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| american flag seamstress | ||
| dissasatisified member of the Massacuesettes Bay colony who took (1636) settlers with him to found Hartford and he helped write the (Fundamental Orders of Ct.) first state constitution in the U.S. | ||
| 1607: First permanent English settlement in North America. Led by Smith. | ||
| 1775-81: Original 13 colonies @ war with UK over independence | ||
| Key author of the US Declaration of Independence. 3rd president | ||
| 1791: First 10 amendments to the constitution. | ||
| 1870-80's: Nat'l politics, corruption, spoils system, immense capitalist wealth. Coined by Mark Twian | ||
| 1840-50's: O'Sullivan's thesis. Justified expansion from "sea to sea" on eco., racial, & spiritual basis. | ||
| 1540-1623: "The History of the Dividing Line" (describes the early US frontier). Composer also. | ||
| 1831: Slave and insurrectionist rebellion (Virginia) leader. Captured & executed. | ||
| 1820: Pact between pro & anti-slavery factions in the US re: the extension of slavery into new territories | ||
| 1587-?: 1st child of UK parents born in US. Part of "Lost Colony of Roanoke Island" | ||
| 1865-77: Confederate states reorganized & reintegrated into the Union | ||
| 1603-83: Founded RI ('44) to separate Church and State. Kicked out of Mass. colony by puritans. | ||
| 1644-1718: Englishman and Quaker who founded the colony of Pennsylvania | ||
| 1588-1649: Governor. Key in forming Mass's govt. and shaping its legislative policy. Founded Boston. | ||
| 1846: Leads Mormons to Utah & b/c gov. in 1850. Washington sent a federal army in 1857 against them. | ||
| Sir Walter Raleigh hired John White to lead a group of settlers there that included woman and children (1587). White sailed back to England to get supplies, but a war with Spain prevented him from returning for three years. When a rescue crew eventually arrived, the only thing they found was the word "Croatoan" carved into a tree. | ||
| End of civil war, Andrew Johnson became president when Lincoln was assassinated (april 1865). Congress was in recess so Johnson appointed provisional governers who called constitutional conventions. Required to outlaw slavery and repudiate secession. Also prohibited several groups of Southerners from political activity. When Congress reconvened in December 1865, it refused to seat the new southern Congressional representatitves and appointed a joint commitee to reexamine Reconstruction policy. | ||
| Chief elements: Fourteenth Amendment Reconstruction Act of 1867 Fifteenth Amendment | ||
| 1.) All persons born or naturalized in the United States, including African Americans, are citizens of the United States; 2.) If the right to vote was denied to any male citizens over the age of 21- except for participation in rebellion or other crimes- representation was to reduced proportionately. 3.) Individuals who had preciously taken oath to support the Consitution of the US and then participated in rebellion were prohibited from taking office. 4.) The Confederate debt was null and void. | ||
| 1.) Divison of the South into five military districts until new governments have been established. 2.) Confederate leaders disallowed from voting until new state constitutions were ratified. 3.) African American guarenteed the right to vote in elections for constitutional conventions and all subsequent elections. 4.) Southern states required to ratify the Fourteenth Amendement and their new consitutions which were then to be approved by Congress. | ||
| Stated that citizens could not be denied the right to vote "on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude." | ||
| Congress passed several acts restricting the power of the president, among them the Tenure of Office Act, which required Senate approval for chanes in the president's cabinet. When Johnson sought to remove Secretary of War Edward M. Stanton, the House of Reprensentatives boted in 1868 to indict the president. The Senate fells one vote short of the two-thirds majority required for conviction. | ||
| The Republican party emerged to power as the states elected representatives, including many blacks, to the constitutional conventions. The new consitutions included reforms, among them the removal of property requirements for voting the office-holding and provisions of public schools. After ratifying the consitutions, the states elected new governments, again with Republican majorities. | ||
| KKK emerged, introducing a campaign of terror aimed at intimitading blacks and their white Republican allies. | ||
| Schools were founded and the Freedman's Bureau operated over 4,000 schools and established Howard University. Blacks formed their own churches. turned to sharecropping to raise money and the landowners manipulated them, putting them in dept, pushing southern agriculture into depression. | ||
| Ulysses S. Grant became the president and tried to avoid confrontations with the South. 4000 federal troops were stationed in southern states outside of Texas. Liberal Republicans were opposed to federal intervention in the South. | ||
| Pardoned all but 500 former Confederates, thereby greatly strengthening the Democratic party. | ||
| Attention turned to economic issues, with arguements centering over whether to keep Civil War paper money in circulation or whther to reutn to hard money. | ||
| Rutherford B. Hayes was one vote short of winning but congress set up a special electoral commission which voted Hayes the president. Reconstruction ended. | ||
| When whites began settling in the Plains, they killed millions of buffalo so that by the 1880s only a few hundred were left. Increased conflict among Native American tribes and between whites and Native Americans. | ||
| 1862- lincoln signed this act. Hundreds of thousands of people poured into the praries of eastern Kansas, Nebraska, and the Dakotas (great plains). Homestead Act provided 160 acres of free land in exchange for five years of settlement and cultivation. | ||
| The first trancontinental railroad was completed on May 10, 1869. No more created until 1880s because of the depressed economy. | ||
| 1860s-1920s. The "crop lien" system, whereby merchants advanced credit to farmers for a portion of the upcoming crop, most often resulted in overcharges and permanent indebtedness. | ||
| Demand for steel. Production centered in Ohio, PA, and Alabama. Petroleum industry also grew. | ||
| An attempt to improve their lot. National Labor Union disintegrated in the wake of widespread strikes in 1877 that were suppressed by state militias and federal troops. | ||
| Europe were immigrating to America. Some 26 million immigrants arrived in America between 1870 and 1920- the "New Immigration"- coming from southern to eastern Europe, rather than northern Europe as had most earlier immigrant. Many were Jewish or Catholic. | ||
| Increasing amount of leisure time encouraged the development of commerical entertainment. Professional baseball, college football, variety shows. | ||
| Sought to apply christian principles to labor-management relationships. | ||
| Caused by scandals in the Grant adminstration.Led to formation of the National Civil Service Reform League in 1881. | ||
| National Woman Suffrage Association and American Woman Suffrage Association fought for both the right to vote and legal reforms fr women. | ||
| ... | ||
| 1861-1865 | ||
| 1867, reduced power of President Andrew Johnson | ||
| 1861, | ||
| 1863,- "enrollment act". 1st one that worked. | ||
| 1863 | ||
| 1756-1763 | ||
| 1836, required that only gold or silver bank notes backed by gold and silver could be used to pay for public land | ||
| 1804, required the electoral college to vote separately for president and vice president | ||
| 1854, it said that if Spain wouldnt sell Cuba to the US, the US had the right to seize the island by force | ||
| 1766, passed after Parliament rescinded the Stamp Act and said that Parliament had the power to make laws that were binding on American colonists | ||
| 1765, required colonists to pay for maintenance of British troops stationed in America | ||
| 1764, forbade colonists to issue currency not redeemable in silver or gold | ||
| 1764, taxed goods imported into the colonies and was strictly enforced | ||
| 1765, 1st direct tax on Americans; imposed duties on newspapers and legal documents | ||
| 1814, | ||
| 1794, provided for evacuation of English troops from their posts along the Great Lakes | ||
| 1797-98, France demanded a bribe before treaty negotiations could begin and an apology for remarks made about France by President Adams; it led to quasi-war with France | ||
| 1848, the US paid Mexico $15 million, took on $3 million in debts that Mexico owed to the Americas, US gained Texas, New Mexico and Upper California, US promised to respect civil and property rights of Mexicans in newly acquired territory | ||
| 1783, the boundaries of the US were Canada, Florida and the Mississippi River | ||
| general search warrants used by British to cut down on American evasion of mercantile regulations | ||
| 1798, introduced the idea that individual states could nullify or set aside federal laws with which they agreed in response to Alien and Sedition Acts | ||
| 1789, provided for a 6-judge Supreme Court, 3 circuit courts, office of attorney general, and gave Supreme Court the power to review state laws that conflicted with federal statutes | ||
| 1493 drawn by Pope west of Cape Verde islands diving the heathen world into an eastern segment reserved for Portuguese conquest and a western section reserved for Spain | ||
| Senate | ||
| guarantees Americans the right to a speedy trial | ||
| Congress | ||
| a single interest group (faction) | ||
| fur trade, small population, ethnic diversity of settllers, and wealth. Did not have friendly relations with neighboring Amerindians | ||
| warfare, diveristy of hunting, fishing and farming; division of labor by gender; reliance on oral culture; and animistic religion | ||
| exploiting Indians, establishing slavery, introduced horses, created lg plantations. Not bringing large families to live in America | ||
| they wanted to create a perfect Christian /religious utopia | ||
| living in tightley clustered communities | ||
| establish English control over the Indians in New England | ||
| Queen Anne's war, King George's war, King Williams war, the Seven Years War | ||
| universal manhood suffrage (only white adult males over 21 with property and who were the right religion were allowed to vote) | ||
| the Writs of Assistance case | ||
| the Townsend Duties | ||
| securing America an alliance with France | ||
| Maryland | ||
| supply England with raw materials | ||
| Roger Sherman | ||
| its inability to stop the practice of British impressment | ||
| Aaron Burr and Thomas Jefferson | ||
| raise good republican sons and daughters | ||
| the Louisiana Purchase in 1803, the expedition embarked in 1804 | ||
| Burrs scheme to create a new country by kidnapping President Jefferson | ||
| the Battle of New Orleans | ||
| the rise of commercial agriculture | ||
| Temperance, revivalism, women's rights, and education | ||
| the selection of Henry Clay as John Quincy Adams' secretary of state ( Jackson believed a deal had been struck and popular vote had been denied) | ||
| the veto, a "kitchen cabinet", the spoils system, and public opinion | ||
| Stanley Elkins | ||
| George Fitzhugh | ||
| the North feared a growing slave power in the United States | ||
| Texas, Nevada, New Mexico, California, Utah, Arizona, and Wyoming | ||
| 15 million | ||
| 1847 | ||
| the Fugitive Slave Law | ||
| the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional and that blacks could not become citizens and therefore could not sue in court | ||
| 40 % | ||
| the articles of Confederation | ||
| no | ||
| the Homestead Act | ||
| provide economic independence to ex-slaves | ||
| Rutherford B Hayes | ||
| The invention of new navigational instruments such as the compass and astrolabe that made long-distance ocean voyages possible | ||
| political leaders could have no authority over religious matters, and that the English should buy land from the Indians and that individuals had the right to worship according to their own conscience | ||
| Pennsylvania, Delaware, New York and New Jersey | ||
| Louisburg in 1758. The British were able to cut off French reinforcments and supplies to America | ||
| the voyage between Africa and America that the slaves took | ||
| they were all advocates of religious toleration | ||
| the British mercantilist policy | ||
| The Boston Tea Party of 1773 | ||
| the American Revolution | ||
| at Philadelphia in 1787 | ||
| proposed to assume both the state debts and the debts of the Conferation in 1790 | ||
| reduce the federal budget | ||
| Florida in 1819 | ||
| The American System by Henry Clay | ||
| rhetorical egalitarianism | ||
| native-born Southerners who cooperated with the Northern authorities | ||
| the law that Congress passed in 1873 to take silver coins off the list of standard coins | ||
| 1860 | ||
| Issuing the Specie Circular | ||
| Virginia | ||
| excessive investments in railroads | ||
| Seneca, Cayuga, Onondaga, Mowhawk and Tuscaroras | ||
| Congress | ||
| S. Douglas Clay Clahoun Seward Chase Davis | ||
| Jackson on Clay becoming Adams SofS | ||
| Stanley Elkins | ||
| Northern's fear over slavery power | ||
| 1855- group of anti-immigrants, secret membership that feared more catholic immigrants | ||
| removal of silver coins from list of standard coins | ||
| 1867- restricted power of pres to remove appointees of past presidents | ||
| manufacturing | ||
| Townshend Duties | ||
| Treaty With Spain - Gave Spain New Orleans, FL. Missippi access | ||
| Indians defeated by General Wayne. 1794. ohio | ||
| Rejection of Whiskey Tax- 1794 | ||
| Adams attempt to suppress free speech | ||
| state rejection of Alien and Sedition Acts | ||
| established Supreme Court's ability to rule on constitution | ||
| Crazy Aaron Burr attempt to takeover Mexico, tried for treason | ||
| Brit intercept US ship, take sailors. 1807 off of VA coast | ||
| No American ships to foreign ports | ||
| opened trade to all nations except UK and France | ||
| Attempted to establish Indian dominance in old Northwest | ||
| Defeated Techumseh | ||
| Henry Clay and John Calhoun agitating for 1812 war | ||
| 1812 Admiral, "Don't Give Up The Ship" | ||
| After Treaty of Ghent, Jackson beats Brits | ||
| Restoration of pre-1812 war status quo | ||
| Northeast, threat succession. December 15, 1814-January 4, 1815 | ||
| against cheap British goods | ||
| removal of British in the great lakes | ||
| US defeat N. African pirates, gets access to Mediterranean | ||
| Spains sell US Florida | ||
| US will block European imperialism | ||
| Georgia State law voided because it violated US constitution | ||
| Government's ability to control corporation limited | ||
| no state has the right to control federal agency | ||
| Only Congress can regulate interstate trade | ||
| Maine comes in free, Missouri comes in slave, Clay's plan | ||
| Public funded road between Cumberland and Wheeling | ||
| rotating labor for factories | ||
| Wrote History of the Revoluton | ||
| Southern protest against import duties | ||
| Democratic Republicans | ||
| Jackson's 1830 act to move Indians west of Mississippi | ||
| Supreme Court acknowledged Cherokee claim to be soverign state | ||
| Early Nullification debate featuring Webster's rhetorical splendor | ||
| Calhoun authored attempt to have S.C. secede | ||
| Jackson's response to Ordinance of Nullification | ||
| Nicholas Biddle | ||
| Martin Van Buren, aka Old Kinderhook | ||
| Dorothea Dix | ||
| Early Woman's movement- 1848 | ||
| William Lloyd Garrison | ||
| harvesting machine | ||
| Gabriel Prosser | ||
| Denmark Vesey. revolt discovered and did not happen. (he was executed-1822) | ||
| Nat Turner- 1831 death | ||
| Land for Colleges | ||
| The first agreement for self-government in America. It was signed in 1620 by the 41 men on the Mayflower and set up a government for the Plymouth colony. | ||
| One of the first settlements in New England; established in 1630 and became a major Puritan colony. Became the state of Massachusetts, originally where Boston is located. It was a major trading center, and absorbed the Plymouth community | ||
| English Protestants wh owould not accept allegiance in any form to the Church of England. Included the Pilgrims and Quakers | ||
| Puritan dissenter banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony who fled to Rhode Island in 1638 | ||
| A dissenter who clashed with the Massachusetts Puritans over separation of church and state and was banished in 1636, after which he founded the colony of Rhode Island to the south | ||
| A Puritan church document; In 1662, the Halfway Covenant allowed partial membership rights to persons not yet converted into the Puritan church; It lessened the difference between the "elect" members of the church from the regular members; Women soon made up a larger portion of Puritan congregations. | ||
| 1675 - A series of battles in New Hampshire between the colonists and the Wompanowogs, led by a chief known as King Philip. The war was started when the Massachusetts government tried to assert court jurisdiction over the local Indians. The colonists won with the help of the Mohawks, and this victory opened up additional Indian lands for expansion. | ||
| A company in whih investors pool their resources for a major commericial undertaking | ||
| The first official legislative assembly in the Colonies | ||
| Rebellion of discontent former landless servants led by Nathaniel Bacon. Though the rebellion was crushed, it caused a move from indentured servants to African slaves for labor purposes. | ||
| Printer, author, inventor, diplomat, statesman, and Founding Father. One of the few Americans who was highly respected in Europe, primarily due to his discoveries in the field of electricity. | ||
| Religious revival in the American colonies of the eighteenth century during which a number of new Protestant churches were established. | ||
| A Congregationalist preacher of the Great Awakening who spoke of the fiery depths of hell. | ||
| Preacher who traveled throughout the colonies: He said the key test of election (salvation) is an emotional conversion experience | ||
| Act concerning religion; passed in 1649 by colonial assembly 'Province of Maryland' mandating religious toleration. CAlverts (founded Maryland) wanted to attract settlers= profitable. safe haven for catholics | ||
| an economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought | ||
| plan proposed by Benjamin Franklin in 1754 that aimed to unite the 13 colonies for trade, military, and other purposes; the plan was turned down by the colonies and the Crown | ||
| Officially ended French/Indian war, Britain dominated | ||
| issued by King goege III following Great Britain's acquisition of French territory in North America after the end of the French and Indian War/Seven Years' War. organize Britain's vast new North American empire, and to stabilize relations with North American Indians through regulation of trade, settlement, and land purchases on the western frontier. forbade Americans from settling or buying land west of the Appalachians. | ||
| Laws that governed trade between England and its colonies. Colonists were required to ship certain products exclusively to England. These acts made colonists very angry because they were forbidden from trading with other countries. | ||
| placed a tax on molasses and sugar which was suppose to stop the smuggling and bribery that was associated with the tax on molasses | ||
| an agreement that pledged not to import or use goods imported from great britain | ||
| colonists, formed to keep colonies informed of events and organize protests against British (boycotts, riots, articles) | ||
| delegate of Pennsylvania, who led a group that favored quick reconciliation with Great Britain as opposed to independence. | ||
| British soldiers fired into a crowd of colonists who were teasing and taunting them. Five colonists were killed. The colonists blamed the British and the Sons of Liberty and used this incident as an excuse to promote the Revolution. | ||
| A network of communicaiton set up in Massachusetts and Virginia to inform other colonies of ways that Britain threatened colonial rights | ||
| in response to Boston Tea Party, 4 acts passed in 1774, Port of Boston closed, reduced power of assemblies in colonies, permitted royal officers to be tried elsewhere, provided for quartering of troop's in barns and empty houses | ||
| It met in 1776 and drafted and signed the Declaration of Independence, which justified the Revolutionary War and declared that the colonies should be independent of Britain. | ||
| Virginian, patriot, general, and president. Lived at Mount Vernon. Led the Revolutionary Army in the fight for independence. First President of the United States. | ||
| he advised the nation to steer clear of permanent allies and he urged us to have as little connection as possible | ||
| On July 8, 1775, the colonies made a final offer of peace to Britain, agreeing to be loyal to the British government if it addressed their grievances (repealed the Coercive Acts, ended the taxation without representation policies). It was rejected by Parliament, which in December 1775 passed the American Prohibitory Act forbidding all further trade with the colonies. | ||
| A pamphlet written by Thomas Paine in 1776 to convince the colonists that it was time to become independent. | ||
| Stated that the colonies should be independent and sever all political ties with Britain. It was adopted by Congress and was the first step towards independence. | ||
| Virginian, architect, author, governor, and president. Lived at Monticello. Wrote the Declaration of Independence. Second governor of Virgina. Third president of the United States. Designed the buildings of the University of Virginia. | ||
| Ended the Revolution, recognized American Independence, granted all land south of Canada to Florida & Atlantic to Mississippi to Americans | ||
| A New York editor whose trial for seditious libel backfired on the government; the jury found that truth was a defense for libel. | ||
| Delegate to the Constitutional Convention and leader of the Federalists; first secretary of the treasury. | ||
| Cartographer, explorer, governor of New France. The major role Champlain played in the St Lawrence River area earned him the title of "father of New France." | ||
| President John Adams said that you could not speak or write anything against him of the U.S. government. It also increased time for people to become citizens. These laws were to keep people from joining the Democrats or Republicans | ||
| agreement between the united states and spain that changed floridas border and made it easier for american ships to use the port of new orleans | ||
| A number of land grants in North America given by King Charles II of England in the latter half of the 17th century, ostensibly as a reward to his supporters in the Stuart Restoration. The grants marked the resumption of English colonization of the Americas after a 30-year hiatus. The two major restoration colonies were the Province of Pennsylvania and the Province of Carolina. | ||
| 1820 compromise of the admission of MIssouri into the United States. Admitted Missouri as a slave state, and Maine as a free state | ||
| Jefferson's political party - limited government, focus on agriculture, alliance with France | ||
| Series of essays that defended the Constitution and tried to reassure Americans that the states would not be overpowered by the federal government. | ||
| This document, the nation's first constitution, was adopted by the Second Continental Congress in 1781 during the Revolution. The document was limited because states held most of the power, and Congress lacked the power to tax, regulate trade, or control coinage. | ||
| a group of First Nations/Native Americans that originally consisted of five nations: the Mohawk, the Oneida, the Onondaga, the Cayuga, and the Seneca. | ||
| George Grenville invoked this concept to explain why Parliament could legally tax the colonists even though the colonists could not elect any members of Parliament. | ||
| this conflict in Massachusetts caused many to criticize the Articles of Confederation and admit the weak central government was not working; uprising led by Daniel Shays in an effort to prevent courts from foreclosing on the farms of those who could not pay the taxes | ||
| the constitution written at the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia in 1787 and subsequently ratified by the original thirteen states | ||
| Resulted from Britain's support of Indian hostilities along the frontier, interference with American trade, and impressments of American sailors into the British army (1812 - 1815) | ||
| Nineteenth-century idea in Western societies that men and women, especially of the middle class, should have clearly differentiated roles in society: women as wives, mothers, and homemakers; men as breadwinners and participants in business and politics. | ||
| Plundering pirates off the Mediterranean coast of Africa; President Thomas Jefferson's refusal to pay them tribute to protect American ships sparked an undeclared naval war with North African nations | ||
| A number of complex events set the stage that culminated in the most significant revolt in the history of enslaved Africans. | ||
| belief in the existence of a God on the evidence of reason and nature only, with rejection of supernatural revelation | ||
| an American foreign policy opposing interference in the Western hemisphere from outside powers | ||
| suggested that women would be responsible for raising their children to be virtuous citizens of the new American republic | ||
| meeting of delegates in 1787 to revise the Articles of Confederation, which produced the new U.S. Constitution |
