Terms : Hide Images
| 6636230914 | cognition | the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating | 0 | |
| 6636230915 | concept | a mental group of similar objects, events, ideas, or people | 1 | |
| 6636230916 | prototype | a mental image or best example of a category | 2 | |
| 6636230917 | algorithm | a methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem. Contrasts with the speedier -- but also more error prone -- use of heuristics. | 3 | |
| 6636230918 | heuristic | a simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently; usually speedier but also more error prone than algorithms | 4 | |
| 6636230919 | insight | a sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem; it contrasts with strategy-based solutions | 5 | |
| 6636230920 | creativity | the ability to produce novel and valuable ideas | 6 | |
| 6636230921 | confirmation bias | a tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence | 7 | |
| 6636230922 | fixation | the inability to see a problem from a new perspective, by employing a different mental set | 8 | |
| 6636230923 | mental set | a tendency to approach a problem in one particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past | 9 | |
| 6636230924 | functional fixedness | the tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions; an impediment to problem solving | 10 | |
| 6636230925 | representativeness heuristic | judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes; may lead us to ignore other relevant information | 11 | |
| 6636230926 | availability heuristic | estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory; if instances come readily to mind, we presume such events are common | 12 | |
| 6636230927 | overconfidence | the tendency to be more confident than correct -- to over-estimate the accuracy of our beliefs and judgments | 13 | |
| 6636230928 | belief perseverance | clinging to one's initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited | 14 | |
| 6636230929 | intuition | an effortless, immediate, automatic feeling or thought, as contrasted with explicit, conscious reasoning | 15 | |
| 6636230930 | framing | the way an issue is posed; how an issue is framed can significantly affect decisions and judgments | 16 | |
| 6636230931 | language | our spoken, written, or signed words and the ways we combine them to communicate meaning | 17 | |
| 6636230932 | phoneme | in language, the smallest distinctive sound | 18 | |
| 6636230933 | morpheme | in language, the smallest unit that carries meaning; may be a word or part of a word (such as a prefix) | 19 | |
| 6636230934 | grammar | in language, a system of rules that enables us to communicate with and understand others | 20 | |
| 6636230935 | semantics | the set of rules by which we derive meaning from morphemes, words, and sentences in a given language; the study of meaning | 21 | |
| 6636230936 | syntax | the rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences in a given language | 22 | |
| 6636230937 | babbling stage | beginning at about 4 months, the stage of speech development in which the infant spontaneously utters various sounds at first unrelated to the household language | 23 | |
| 6636230938 | one-word stage | the stage in speech development, from about 1 to 2, during which a child speaks mostly in single words | 24 | |
| 6636230939 | two-word stage | the stage in speech development, beginning around age 2, during which a child speaks mostly in two-word statements | 25 | |
| 6636230940 | telegraphic speech | early speech stage in which a child speaks like a telegram --"go car"--using mostly nouns and verbs | 26 | |
| 6636230941 | linguistic determinism | Whorf's hypothesis that language determines the way we think | 27 | |
| 6636230942 | linguistic relativity hypothesis | the idea that language influences (not necessarily limits) the thought process, modern view of the relationship between thoughts and language | 28 | |
| 6636230943 | cognitive map | a mental representation of an area or place | 29 | |
| 6636230944 | schema | a mental framework used to organize and interpret information (perspective) | 30 | |
| 6636230945 | critical period | an optimal period shortly after birth when an organism's exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces proper development | 31 | |
| 6636230946 | deductive reasoning | justifying a conclusion based on the truth of the premise; general to specific | 32 | |
| 6636230947 | inductive reasoning | form a conclusion based on the accessibility of information; specific to general | 33 | |
| 6636230948 | convergent thinking | thinking that is dominated by conforming to a single, correct answer | 34 | |
| 6636230949 | divergent thinking | thinking that is linked to creativity and finding multiple solutions to a problem | 35 | |
| 6636230950 | overgeneralization | the over-extension of grammar rules | 36 | |
| 6636230951 | overextension | when children are too broad with a particular vocabulary word (calling a horse a "doggie") | 37 | |
| 6636230952 | underextension | when children are too restrictive with vocabulary words | 38 |
