A Child's World, 12th Edition: Chapter 1. Infancy Through Adolescence. Pages 4-21. Chapter 2. How We Discover It. Pages 22-55.
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| 883366931 | Child Development | Change and stability in children from conception through adolescence. | 1 | |
| 883366932 | Physical Development | Growth of body and brain, including biological and physiological patterns of change in sensory capacities, motor skills, and health. | 2 | |
| 883366933 | Cognitive Development | Change in mental abilities, such as learning, attention, memory, language, thinking, reasoning, and creativity. | 3 | |
| 883366934 | Psychosocial Development | Change in emotions, personality, and social relationships. | 4 | |
| 883366935 | Social Construction | The nature of reality based on societally shared perceptions or assumptions. | 5 | |
| 883366936 | Individual Differences | Differences among children in characteristics, influences, or developmental outcomes. | 6 | |
| 883366937 | Heredity | Inborn characteristics inherited. | 7 | |
| 883366938 | Environment | Nonhereditary, experiential, influences on development. | 8 | |
| 883366939 | Maturation | Natural sequence of physical and behavioral changes as a result of age. | 9 | |
| 883366940 | Nuclear Family | Two-generational household unit consisting of one or two parents and their biological children, adopted children, or stepchildren. | 10 | |
| 883366941 | Extended Family | Parents, children, and other relatives, sometimes living together. | 11 | |
| 883366942 | Culture | A group's total way of life, customs, traditions, beliefs, values, language, physical products-all learned behavior passed on from adults to children. | 12 | |
| 883366943 | Ethnicity | Minority population to rise to 50 percent by 2040. | 13 | |
| 883366945 | Socioeconomc Status (SES) | Economic/social factors; neighborhood, income, education, occupation describing an individual or family. | 14 | |
| 883366947 | Normative | Event that occurs in a similar way for most people in a group; puberty, graduation, etc. | 15 | |
| 883366948 | Historical Generation | Group of people strongly influenced by a major historical event during their formative period. | 16 | |
| 883366949 | Cohort | Group of people born at about the same time. People who were alive to see the first black president. | 17 | |
| 883366950 | Non-Normative | Unusual event that happens to a particular person or a typical event that happens at an unusual time of life. Example: An 86-year old that graduates from college or a 14-year old girl getting married. | 18 | |
| 893070631 | Psychoanalytic Perspective | Development shaped by unconscious forces. | 19 | |
| 893070632 | Psychosexual Development | Unvarying stages of personality development during infancy, childhood, and adolescence, in which gratification shifts from the mouth to the anus and then to the genitals. | 20 | |
| 893070633 | Psychosocial Development | Eight-stage theory, the socially and culturally influenced process of development of the ego, or self. | 21 | |
| 893070634 | Learning Perpective | Changes in behavior result from experience. | 22 | |
| 893070635 | Behaviorism | Environment causes observable behavior. | 23 | |
| 893070636 | Classical Conditioning | Association of a stimulus that does not ordinarily elicit a particular response with another stimulus that does elicit the response. | 24 | |
| 893070637 | Operant Conditioning | Association of behavior with its consequences. | 25 | |
| 893070638 | Reinforcement | Process that increases the likelihood that a behavior will be repeated. | 26 | |
| 893070639 | Punishment | Process that decreases the likelihood that a behavior will be repeated. | 27 | |
| 893070640 | Social Learning Theory | Behaviors also learned by observing and imitating models. | 28 | |
| 893070641 | Social Cognitive Theory is also known as... | Social Learning Theory. | 29 | |
| 893070642 | Reciprocal Determinism | Bidirectional forces that affect development. | 30 | |
| 893070643 | Observational Learning | Learning through watching the behavior of others. | 31 | |
| 893070645 | Cognitive Perspective | Development of mental processes. | 32 | |
| 893070646 | Cognitive-Stage Theory | Children's cognitive development advances in a series of stages involving qualitatively distinct types of mental operations. | 33 | |
| 893070647 | Organization | Creation of categories or systems of knowledge. | 34 | |
| 893070648 | Schemes | Organized patterns of thought/behavior used in particular situations. | 35 | |
| 893070649 | Adaptation | Adjustment to new information. | 36 | |
| 893070650 | Assimilation | Incorporation of new information. | 37 | |
| 893070651 | Accommodation | Changes in a cognitive structure to include new information. | 38 | |
| 893070652 | Equilibration | Seek a stable balance among cognitive elements; balance between assimilation and accommodation. | 39 | |
| 893070653 | Sociocultural Theory | Contextual factors affect children's development. | 40 | |
| 893070654 | Zone Of Proximal Development (ZPD) | The difference between what a child can do alone and what the child can do with help. | 41 | |
| 893070655 | Scaffolding | Temporary support to help a child master a task. | 42 | |
| 893070656 | Information-Processing Approach | Observing/analyzing the mental processes involved in perceiving and handling information. | 43 | |
| 893070657 | Contextual Perspective | Sees the individual as inseparable from the social context. | 44 | |
| 893070658 | Bioecological Theory | Understanding processes and contexts of child development that identifies five levels of environmental influence. | 45 | |
| 893070659 | Microsystem | *Immediate family. | 46 | |
| 893070660 | Mesosystem | Two or more microsystems. *A child brings their friend home from school. | 47 | |
| 893070661 | Exosystem | TWO OR MORE SETTINGS. ONE DOES NOT CONTAIN CHILD. | 48 | |
| 893070662 | Macrosystem | CULTURAL | 49 | |
| 893070663 | Chronosystem | TIME | 50 | |
| 893070664 | Evolutionary/Sociobiological Perspective | Focuses on evolutionary and biological bases of social behavior. | 51 | |
| 893070666 | Evolutionary Psychology | Natural selection and survival of the fittest to human psychology. | 52 | |
| 893070669 | Scientific Method | Scientific inquiry, identifying a problem, formulating a hypothesis to be tested, collecting data, analyzing data, forming tentative conclusions, and disseminating findings. | 53 | |
| 893070670 | Sample | Group of participants chosen to represent the entire population under study. | 54 | |
| 893070671 | Random Selection | Selection of a sample in such a way that each person in a population has an equal and independent chance of being chosen. | 55 | |
| 893070672 | Naturalistic Observation | Behavior is studied in natural settings without intervention/manipulation. | 56 | |
| 893070673 | Laboratory Observation | All participants are observed under the same controlled conditions. | 57 | |
| 893070674 | Operational Definition | Definition stated solely in terms of the operations or procedures used to produce or measure a phenomenon. | 58 | |
| 893070676 | Case Study | Study of a single subject, such as an individual or family. | 59 | |
| 893070677 | Ethnographic Study | In-depth study of a culture, which uses a combination of methods including participant observation. | 60 | |
| 893070678 | Participant Observation | Observer lives with the people in the activity. | 61 | |
| 893070679 | Correlational Study | Research design intended to discover whether a statistical relationship between variables exists. | 62 | |
| 893070680 | Experiment | Rigorously controlled, replicable procedure in which the researcher manipulates variables to assess the effect of one on the other. | 63 | |
| 893070681 | Experimental Group | Group receiving the treatment under study. | 64 | |
| 893070682 | Control Group | Group of people, similar to those in the experimental group, who do not receive the treatment under study. | 65 | |
| 893070684 | Dependent Variable | In an experiment, the condition that may/may not change as a result of changes in the independent variable. | 66 | |
| 893070686 | Cross-Sectional Study | People of different ages are assessed on one occasion. | 67 | |
| 893278996 | Periods Of Development: A Social Construction | Prenatal Period, Infancy and Toddlerhood, Early Childhood, Middle Childhood, and Adolescence. | 68 | |
| 893278997 | Prenatal Period | Conception-birth. | 69 | |
| 893278998 | Infancy and Toddlerhood | Birth-age 3. | 70 | |
| 893278999 | Early Childhood | 3-6 years. | 71 | |
| 893279000 | Middle Childhood | 6-11 years. | 72 | |
| 893279001 | Adolescence | 11-20 years. | 73 | |
| 893279002 | Influences On Child Development | Heredity, Environment, and Maturation. | 74 | |
| 893279003 | All areas of development are... | interrelated. | 75 | |
| 893279004 | Normal Development includes... | General processes all children follow as they develop. | 76 | |
| 893279005 | Children help shape their own... | development and influence others' responses to them. | 77 | |
| 893279006 | Historical and Cultural Contexts... | strongly influence development. | 78 | |
| 893279007 | Early experience is important, but... | chldren can be remarkaby resilient. | 79 | |
| 893279008 | The 2 men related to the Psychoanalytic Perspective: | Freud and Erikson. | 80 | |
| 893279012 | Learning Perspectives... | Behaviorism (Conditioning) and Social Learning (Observational Learning). | 81 | |
| 893279013 | Bronfenbrenner= | Bioecological Theory. | 82 | |
| 893279014 | What are the 5 stages of the Bioecological Theory? | Microsystem, Mesosystem, Exosystem, Macrosystem, and Chronosystem. | 83 | |
| 901378197 | What are the 3 domains of child development? | Physical, Cognitive, and Psychosocial. | 84 | |
| 910933130 | Piaget= | Cognitive Stage Theory | 85 | |
| 910933131 | Vygotsky= | Sociocultural Theory and Zone Of Proximal Development. | 86 | |
| 910933132 | Erikson= | Psychosocial Development and Psychoanalytic Perspective | 87 | |
| 910933133 | Bandura= | Reciprocal Determinism | 88 | |
| 911006437 | Mental processes= | Cognitive Perspective | 89 | |
| 911006438 | Sociocultural Theory and Zone Of Proximal Development= | Vygotsky | 90 | |
| 911006439 | Contextual Factors= | Sociocultural Theory | 91 |
