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| 238662714 | the Minoans | early agean people. successful leaders from the island of Crete. adapted ideas and technology from Egypt and Mesopotamia. detailed frescoes provide insight into classical civilization | 0 | |
| 238662715 | the Mycenaean | greek sea traders. dominated agean world. borrowed extensively from the Minoans, Egyptians and Mesopotamian. developed city-states. best remembered for role in trojan war. overrun by Borian invasion. | 1 | |
| 238662716 | the borians | greek sea raiders. invaded and conquered mycenae. destructive force; caused the decline of cities and trade writing throughout the Mediterranean. | 2 | |
| 238662717 | Cyrus the great | est. the persian empire. northern middle east and northwestern india. indo-european conquerors. | 3 | |
| 238662718 | kingdom of Mycenae develops in the south | heavily influenced by egyptian culture of Crete | 4 | |
| 238662719 | development of strong city-states | autonomy-self control. trade. writen language based upon pheonician alphabet. olympic games. | 5 | |
| 238662720 | sparta | strong military aristocracy. large slave population. | 6 | |
| 238662721 | athens | diverse comercial state. artistic and intellectual leadership (two cities cooperate with Athens to defeat persian army). Pericles- aristocratic political figure (democratic political structure- each citizen participates in city-state assemblies to select officials and pass citizens). evoloves into direct democracy | 7 | |
| 238662722 | direct democracy | all "citizens" regardless to wealth or status could participate. jury system; consisted of up to 1000 jurors at a time. citizens could ostracize public figures demand a threat to city-state | 8 | |
| 238662723 | anthroporphic | greeks viewed gods as acting and looking like humans | 9 | |
| 238662724 | Persian War | Athenians defeat the Persians at marathon (defeat the armies of Darius the Great). Greek city-states unite against second invasion (defeat the armies of emperor xerxes. leads to spartan and delian leagues(loose confederation of city-states)) | 10 | |
| 238662725 | Peloponnesian wars | series of battles between Athens and Sparta for Greek Domination (fueled by spartan jealousy of Athenian strength. Greek world splits into rival camps. depletes both city-states of soldiers and resources) Phillip II of Macedonia conquers Greece (succeeded by his son Alexander the great) | 11 | |
| 238662726 | Hellenistic periood | time where Greek art and culture merges with influence from middle east (Alexandria (Egypt) becomes a center of world trade and culture. | 12 | |
| 238662727 | philosophy | sophists- questioned accepted ideas. wanted thing proven. Socrates, Plato, Aristotle | 13 | |
| 238662728 | poetry and drama | tragedies tell of human suffering; Aeschylus (divine justice (Karma)), Sophocles (Oedipus Rex) and Euripides (comedy). comedies make fun of people; Aristophanes | 14 | |
| 238662729 | recording history | Herodotus and Thucydides set standards fir future historians. | 15 | |
| 238662730 | architecture and art | architecture sought to reflect harmony in universe. sculptors emphasized realistic human forms | 16 | |
| 238662731 | 1st century BCE | rome conquers greece | 17 | |
| 238662732 | rome first est. as local monarchy | driven out by aristocrats. est. roman republic= republican govt. est. after fall of local monarchy ("govt. by the people" | 18 | |
| 238662733 | rome develops strong military | extends influence throughout italian peninsula and greece. punic wars. increasing military victories- unstable empire (civil war breaks out (julius ceasar comes to power-end of roman republic) suceeded by augustus ceasar. | 19 | |
| 238662734 | punic wars | series of 3 wars against pheonician city of carthage (Africa) (defeat invading forces of hannibal. destroy city of Carthage. extend empire along African coast to Egypt) | 20 | |
| 238662735 | Augustus Ceasar | comes into power after assasination of Julius. est. the Roman Empire (italian peninsula, spain, North Africa, france, great britain, germany, Turkey) peace and prosperity. Pax Romana Golden | 21 | |
| 238662736 | 476* | rome is sacked by invaders from the north after several years of decline. | 22 | |
| 238662737 | Constantine | roman emperor, adapted christianity in 313* becomes official religion of Roman Empire | 23 | |
| 238662738 | polis | city-state | 24 | |
| 238662739 | politics | dominant force in greek and roman everyday life. active participation and frequent discussion in city-state affairs | 25 | |
| 238662740 | citizen | "ownership" of the city-state. rights and obligations. "citizenship as a privilege" | 26 | |
| 238662741 | Athens | direct democracy=govt. where major decisions of state are made by general assemblies in which all citizens could participate. | 27 | |
| 238662742 | Pericles | Govt. of 5th century Athens. Assembly which meet every ten days (executive officers and judges chosen at randon. everyone and anyone capable of govt. participation. chosen for brief terms and subject to review of assembly. no political rights for women. slaves and foreigners denied citizenship) | 28 | |
| 238662743 | aristocratic assemblys | most popular form of city-state govt. in greece. est. guidlines for city-state policy (aristocracy= greek word for "rule of the best") | 29 | |
| 238662744 | rome senate | most important legislative body of roman politics; aristocratic members held virtually all executive offices | 30 | |
| 238662745 | rome consuls | 2 political bodies, shared executive powers (importance of political particiation and discussion. self rule allowed of outer religions of empire [integrating factor]. tolerance of religions and customs [integrating factor]. emphasis on the law (the 12 tablets. protect commerce and aristocrats equally. importance of rule over personal whim. *property law and laws of commerce* | 31 |
