Chapter 3
Terms : Hide Images
| 298922967 | Buddha | creator of a major Indian and Asian religion; born in the 6th century B.C.E.; taught that enlightenment could be achieved only by abandoning desires for earthly things. | 0 | |
| 298922968 | Himalayas | Mountain region marking the northern border of the Indian subcontinent; site of the Aryan settlements that formed small kingdoms or warrior republics | 1 | |
| 298922969 | monsoon | seasonal winds crossing in Indian subcontinent and southeast Asia; during summer bring rains. | 2 | |
| 298922970 | Sanskrit | the first writing system of the Aryans, developed around 1000 b.c. | 3 | |
| 298922971 | Vedas | sacred texts in the Hindu religion, they are a set of four collections of hymns and religious ceremonies transmitted by memory through the centuries by Aryan priests | 4 | |
| 298922972 | Mahabharata | Indian epic of war, princely honor, love, and social duty; written down in the last centuries B.C.E.; previously handed down in oral form. | 5 | |
| 298922973 | Ramayana | one of the great epic tales from classical India; traces adventures of King Rama and his wife, Sita | 6 | |
| 298922974 | Upanishads | commentaries on the Vedas that are considered sacred texts in the Hindu religion | 7 | |
| 298922975 | Varnas | social classes in Indian society | 8 | |
| 298922976 | untouchables | LOWEST LEVEL OF INDIAN SOCIETY; not considered a real part of the caste system; often given degrading jobs; their life was extremely difficult | 9 | |
| 298922977 | Indra | chief god of the Aryans, associated with war and thunder | 10 | |
| 298922978 | Chandragupta Maurya | founder of Maurya dynasty; established first empire in Indian subcontinent; first centralized government since Harappan civilization | 11 | |
| 298922979 | Mauryan | Dynasty established in Indian subcontinent in 4th century B.C.E. following invasion by Alexander the Great. | 12 | |
| 298922980 | Ashoka | grandson of Chandragupta Maurya; completed conquests of Indian subcontinent; converted to Buddhism and sponsored spread of new religion throughout his empire | 13 | |
| 298922981 | dharma | the caste position and career determined by a person's birth; Hindu culture required that one accept one's social position and perform occupation to the best of one's ability in order to have a better situation in the next life | 14 | |
| 298922982 | Kushans | Dynasty that succeeded the Mauryas in northwestern India; sponsors of Buddhism; empire did not extend to Ganges River valley. | 15 | |
| 298922983 | Guptas | dynasty the succeeded the Kushans in the 3rd century CE; built empire that extended to all but the southern regions of Indian subcontinent; less centralized than Mauryan Empire; claimed divine rule; demanding system of taxation; established universities | 16 | |
| 298922984 | Kautilya | Political advisor to Chandragupta Maurya; one of the authors of Arthashastra; believed in scientific application of warfare. | 17 | |
| 298922985 | gurus | Originally referred to as Brahmans who served as teachers for the princes of the imperial court of the Guptas | 18 | |
| 298922986 | Vishnu | A Hindu god considered the preserver of the world | 19 | |
| 298922987 | Shiva | an important Hindu deity who in the trinity of gods was the Destroyer | 20 | |
| 298922988 | reincarnation | belief that the individual soul is reborn in a different form after death | 21 | |
| 298922989 | nirvana | any place of complete bliss and delight and peace, The state of englightenment for Buddhists. | 22 | |
| 298922990 | Kamasutra | Written by Vatsayana during Gupta era; offered instructions on all aspects of life for higher caste males, including grooming, hygiene, etiquette, selection of wives, and instruction on lovemaking | 23 | |
| 298922991 | stupas | Stone shrines built to house pieces of bone and personal possessions said to be relics of the Buddha; preserved Buddhist architectural forms. | 24 |
