol that people consume160
4359355483fermentationthe process of transforming certain yeasts, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen into alcohol161
4359358187methyl alcoholwood alcohol; not for human consumption162
4359361604fortified wineswines produced by adding alcohol to slightly sweetened wines163
4359368839proofamount of alcohol in a beverage expressed as twice the percent of the alcohol content164
4359373847T-lymphocytestypes of white blood cells that help in fighting infection165
4359378039carbon minoxidegas in cigarette smoke that interferes with oxygen-carrying capacity of blood166
4359379295clove cigarettescigarettes made from tobacco and cloves;contains more tar, nicotine and carbon monoxide than commercial cigarettes167
4359383597environmental tobacco smokesmoke in the air as a result of someone smoking168
4359384287eugenolingredient in clove cigarettes that provides aroma and reduces coughing reflex169
4359385885mainstream smokesmoke exhaled by a smoker170
4359386673nicotinepsychoactive component in tobacco responsible for stimulation and tobacco dependence171
4359391423norepinephrinea neurotransmitter that may help regulate appetite and reduce fatigue172
4359401515passive smokinginhalation of tobacco smoke from someone elses smoking173
4359408563rapid smokingaversive smoking cessation technique in which one smokes rapidly to exceed tolerance and becomes ill174
4359410677sidestream smokesmoke that comes from the burning end of a cigarette , pipe, or cigar175
4359416187snuffa form of smokeless tobacco176
4359418870tara carcinogenic component of tobacco177
4359421775analgesicsdrugs that relieve pain178
4359424654anaphylatic shocka condition caused by an allergic reaction to contaminants179
4359428132antagonistsdrugs that occupy receptor sites and inhibit narcotic activity180
4359432054antitussivesdrugs that act as cough suppressants181
4359440519chippersnickname for individuals who use narcotics on a occasional or weekend basis182
4359445763codeinea derivative of opium183
4359447802detoxificationeliminating drugs from the body; usually the initial step in treatment of alcohol184
4359453822dextromethorphanan over the counter nonnarcotic drug found in cough preparations185
4359459577naltrexonea narcotic antagonist that blocks the reinforcing effects of narcotics186
4359460467opiatea class of drugs derived from opium187
4359461063opioida family of drugs which characteristics similar to opium188
4359462632opiumthe plant from which all narcotics are derived189
4359465531propoxyphene hydrochloridea mild narcotic that has the potential to cause dependence190
4359466283recidivismrelapse191
4359466704amyl nitritean inhalant used to treat angia pectoris and congestive heart failure192
4359468473butyl nitritean inhalant no longer used for medical purposes193
4359471961diazepamgeneric name for the minor tranquilizer valium194
4359473250equanilthe first modern drug developed to relieve anxiety195
4359475474fetal benzodiazepine syndromea condition of infants caused by the mothers use of benzodiazepines during pregnancy196
4359476709gateway drugssubstances that are used prior to use of more dangerous drugs, alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, and inhalants197
4359479164halciona drug used to induce sleep198
4359480074hypoxiabrain damage resulting from inadequate supply of oxygen to the brain199
4359485515isobutylone type of nitrite that is used to treat angina pain200
4359486582rohypnola powerful depressant; one of the "date rape" drugs201
4366075616ThiopentalA barbiturate that is used as a general anesthetic202
4366075617TolueneThe psychoactive agent in glue203
4366075618ValiumA minor tranquilizer204
4366075619VeronalBrand name for barbital205
4366075620Acute dyskinesiaInappropriate motor movements as a side effect of antipsychotic drugs206
4366075621AkathesiaJerky, uncontrollable constant motion motor restlessness207
4366075622Bipolar affective disorderA mental condition characterized by altering moods of a depressant mania208
4366075623BradykinseiaMotor movements that are slow and limited209
4366075624ChlorpromazineAn antipsychotic drug210
4366075625DystoniaA type of dykinesia marked by involuntary and inappropriate posture and muscle211
4366075626Electro convulsive therapyControlled administration of electric shock as a treated for mental illness212
4366075627Extrapyramidal symptomsDifficult inning walking shuffling and inflexible joints213
4366075628IprobiazidA MOA inhibitor214
4366075629LithiumA psychoactive drug used to treat symptoms associated with mania215
4366075630Medical modelA premise that a pathogen is responsible for a persons illness or disease216
4366075631Monoamine oxidase inhibitorAn anti depressed drug used for acute anxiety obsessive compulsive behavior and phobias217
4366075632Mood disorderA form of psychosis that affects the persons emotions depression or mania218
4366075633ParkinsonismA form of acute dyskinesia marked by tremors, week was in extremities and muscle rigidity219
4366075634PathogenAny organism that produces disease220
4366075635PolydipsiaFrequent and excessive consumption of water221
4366075636PolyuriaFrequent urination222
4366075637ProzacAn antidepressant drug223
4366075638PsychoanalysisA form of therapy based on Freudian principles224
4366075639SchizophreniaA type of functional psychosis literally meaning split mind225
4366075640PsychosisA severe mental condition marked by loss of contact with reality226
4366075641TachycardiaFaster than normal heart rate227
4366075642Tardive dyskinesiaA side effect of antipsychotic drugs marked by involuntary repetitive facial movements and involuntary movement of the trunk and limbs228
4366075643Therapeutic windowAmount of dug needed for therapeutic purposes229
4366075644ThorazineMajor tranquilizer used to treat psychosis230
4366075645TinnitusRinging in the ears231
4366075646Tricyclic antidepressantsDrugs that effectively remove the symptoms of acute depression232
4366075647TyramineAn amino acids that interacts with MAO inhibitors to cause very high levels of hypertension233
4366075648Unipolar depressionA mental disorder marked by alternating periods of mania depression and normalcy234
4366075649CrankA term for methamphetamines that are smoked inhaled or injected235
4366075650Shooting galleryA place to buy and inject drugs236
4366075651Speed freakSomeone who used methamphetamines over a period of time237
4366075652AdenosineA neurotransmitter for which caffeine acts as an antagonist238
4366075653Attention/deficit hyperactivity disorderA condition in which the individual is easily distracted and inhibits learning239
4366075654Bromptons cocktailA combo of heroin and cocaine240
4366075655Crystal methA variation of methamphetamine one example is ice241
4366075656IbogaineA hallucinogen that is used to treat cocaine dependency242
4366075657MathcathinoneA synthetic methamphetamine243
4366075658GanjaTops and flowed of the cannabis plant244
4366075659BhangLower leaves stems and seeds of cannabis plants245
4366075660BenzopyreneCarcinogenic compound found in marijuana and tobacco246
4366075661Amotivational sydromeCondition characterized by apathy, inability to concentrate, and little achievement orientation247
4366075662CharasA potent form of marijuana also known as hashish248
4366075663Anti-emerticDrugs that reduces nausea and vomiting249
4366091242HashishPotent form of marijuana taken from the resin of the cannabis plant250
4366091243HippocampusPart of the brain involved with memory251
4366091244SinsemillaSeedless marijuana252
4366091245AtropinePsychoactive agent found in mandrake and other anticholinergenic hallucinogens253

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