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Chpt 10 Ap vocab Flashcards

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6107026567Crop HearthThe location where crops originated0
6107026568Columbian ExchangeThe exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Old World and the New World.1
6107026569DeforestationDestruction of forests2
6107026570Green RevolutionRapid diffusion of new agricultural technology, especially new high-yield seeds and fertilizers3
6107026571Bioclimatic ZoneRegions of the planet that share a common climate and biological makeup of plants and animals.4
6107026572Shifting CultivationA form of substance agriculture in which people shift activity from one field to another; each field is used for crops for a relatively few years and left fallow for a relatively long period5
6107026573Subsistence AgricultureAgriculture designed primarily to provide food for direct consumption by the farmer and the farmer's family. Small farms usually in developing countries.6
6107026574Market Garden AgricultureSmall-scale production of fruits, vegetables and flowers as cash crops, frequently sold directly to consumers.7
6107026575RanchingThe commercial grazing of livestock over an extensive area.8
6107026576Commodity ChainSeries of links connecting the many places of manufacturing and distribution and resulting in a commodity that is then exchanged on the world market.9
6107026577Von Thunen ModelAn agricultural model that spatially describes agricultural activity in terms of distance from a city or market center.10
6107026578DesertificationDegradation of land, especially in semiarid areas, primarily because of human actions such as excessive crop planting, animal grazing, and tree cutting. Also known as semiarid land degradation.11
6107026579GMOGenetically Modified Organism12
6107026580AquacultureThe cultivation of seafood under controlled conditions.13
6107026581Fair TradeAlternative to international trade that emphasizes small businesses and worker owned and democratically run cooperatives and requires employers to pay workers fair wages, permit union organizing, and comply with minimum environmental and safety standards.14
6107026582TranshumanceThe seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pastures.15
6107026583Double CroppingHarvesting twice a year from the same field.16
6107026584Sustainable AgricultureFarming methods that preserve long-term productivity of land and minimize pollution, typically by rotating soil- restoring crops with cash crops and reducing in-puts of fertilizer and pesticides.17
6107026585HorticultureThe growing of fruits, vegetables, and flowers.18
6107026586MilkshedThe area surrounding a city from which milk is supplied.19
6107026587SwiddenA patch of land cleared for planting through slashing and burning.20
6107026588Fertile CrescentRegion in Southwest Asia and North Africa with arable land. Historical importance to agriculture. From Nile to Tigris and Euphrates.21
6107026589Terrace AgricultureStep like structures for better growing. Found commonly in Asia and South America22
6107026590WetlandsA low-lying area, such as a marsh or swamp, that is moist;)23
6107026591High Yield SeedsSeeds with high production?24
6107026592Mediterranean AgricultureAn agricultural system practiced in the Mediterranean style climates of Western Europe, California, and portions of Chile and Australia, in which diverse specialty crops such as grapes, avocados, olives, and a host of nuts, fruits, and vegetables comprise profitable agricultural operations.25
6107026593Pastoral NomadismA form of subsistence agriculture based on herding domesticated animals.26
6107026594Commercial AgricultureAgriculture undertaken primarily to generate products for sale off the farm.27
6107026595Intensive FarmingFarming that requires much physical labor.28
6107026596AgribusinessCommercial agriculture characterized by the integration of different steps in the food-processing industry, usually through ownership by large corporations.29
6107026597Rural Settlement PatternsIsolated farms rather than clustered villages.30
6107026598BiotechnologyThe manipulation of living organisms or their components to produce useful products.31
6107026599Organic FarmingA method of farming that does not use artificial means such as synthetic pesticides and herbicides, antibiotics, and bioengineering.32
6107026600Value Added Specialty CropThe process of changing or transforming a product from its original state to a more valuable state.33
6107026601EcumeneThe portion of Earth's surface occupied by permanent human settlement.34
6107026602Crop RotationThe practice of rotating fields in order to avoid depleting minerals from the land.35
6107026603First Agricultural RevolutionAround 8000 B.C.-humans first domesticated plants and animals.36
6107026604Second Agricultural RevolutionDovetailing with and benefiting from the Industrial Revolution, this agricultural revolution improved methods of cultivation, harvesting, and storage of farm products.37
6107026605SawahA flooded field for growing rice.38
6107026606Winter WheatWheat planted in the autumn and harvested in the early summer.39

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