What's the significance? terms/concepts for Strayer Chapter 4
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| A huge empire ranging from Asia Minor to India; Darius I unified the empire in the 5th century bce by creating provinces and giving each province a ruler (satraps); constructed 1,700-mile long royal road; encouraged a money economy with coins rather than goods. | ||
| First known example of direct democracy. Free citizens chosen by election and lot to sit on large juries and assemblies and run the affairs of state. | ||
| Two Persian invasions of Greece, 490 and 480 bce, were defeated on both land and by sea. | ||
| Alexander III of Macedon (356-323 BCE). Established 1st global empire, conquering lands from Greece to India, but no lasting bureaucracy; spread of Hellenism (greek culture) most lasting achievement. | ||
| (336-31 bce.) Spread of Greek culture to southwest Asia, India, and mediterranean coast of Africa. Encouraged advancement of science. | ||
| Great-nephew and adopted son Julius Caesar. Became emperor of Rome (27 bce to 14 ce) at end of civil war. Began period known as Pax Romana or Roman peace. (Aka Octavian.) | ||
| A period of peace and prosperity throughout the Roman Empire, lasting from 27 bce to 180 ce. | ||
| Ruler of China who united China for the first time. He built road and canals and began the Great Wall of China. He also imposed a standard system of laws, money, weights, and writing. | ||
| Chinese dynasty that succeeded the Qin in 202 bce and ruled until 220 ce; established by peasant revolt after death of Shi Huangdi; reduced taxes and brutalities; expanded empire; Emperor WuTi (enforcer of peace); established Confucian Civil Service Exam. | ||
| The first state to unify most of the Indian subcontinent. It was founded by Chandragupta Maurya in 324 bce and survived until 184 bce. From its capital at Pataliputra in the Ganges Valley it grew wealthy from taxes. | ||
| Third ruler of the Mauryan Empire in India (270-232 bce). He converted to Buddhism and broadcast his precepts on inscribed stones and pillars, the earliest surviving Indian writing. | ||
| (323-83 BCE) Alexander the Great's former general Seleucus- controlled Persia after Alexander the Great died. Largest of Alexander's successor states. Faced rebellions by satraps and Parthians. Spread Hellenism. | ||
| Political control of one state over others; a multiethnic and multilingual state ruled by force. | ||
| Athenian reformer of the 6th century bce; established laws that eased the burden of debt on farmers, forbade enslavement for debt. | ||
| Athenian leader noted for advancing democracy in Athens and for ordering the construction of the Parthenon. (495-421 bce.) | ||
| Indo-European pastoralists who moved into India about the time of the collapse of the Indus Valley civilization; their role in causing this collapse is still debated by historians. | ||
| Founder of Persian Empire (557-530 BCE); a ruler noted for his conquests, religious tolerance, and political moderation. | ||
| Great King of Persia (522-486 BCE) following the upheavals after Cyrus's death; completed the establishment of the Persian Empire. | ||
| An empire of India (320-550 CE). | ||
| Greek historian known as "father of history" (ca. 484-425 BCE). His Histories enunciated the Greek view of a fundamental divide between East and West, culminating in the Greco-Persian Wars. | ||
| A heavily armed Greek infrantryman. Over time, the ability to afford a hoplite panoply and to fight for the city came to define Greek citizenship. | ||
| The territory of Greek settlements on the coast of Anatolia; the main bone of contention between the Greeks and Persians. | ||
| Wealthy, privileged Romans who dominated early Roman society. | ||
| Great war between Athens (and allies) and Sparta (and allies), lasting from 431 to 404 BCE. Ended in defeat of Athens and its Golden Age. | ||
| The capital and greatest palace-city of the Persian Empire, destroyed by Alexander the Great. | ||
| Poorer, less privileged Romans who gradually won a role in Roman politics. | ||
| Three major wars between Rome and Carthage in North Africa, fought between 264 and 146 BCE, culminated in Roman control of western Mediterranean. | ||
| Han emperor (141-86 BCE) who began the Chinese civil service system by establishing an academy to train imperial bureaucrats. | ||
| Nomadic peoples to the north of the Great Wall of China who were a frequent threat to the stability of the Chinese state. | ||
| A major Chinese peasant revolt that began in 184 CE and helped cause the fall of the Han Dynasty. |
