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| 286039251 | Huguenots | the protestant minority | 0 | |
| 286039252 | Edict of Nantes | 1598 - granted a substantial measure of religious toleration to French Protestants (issued by Henry IV) | 1 | |
| 286039253 | Thirty years war | a Catholic-Protestant struggle that began in the Holy Roman Empire but eventually engulfed most of Europe | 2 | |
| 286039254 | Peace of Westphalia | 1648- allowed states and cities to decide their religion. Ended 30 years war | 3 | |
| 286039255 | Catholic Counter Reformation | The Catholic Church's response to the Protestant Reformation in which it tried to reform itself. | 4 | |
| 286039256 | Council of Trent | an council of the Roman Catholic Church- Catholics clearified and reaffirmed their unique doctrines and practices | 5 | |
| 286039257 | Jesuits | society of Jesus | 6 | |
| 286039258 | Martin Luther | German priest- publicly invited debate about various abuses within the Roman Catholic Church by issuing a document (Ninety-Five Theses)- started protestant reformation | 7 | |
| 286039259 | Reformation | improvement in the existing form or condition of institutions or practices. (new religions created, catholic church changed practices/standards) | 8 | |
| 286039260 | King Henry VIII | (1491-1547) King of England, 6 wives, declared England free of Catholic control. | 9 | |
| 286039261 | John (Jean) Calvin | (1509-1564) Started calvinism: Predestination determined who would go to heaven at the moment of birth. Believed in strict value system based on hard work, honesty, discipline, and thrift. | 10 | |
| 286039262 | Predestination | being determined in advance | 11 | |
| 286039263 | Locke | English Philosopher: natural rights,offered principles for constructing a constitutional government, a contract between rulers and ruled that was created by human integrity rather than divinely prescribed | 12 | |
| 286039264 | Voltaire | French writer: reflected the outlook of the Scientific Revolution. Fighting against religious tolerance | 13 | |
| 286039265 | Rousseau | minimized the importance of book learning for the education of children and prescribed instead an immersion in nature, which taught self-reliance and generosity rather than greed and envy fostered by "civilization" | 14 | |
| 286039266 | Darwin | laid out a complex argument that all of life was in flux, that an endless and competitive struggle for survival of millions of years constantly generated new species of plants and animals, while casting others into extinction | 15 | |
| 286039267 | Marx | articulated a view of human history that likewise emphasized change and struggle. | 16 | |
| 286039268 | Freud | applied scientific technologies to the operation of the human mind and emotions and in doing so cast further doubt in enlightenment conceptions of human rationality | 17 | |
| 286039269 | Scientific Revolution | the era of scientific thought in europe during which careful observation of the natural world was made, and accepted beliefs were questioned, laid the groundwork for modern science. | 18 | |
| 286039270 | Enlightenment | 18th century in European history: If human reason could discover the laws that governed the universe, surely it could uncover ways in which humankind might govern itself more effectively | 19 |
