1694491228 | Agricultural Revolution | Shift around 10,000 yrs ago from hunter-gatherer lifestyle to an agricultural way of line in which people began to grow their own crops and raise domestic animals | 0 | |
1694491229 | Biodiversity | The variety of life across all levels of biological organization, including the diversity of species, their genes, their populations, and their communities | 1 | |
1694491230 | Correlation | A relationship among variables | 2 | |
1694491231 | Cornucopian | A worldview that we will find ways to make Earth's natural resources meet all of our needs indefinitely and that human ingenuity will see us through any difficulty | 3 | |
1694491232 | Cassandra | A worldview that predicts doom and disaster as a result of our environmental impacts | 4 | |
1694491233 | Controlled experiment | An experiment in which the effects of all variables are held constant, except the one whose effect is being tested by comparison of treatment and control conditions | 5 | |
1694491234 | Control | The portion of an experiment in which a variable has been left unmanipulated, to serve as a point of comparison with the treatment | 6 | |
1694491235 | Data | Information, generally quantitive imformation | 7 | |
1694491236 | Dependent variable | The variable that is affected by manipulation of the independent variable | 8 | |
1694491237 | Experiment | An activity designed to test that validity of a hypothesis by manipulating variables | 9 | |
1694491238 | Environmentalism | A social movement dedicated to protecting the natural world | 10 | |
1694491239 | Environmental studies | An academic environmental science program that heavily incorporates the social sciences as well as the natural sciences | 11 | |
1694491240 | Environmental science | The study of how the natural world functions and how humans and the environment interact | 12 | |
1694491241 | Environment | The sum total of our surroundings, including all of the living things and nonliving things with which we interact | 13 | |
1694491242 | Ecosystem service | An essential service an ecosystem provides that supports life and makes economic activity possible | 14 | |
1694491243 | Ecological footprint | The cumulative amount of land and water required to provide the raw materials a person or population consumes and to dispose of or recycle the waste that is produced | 15 | |
1694491244 | Fossil fuel | A nonrenewable natural resource, such as crude oil, natural gas, or coal, produced by the decomposition and compression of organic matter from ancient life | 16 | |
1694491245 | Hypothesis | A statement that attempts to explain a phenomenon or answer a scientific question | 17 | |
1694491246 | Industrial Revolution | The shift in the mid 1700s from rural life, animal powered agriculture, and manufacturing craftsmen to an urban society powered by fossil fuels | 18 | |
1694491247 | Independent variable | The variable that the scientist manipulates in a manipulative experiment | 19 | |
1694491248 | Interdisciplinary field | A field that borrow techniques from several more traditional field of study and brings together research results from these fields into a broad synthesis | 20 | |
1694491249 | Manipulative experiment | An experiment in which the researcher actively chooses and manipulates the independent variable | 21 | |
1694491250 | Millennium Ecosystem Assessment | The most comprehensive scientific assessment of the present condition of the worlds ecological systems and their ability to continue supporting our civilization | 22 | |
1694491251 | Natural resource | Any of the various substances and energy sources we need in order to survive | 23 | |
1694491252 | Natural science | An academic discipline that studies the natural world | 24 | |
1694491253 | Natural experiment | An experiment in which the researcher cannot directly manipulate the variables and therefore must observe nature, comparing conditions in which variables differ, and interpret the results | 25 | |
1694491254 | Nonrenewable natural resource | A natural resource that is in finite supply and is formed much more slowly than we use it | 26 | |
1694491255 | Overshoot | The amount by which humanity has surpassed Earth's long-term carrying capacity for our species | 27 | |
1694491256 | Prediction | A specific statement, generally arising from a hypothesis, that can be tested directly and unequivocally | 28 | |
1694491257 | Peer review | The process by which a manuscript is submitted for publication in an academic journal is examined by other specialists in the field, who provide comments and criticism and judge whether the work merits publication in the journal | 29 | |
1694491258 | Paradigm | A dominant philosophical and theoretical framework within a scientific discipline | 30 | |
1694491259 | Renewable natural resource | A natural resource that is virtually unlimited or that is replenished by the environment over relatively short period of hours to weeks to years | 31 | |
1694491260 | Science | A systematic process for learning about the world and testing our understanding of it | 32 | |
1694491261 | Scientific method | A formalized method for testing idea with observations that involve several assumptions and a more or less consistent series of interrelated steps | 33 | |
1694491262 | Social science | An academic discipline that studies human interactions and institutions | 34 | |
1694491263 | Sustainablity | A guiding principle of environmental science that requires us to live in such a way as to maintain Earth's systems and its natural resources for the foreseeable future | 35 | |
1694491264 | Sustainable development | Development that satisfies our current needs without compromising the future availability of natural resources or our future quality of life | 36 | |
1694491265 | Triple bottom line | An approach to sustainability that attempts to meet environmental, economic, and social goals simultaneously | 37 | |
1694491266 | Treatment | The portion of an experiment in which a variable has been manipulated in order to test its effect | 38 | |
1694491267 | Theory | A widely accepted, well-tested explanation of one of more cause-and-effect relationships that has been extensively validated by a great amount of research | 39 | |
1694491268 | Variable | In an experiment, a condition that can change | 40 | |
1694491269 | Worldview | A way of looking at the world that reflects a persons beliefs about the meaning, purpose, operation, and essence of the world | 41 | |
1694491270 | Tragedy of the commons | When publicly accessible resources are open to unregulated exploitation, they inevitably become overused and, as a result, are damaged and depleted | 42 |
Chpt 1 Science and Sustainability Flashcards
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