Terms : Hide Images
| 4244849342 | Matter | Any substance that has mass and occupies space |  | 0 |
| 4244850105 | Element | Any substance that cannot be broken down to any other substance by ordinary chemical means |  | 1 |
| 4244851665 | Atom | The smallest unit of an element that contains all the characteristics of that atom; the building blocks of matter |  | 2 |
| 4244855162 | Nucleus | The central core in atoms composed of positively charged protons and neutral neutrons | | 3 |
| 4244856290 | Proton | Positively charged subatomic particle that makes up the nucleus of an atom |  | 4 |
| 4244857691 | Neutron | Subatomic particle that has no charge and makes up the nucleus of an atom |  | 5 |
| 4244858704 | Electron | Negatively charged subatomic particles located in orbitals around the nucleus of an atom | | 6 |
| 4244860543 | Atomic Number | The number of protons in an atom which defines the element |  | 7 |
| 4244861510 | Atomic Mass | The sum of the masses of protons and neutrons of an atom; electrons aren't necessarily taken into account because they are relatively weightless |  | 8 |
| 4244868245 | Isotope | Atoms of an element with different number of neutrons; these have same chemical properties but different masses and may be radioactive |  | 9 |
| 4244871018 | Valence Electrons | Electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom; the key to chemical bonds |  | 10 |
| 4244872183 | Octet Rule | Rule that atoms tend to completely fill their outermost energy level |  | 11 |
| 4244874091 | Half-life | Amount of time it takes for half of a substance to decay |  | 12 |
| 4244877731 | Ion | Atoms in which the number of electrons is not the same as the number of protons and are either positive or negative |  | 13 |
| 4244878774 | Anion | A negatively charged ion that has more electrons than protons | | 14 |
| 4244880043 | Cation | A positively charged ion that has more protons than electrons | | 15 |
| 4244880796 | Ionic Bond | Chemical bond forming between oppositely charged ions (cation + anion) |  | 16 |
| 4244883297 | Molecule | Group of atoms held together by energy in a stable association (chemical bond) |  | 17 |
| 4244884410 | Compound | When a molecule contains more than one element |  | 18 |
| 4244885204 | Covalent Bond | Chemical bond forming when two atoms share one or more pairs of valence electrons -single, double or triple bonds (increase in strength) |  | 19 |
| 4244926017 | Increasing Rate of Reaction | More concentration = more collisions Higher temperature = more collisions Catalysts = facilitate chemical reactions |  | 20 |
| 4244887679 | Polar Bond | In covalent bonds, when there is an unequal distribution of charge and so there is partial negative and partial positive charge |  | 21 |
| 4244890451 | Electronegativity | The tendency of an ion to take an electron -increases up periodic table and to the right -different electronegativity creates polar covalent bonds |  | 22 |
| 4244892299 | Hydrogen Bond | A weak chemical association with hydrogen in polar covalent bonds |  | 23 |
| 4244894877 | Hydrophobic | Substances that do not combine or are not soluble in water |  | 24 |
| 4244896529 | Hydrophilic | Substances that combine or are soluble in water |  | 25 |
| 4244897488 | Cohesion | When a molecule is attraction to one another because of polarity (hydrogen bonds) -water -causes surface tension |  | 26 |
| 4244900486 | Adhesion | When a polar molecule is attracted to other polar molecules -water -causes capillary action -things that get "wet" | | 27 |
| 4244905285 | Surface Tension | Tautness of the surface of a liquid caused by the cohesion of molecules -water strider walking on water |  | 28 |
| 4244907516 | Capillary Action | Tendency of a liquid in a tube to rise above the surrounding liquid -transpiration in plants |  | 29 |
| 4244908318 | Specific Heat | Amount of heat that must be absorbed or lost by 1 gram of a substance to change its temperature by 1 degree celsius -water has high specific heat which is why cities by water bodies are cool i.e. San Francisco |  | 30 |
| 4244922316 | Heat of Vaporization | Amount of energy required to change 1 gram of a substance from liquid to gas -water has a high heat of vaporization which is why sweating helps cool organisms |  | 31 |
| 4244967660 | Ice Water | Solid water is less dense than liquid water -why lake freezes from top and liquid water on bottom for organisms to live |  | 32 |
| 4244969386 | Aqueous Solution | A solution where the solvent is water |  | 33 |
| 4244970276 | Solute | Molecule being dissolved in a solution | | 34 |
| 4244970916 | Solvent | Median in which one or more solutes are dissolved in -water is universal solvent | | 35 |
| 4244974466 | Hydration Shell | Cloud of water molecules that forms around ions or polar molecules to prevent them from bonding; dissolving |  | 36 |
| 4244977610 | Hydrophobic Exclusion | Nonpolar molecules (hydrophobic) are forced to cluster together in presence of water -important for structure of proteins, DNA and cell membranes |  | 37 |
| 4244981989 | Mole | Unit of something -weight of substance in grams of atomic masses -6.02x10^23 particles in a mole (Avogadro's Number) -22.4 Liters of gas at STP (0°C or 273K @ 1atm or 101kPa) |  | 38 |
| 4244993165 | Molarity | (M) Moles of solute per liter of solvent (moles/L) |  | 39 |
| 4244995475 | Acid | Any substance that dissociates in water to increase the hydrogen ion concentration and has pH lower than 7 |  | 40 |
| 4244996500 | Hydrogen Ion | Proton that dissociates from a water molecule to be a cation |  | 41 |
| 4244997387 | Base | Any substance that dissociates in water to absorb and decrease the H+ concentration and has pH higher than 7 | | 42 |
| 4244999307 | Hydroxide Ion | Ion left behind after the hydrogen atom dissociates from a water molecule; anion | | 43 |
| 4245000487 | pH | "Partial Hydrogen", the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution (pH=-log[H+]) |  | 44 |
| 4245003826 | Buffer | Substance that resists changes in pH -Carbonic acid (H2CO3) and bicarbonate (HCO3-) [H20 + CO2 → H2CO3 → HCO3 + H+] -for controlling blood pH (around 7.4) -blood acidosis = pH 7.1 or lower -blood alkalosis = pH 7.7 or higher |  | 45 |
