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| 833105301 | chemistry | the science that deals with the materials of the universe and the changes that these materials undergo | 0 | |
| 833105302 | Scientific approach | 1.) make an observation 2.) formulate a hypothesis 3.)perform and experiment | 1 | |
| 833105303 | Theory | a set of tested hypotheses that gives an overall explanation of some part of nature. | 2 | |
| 833105304 | Natural Law | The observation that the total mass of materials is not affected by a chemical change in those materials is called the law of conservation of mass. | 3 | |
| 833105305 | Measurement | a quantitative observation | 4 | |
| 833105306 | unit | part of a measurement that tell us what scale or standard is being used to represent the results of the measurement. | 5 | |
| 833105307 | volume | the amount of a three-dimensional space occupied by a substance | 6 | |
| 833105308 | Significant figures | the numbers recorded in a measurement (all the certain numbers plus the first uncertain number) | 7 | |
| 833105309 | conversion factor | a ratio of the two parts of the statement that relates the two units | 8 | |
| 833105310 | Equivalence statement | exactly the same distance | 9 | |
| 833105311 | Density | the amount of matter present in a given volume of stubstance | 10 | |
| 833105312 | Matter | the "stuff" of which the universe is composed, has two characteristics: it has mass and occupies space. | 11 | |
| 833105313 | Three states of Matter | solid, liquid, and gas. | 12 | |
| 833105314 | Physical Change | Change that doesn't effect the compostion of the substance | 13 | |
| 833105315 | Chemical Change | Changes to the composition of the substance and becoming something different. Evidence: 1. gas given off (bubbles, odor, fizzing) 2. solid precipitate forms 3. change in color 4. heat given off or taken in 5. light or energy emitted | 14 | |
| 833105316 | Elements | Fundamental substances | 15 | |
| 833105317 | compounds | atoms that special affinites for each other that bind together | 16 | |
| 833105318 | Mixture | variable compostition | 17 | |
| 833105319 | Pure Substance | either elements or compounds and will have the same composition. | 18 | |
| 833105320 | homogeneous mixture | the same throughout | 19 | |
| 833105321 | solution | a homegeneous mixture | 20 | |
| 833105322 | Heterogeneous mixture | contains regions that have different properties fron those of other regions. | 21 | |
| 833105323 | Distillation | a seperation process that involves boiling that water off to create a condenced material. | 22 | |
| 833105324 | Filtration | pouring a liquid through a mess (such as paper) to allow the liquid to pass through and the solid to remain. | 23 | |
| 833105325 | element symbols | abbreviations for the chemical elements | 24 | |
| 833105326 | Law of Conversion of Matter | Mattter cannot be created or destroyed | 25 | |
| 833105327 | law of constant composition | a given compound always contains elements in exactly the same proportion by mass | 26 | |
| 833105328 | dalton's atomic theory | 1) elements are composed of atoms. 2) atoms of same element are identical, but differ from other elements. 3) elements can mix together 4) atoms only change when mixed with other elements | 27 | |
| 833105329 | atom | smallest particle of an element | 28 | |
| 833105330 | compound | (chemistry) a substance formed by chemical union of two or more elements or ingredients in definite proportion by weight | 29 | |
| 833105331 | chemical formula | a combination of chemical symbols and numbers to represent a substance | 30 | |
| 833105332 | electron | an elementary particle with negative charge | 31 | |
| 833105333 | nuclear atom | an atom with a dense center of positive charge | 32 | |
| 833105334 | nucleus | the positively charged dense center of an atom | 33 | |
| 833105335 | protons | positively charged particles | 34 | |
| 833105336 | neutrons | neutral charge | 35 | |
| 833105337 | isotopes | atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons | 36 | |
| 833105338 | atomic number | the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom | 37 | |
| 833105339 | mass number | the sum of the number of neutrons and protons in an atomic nucleus | 38 | |
| 833105340 | periodic table | a chart of the elements showing the repeating pattern of their properties | 39 | |
| 833105341 | alkaki metals | Group 1 of the Periodic Table is composed of highly reactive metals. | 40 | |
| 833105342 | alkaline earth metals | metallic elements in group 2 of the periodic table which are harder than the alkali metals and are also less reactive | 41 | |
| 833105343 | halogens | group 7; contains nonmetals; 7 electrons in its outermost energy level; very reactive; poor conductors of electric current; never in its uncombined form in nature; combine with most metals to form salts | 42 | |
| 833105344 | noble gases | one of the elements of group 8 of the periodic table(helium, neon,argon, krypton, xenon, and radon); noble gases are unreactive | 43 | |
| 833105345 | transition metals | Groups 3-12, 1-2 electrons in the outer energy level, less reactive than alsali-earth metals, shiny, good conductor of thermal energy and electrical current, high density | 44 | |
| 833105346 | nonmetals | elements that are poor conductors of heat and electric current | 45 | |
| 833105347 | metalloids | Elements with properties that fall between those of metals and nonmetals | 46 | |
| 833105348 | diatomic molecule | A molecule consisting of two atoms | 47 | |
| 833105349 | ion | atom that has a positive or negative charge | 48 | |
| 833105350 | cation | a positively charged ion | 49 | |
| 833105351 | anion | a negatively charged ion | 50 | |
| 833105352 | ionic compound | a compound that consists of positive and negative ions | 51 | |
| 833105353 | covalent compound | a compound that consists of positive and positive ions | 52 | |
| 833105354 | Lanthanides | The 14 elements with atomic numbers from 58 to 71 | 53 | |
| 833105355 | Actinides | the 14 elements with atomic numbers from 90 to 103 | 54 | |
| 833105356 | binary compound | chemical compound composed of only two elements | 55 | |
| 833105357 | binary ionic compound | (metal+nonmetal) write the metal and change the NM ending to -ide, a compound composed of the ions of one metal element and ions of on non-metal element, joined by ionic bonds | 56 | |
| 833105358 | polyatomic ion | An ion that is made of more than one atom | 57 | |
| 833105359 | oxyanion | A polyatomic ion composed of an element, usually a nonmetal, bonded to one or more oxygen atoms | 58 | |
| 833105360 | chemical equation | a way to describe a chemical reaction using chemical formulas and other symbols | 59 | |
| 833105361 | reactant | a substance or molecule that participates in a chemical reaction | 60 | |
| 833105362 | product | a chemical substance formed as a result of a chemical reaction | 61 | |
| 833105363 | balancing a chemical equation | making sure atoms on left = atoms on right. (following law of conservation of mass). | 62 | |
| 833105364 | coefficient | A number in front of a chemical formula in an equation that indicates how many molecules or atoms of each reactant and product are involved in a reaction. | 63 | |
| 833105365 | precipitation | the process of forming a chemical precipitate | 64 | |
| 833105366 | precipitate | a precipitated solid substance in suspension or after settling or filtering | 65 | |
| 833105367 | precipitation reaction | a reaction in which an insoluble substance forms and separates from the solution as a solid | 66 | |
| 833105368 | strong electrolyte | any compound whose dilute aqueous solutions conduct electricity well; this is due to the presence of all or almost all of the dissolved compound in the form of ions | 67 | |
| 833105369 | soluble solid | a solid that readily dissolves in water | 68 | |
| 833105370 | insoluble solid | a solid where a tiny amount dissolves in water that is undetectable to the naked eye | 69 | |
| 833105371 | molecular equation | shows the complete formulas of all reactants and products | 70 | |
| 833105372 | complete ionic equation | an equation that shows dissolved ionic compounds as dissociated free ions | 71 | |
| 833105373 | spectator ions | ions that are present in a solution in which a reaction is taking place but that do not participate in the reaction | 72 | |
| 833105374 | net ionic equation | an ionic equation that includes only the particles that participate in the reaction | 73 | |
| 833105375 | empirical formula | the formula of a compound expressing the smallest whole number ratio of atoms in a compound | 74 | |
| 833105376 | molecular formula | the actual formula of compound the types of atoms and numbers of each type of atom | 75 | |
| 833105377 | subscript | a number in a chemical formula that tells the number of atoms in a molecule or the ratio of elements in a compound | 76 | |
| 833105378 | coefficient | number written in the front of the chemical formulas in a balanced chemical equation-coefficients indicate the relative numbers of reactants and products in the reaction | 77 | |
| 833105379 | oxidation number | positive or negative number that indicates how many electrons an atom has gained, lost, or shared to become stable | 78 | |
| 833105380 | synthesis | the process of producing a chemical compound (usually by the union of simpler chemical compounds) | 79 | |
| 833105381 | decomposition | separation of a substance into two or more substances that may differ from each other and from the original substance | 80 | |
| 833105382 | single replacement | a reaction of an element and a compound that yields a different element and a different compound (A + BC ---> AB + C) | 81 | |
| 833105383 | double replacement | a reaction of two compounds to produce two different compounds by exchanging the componenets of the reacting compounds (AB + CD ---> AC + BD) | 82 | |
| 833105384 | combustion reaction | a chemical reaction that occurs when a substance reacts with oxygen, releasing energy in the form of heat and light | 83 | |
| 833105385 | acid/base neutralization | When an acid and base mix together, neutralize one another's properties, and form a salt and water. i.e. H⁺ + OH⁻--> H₂O | 84 | |
| 833105386 | oxidation/reduction reaction | a reaction that involves the transfer of electron(s) or the change in the oxidation state of the reactants | 85 | |
| 833105387 | limiting reactant | the reactant that limits the amount of product that can form in a chemical reaction | 86 | |
| 833105388 | excess reactant | a reactant that remains after a chemical reaction stops | 87 | |
| 833105389 | percent yield | The ratio of the actual yield to the theoretical yield for a chemical reaction expressed as a percentage; a measure of the efficiency of a reaction | 88 | |
| 833105390 | percent error | |Experimental Value - Accepted Value| / Accepted Value x 100 | 89 | |
| 833105391 | electromagnetic radiation | radiation consisting of waves of energy associated with electric and magnetic fields resulting from the acceleration of an electric charge | 90 | |
| 833105392 | Heisenberg uncertainty principle | states that it is impossible to determine simultaneously both the position and velocity of an electron or any other particle | 91 | |
| 833105393 | wavelength | The distance between crests of waves, such as those of the electromagnetic spectrum. | 92 | |
| 833105394 | frequency | the number of complete wavelengths that pass a point in a given time | 93 | |
| 833105395 | electromagnetic radiation | a form of energy that exhibits wavelike behavior as it travels through space | 94 | |
| 833105396 | line spectrum | a series of specific wavelengths of emitted light created when the visible portion of light from excited atoms is shined through a prism | 95 | |
| 833105397 | atomic radius | one-half the distance between the nuclei of identical atoms that are bonded together | 96 | |
| 833105398 | ionization energy | the amount of energy required to remove an electron from an atom | 97 | |
| 833105399 | electronegativity | the tendency of an atom or radical to attract electrons in the formation of an ionic bond | 98 | |
| 833105400 | non-polar covalent bond | electrons are shared equally between two atoms of similar electronegativity | 99 | |
| 833105401 | polar covalent bond | a covalent bond in which electrons are not shared equally | 100 | |
| 833105402 | kinetic molecular theory | the theory that all matter is composed of particles (atoms and molecules) moving constantly in random directions | 101 | |
| 833105403 | Avogadro's hypothesis | equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure contain equal numbers of particles | 102 | |
| 833105404 | real gas | a gas that does not behave completely according to the assumptions of the kinetic-molecular theory | 103 | |
| 833105405 | ideal gas | an imaginary gas whose particles are infinitely small and do not interact with each other | 104 | |
| 833105406 | diffusion | process by which molecules tend to move from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated | 105 | |
| 833105407 | intermolecular bonding | bonding between molecules | 106 | |
| 833105408 | intermolecular forces of attraction | the force of attraction within a molecule to hold it together | 107 | |
| 833105409 | dipole dipole | a pair of equal and opposite electric charges or magnetic poles separated by a small distance | 108 | |
| 833105410 | hydrogen bonding | a form of dipole when H bonds to F, O, N | 109 | |
| 833105411 | London dispersion forces | the intermolecular attractions resulting from the constant motion of electrons and the creation of instantaneous dipoles | 110 | |
| 833105412 | vapor pressure | the pressure exerted by a vapor over a liquid | 111 | |
| 833105413 | boiling point | the temperature at which a liquid boils at sea level | 112 | |
| 833105414 | melting point | the temperature below which a liquid turns into a solid | 113 | |
| 833105415 | solution | a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances | 114 | |
| 833105416 | solute | substance that is dissolved in a solvent to make a solution | 115 | |
| 833105417 | solvent | a liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances | 116 | |
| 833105418 | saturated solution | contains the maximum amount of dissolved solute for a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure | 117 | |
| 833105419 | unsaturated solution | a solution that contains less solute than a saturated solution at a given temperature and pressure | 118 | |
| 833105420 | supersaturated | condition of a solution when more solute has dissolved than is normally possible at a given temperature | 119 | |
| 833105421 | dilute | reduced in strength or concentration or quality or purity | 120 | |
| 833105422 | concentrated | being the most concentrated solution possible at a given temperature | 121 | |
| 833105423 | solubility | the ability of one substance to dissolve in another at a given temperature and pressure | 122 | |
| 833105424 | acid chemistry | a substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution, An acid is a substance which donates H+ and a base accepts H+ | 123 | |
| 833105425 | base | Any substance that combines w/ Hydrogen (H+) ions in water & has a pH value higher than 7.0. | 124 | |
| 833105426 | conjugate acid | the particle formed when a base gains a hydrogen ion | 125 | |
| 833105427 | conjugate base | the particle that remains when an acid has donated a hydrogen ion | 126 | |
| 833105428 | equilibrium | Dynamic process where reaction can reaction can proceed in forward reverse direction | 127 |
