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| 678515624 | Genomics | The study of whole sets of genes and their interactions within a species, as well as genome comparisons between species | 0 | |
| 678515625 | Bioinformatic | The use of computers, software, and mathematical models to process and integrate biological information from large data sets | 1 | |
| 678515626 | linkage map | the order of genes and other inherited markers in the genome and the relative distances between then -more often to cross over and have variation if genes are far away because they have more opportunity and time to do so | 2 | |
| 678515627 | Genome shotgun approach | Skip the linkage mapping and physical mapping stages and starts directly with the sequencing of DNA fragments from randomly | 3 | |
| 678515628 | homeobox | one of various similar homeotic genes that are involved in bodily segmentation during embryonic development | 4 | |
| 678515629 | metagenomics | DNA from a group of species is collected from an environmental sample and sequenced | 5 | |
| 678515630 | gene annotation | The identification of protein coding genes within DNA sequences in a database | 6 | |
| 678515631 | proteomics | the branch of genetics that studies the full set of proteins encoded by a genome | 7 | |
| 678515632 | pseudogenes | A DNA segment very similar to a real gene but which does not yield a functional product; a gene that has become inactivated in a particular species because of mutation. | 8 | |
| 678515634 | repetitive DNA | Nucleotide sequences, usually noncoding, that are present in many copies in a eukaryotic genome. The repeated units may be short and arranged tandemly (in series) or long and dispersed in the genome. | 9 | |
| 678515637 | transposable elements | Genetic element that has the ability to move (transpose) from one site on a chromosome to another. | 10 | |
| 678515639 | simple sequence DNA | contains many copies of tandemly repeated short sequences | 11 | |
| 678515641 | short tandem repeats | (STR) simple sequence DNA containing multiple tandemly repeated units of two to five nucleotides. variations in STRs act as genetic markers in STR analysis, used to prepare genetic profiles | 12 | |
| 678515643 | multi gene families | group of genes that encode related products | 13 | |
| 678515645 | evo devo | Evolutionary developmental biology; a field of biology that compares developmental processes of different multicellular organisms to understand how these processes have evolved and how changes can modify existing organismal features or lead to new ones. | 14 | |
| 678515647 | Cytogentic Maps | provides the starting point for more detailed mapping of the human genome | 15 | |
| 678515649 | Dideoxy Chain Termination | o Cut the DNA from many copies of an entire chromosome into overlapping fragments short enough for sequencing o Clone the fragments in plasmid or phage vectors o Sequence each fragment o Order the sequence into one overall sequence with computer software | 16 | |
| 678515651 | Sequencing by Synthesis | o Resulted in massive increases in speed and decreases in the cost of sequencing entire genome o Made cloning in the shotgun approach unnecessary | 17 | |
| 678515653 | Reverse Genetics | using DNA sequence, geneticists can study genes directly, without having to infer genotype from phenotype as in classical genetics | 18 | |
| 678515654 | Bioinformatics | The use of computers, software, and mathematical models to process and integrate biological information from large data sets | 19 | |
| 678515655 | Proteomic | The systematic study of the full protein sets (proteomes) encoded by genomes | 20 | |
| 678515656 | What do proteins do? | Proteins actually carry out most of the activities of the cells; we must study when and where protein are produced in an organism and networks | 21 | |
| 678515657 | Gene Size | - Prokaryotes smaller genomes than eukaryotes -Eukaryotes, no relationship between genome size and phenotype see corn/ mouse/giant panda | 22 | |
| 678515658 | Number of Genes | -Prokaryotes 1.5-7.5k vs. Eukaryotes 5-40k -Lower than expected in E considering genome size in human thought there would be 50-100k genes but there are less than 21k -Get more bang for buck b/c of alternative splicing, post translational modification of proteins regulation by mRNA etc. | 23 | |
| 678515659 | Gene Density | -Prokaryotes have a greater density than eukaryotes -Mammals have the lowest gene density so far -Average Prokaryotic gene is 1000bp -Average Eukaryotic gene is 27,000bp- lots of introns in addition - more complex regulatory sequences genes interspersed w/ vast amount of non-protein coding regions | 24 | |
| 678515660 | Pseudogene | A DNA segment very similar to a real gene but which does not yield a functional product; a DNA segment that formerly functioned as a gene but has become inactivated in a particular species because of mutation. | 25 | |
| 678515661 | Repetitive DNA | Nucleotide sequences, usually noncoding, that are present in many copies in a eukaryotic genome. The repeated units may be short and arranged tandemly (in series) or long and dispersed in the genome. | 26 | |
| 678515662 | Transposable elements | A segment of DNA that can move within the genome of a cell by means of a DNA or RNA intermediate; also called a transposable genetic element | 27 | |
| 678515663 | Transposons | A segment of DNA that can move within the genome of a cell by means of a DNA or RNA intermediate; also called a transposable genetic element. o "cut-and-paste"; removes the element from the original site o copy-and-paste"; leaves behind o Both require an enzyme called transposase | 28 | |
| 678515664 | Retrotransposons | A transposable element that moves within a genome by means of an RNA intermediate, a transcript of the retrotransposon DNA. o always leave a copy at the original site during transposition | 29 | |
| 678515665 | Short tandem repeat (STR) | Simple sequence DNA containing multiple tandemly repeated units of two to five nucleotides. Variations in STRs act as genetic markers in STR analysis, used to prepare genetic profiles. | 30 | |
| 678515666 | Multigene Families | A collection of genes with similar or identical sequences, presumably of common origin | 31 | |
| 678515667 | Identical Gene Families | -Genes for the three largest rRNA molecules; transcribed from a single transcription unit that is repeated tandemly hundreds to thousands of times in one several clusters in the genome of a multicellular eukaryote - Helps makes millions of ribosomes needed for active protein synthesis | 32 | |
| 678515668 | Non Identical Multigene Families | Nonidentical gene are two related families of genes that encode globin a group of proteins that include a and b polypeptide subunits of hemoglobin | 33 |
