Key Terms and Definitions
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| 959885249 | Communication | A conscious or unconscious, intentional or unintentional process in which feelings and ideas are expressed as verbal and/or nonverbal messages that are sent, received, and comprehended. | 1 | |
| 959885250 | Intrapersonal Communication | Communicating with yourself, encompassing such activities as thought processing, personal decision-making, listening, and determining self-concept | 2 | |
| 959885251 | Interpersonal Communication | An interactional process in which two people send and receive messages; forms include face-to-face or mediated conversations, interviews, and small group discussions. | 3 | |
| 959885252 | Public Communication | Characterized by a speaker sending a message to an audience. | 4 | |
| 959885253 | Selective Communication | The ability of humans to choose the symbols that best represent the idea or concept to be expressed. | 5 | |
| 959885254 | Source | The originator of the message. | 6 | |
| 959885255 | Receiver | The recipient of the message. | 7 | |
| 959885256 | Messages | The content of communication. | 8 | |
| 959885257 | Feedback | A verbal and/or nonverbal reaction or response to the message. | 9 | |
| 959885258 | Frame of Reference | A perceptual screen used by receivers to filter message ideas based on their background and culture. | 10 | |
| 959885259 | Perceptions | The way a person views the world. | 11 | |
| 959885260 | Encode | The process of creating a message. | 12 | |
| 959885261 | Primary Signal System | The senses (seeing, hearing, tasting, smelling, and touching) | 13 | |
| 959885262 | Decodes | The process of translating the received messages. | 14 | |
| 959885263 | Channel | The mode by which the communication is conveyed from source to source as it flows one on one or via electronic channels or physical contact. | 15 | |
| 959885264 | Communication Noise | Any internal or external interference in the communication process | 16 | |
| 959885265 | Linear Model of Communication | A schematic that illustrates the process by which a source encodes a message and sends it to a receiver through one or more sensory channels without a feedback loop. The receiver then receives and decodes the message. | 17 | |
| 959885266 | Interactional Model of Communication | A schematic that illustrates how the receiver receives and decodes the message, then encodes feedback and sends it back to the source, thus making the process two-directional. The source then decodes the feedback message, encodes a new message that adjusts to the feedback (adaptation). | 18 | |
| 959885267 | Transactional Model of Communication | A schematic that illustrates how communicators simultaneously process messages. | 19 | |
| 959885268 | Media | Radio, television, the Internet, magazines, newspapers, and films as types of communication. | 20 | |
| 959885269 | Intracultural Communication | Interaction between those who have a common cultural bond (ex: Spaniard to Spaniard, female to female) | 21 | |
| 959885270 | Intercultural Communication | Communication between individuals with whom there is little or no cultural bond (ex: Japanese citizen with little knowledge of New Zealand and a New Zealander with little knowledge of Japan or its customs who are speaking with each other). | 22 | |
| 959885271 | First Amendment Speech | The protected right of people in the United States to speak without restriction - to be free to say what they want within the guidelines of the first amendment of the U.S. Constitution as interpreted by the Supreme Court. | 23 | |
| 959885272 | Ethical Communicators | Those who respect the integrity of ideas and concerns from the listeners. | 24 | |
| 959885273 | Nonverbal Communication | All messages that people exchange beyond the words themselves. | 25 | |
| 959885274 | Kinesics | The study of communication through the body and its movements. | 26 | |
| 959885275 | Emblems | Cultural-specific nonverbal acts that have a direct verbal translation or diction definition consisting of one or two words. | 27 | |
| 959885276 | Proxemics | The study of how people use and perceive their social and personal space. | 28 | |
| 959885277 | Purpose of the Speech | Centers on the speaker's expected outcomes for the presentation. | 29 | |
| 959885278 | Plagiarism | Occurs when a speaker uses the ideas and words of others as his or her own without giving credit to the originator of the material. | 30 | |
| 959885279 | Fabrication | Making up information or guessing at information and presenting it as if it were factual. | 31 | |
| 959885280 | Audience Analysis | Assessing the demographic, psychographic, and rhetorographic characteristics of your prospective listeners. | 32 | |
| 959885281 | Statement of Central Idea | Defines the subject and develops the criteria by which to evaluate the material to be included in the speech. | 33 | |
| 959885282 | Impromptu Speaking | A speech given with little or no preparation. | 34 | |
| 959885283 | Ad Lib Speaking | A speech in which a speaker has no time to organize ideas. | 35 | |
| 959885284 | Extemporaneous Speaking | The speaker knows in advance that she or he will be giving a speech, can prepare by doing research and planning the speech. | 36 | |
| 959885285 | Speech Planning Outline | A brief framework used to think through the process of the speech. | 37 | |
| 959885286 | Speech Presentation Outline | A framework in which the speaker fleshes out the planning outline with examples and illustrations and writes in internal summaries and forecasts. | 38 | |
| 959885287 | Topic Outline | A speech presentation tool that has words or phrases for all entries and usually has little or no punctuation after entries. | 39 | |
| 959885288 | Sentence Outline | A speech presentation tool that has complete sentences for all entries and usually has correct punctuation. | 40 | |
| 959885289 | Mind Mapping | A method of arranging materials visually rather than in list form. This is a mode often favored by global thinkers/listeners who are stimulated by pictures rather than words. | 41 | |
| 959885290 | Manuscript Speech Mode | A speech in which the material is written out and delivered word for word from a text. | 42 | |
| 959885291 | Memorized Speech Mode | A speech is written out word for word and then committed to memory. | 43 | |
| 959885292 | Primary Sources of Information | Sources used in a speech to develop clarification or proof that represent the original reports of the observations or research. | 44 | |
| 959885293 | Secondary Sources of Information | Sources used in a speech to develop clarification or proof that report, but did not originally generate, the observations or research. | 45 | |
| 959885294 | Oral Footnote | An oral reference used in a speech that indicates the material being presented is a paraphrase or quotation generated by a source other than the speaker. | 46 | |
| 959885295 | Supporting Speech Material | Information used by a public speaker that clarifies a point being made in the speech or offers evidence of the validity of presented argument. | 47 | |
| 959885296 | Internal Summary | A short restatement of what has just been said in the section that you are about to leave before proceeding to the next segment. | 48 | |
| 959885297 | Forecast | A statement that alerts the audience to ideas that are coming. | 49 | |
| 959885298 | Signposting | Speaker stating, during a speech, where the listeners have been, where they are presently, and where they are going. | 50 | |
| 959885299 | Supplementary Speech Aids | Visual, audio, audiovisual, and computerized graphics used during a speech with the intention of facilitating the listeners' understanding. | 51 | |
| 959885300 | Visual Aids | Supplementary aids, which appeal to the sense of sight, that are used during a speech to facilitate the listeners' understanding. | 52 | |
| 959885301 | Introduction to a Speech | The segment of a speech with the purpose of gaining the listeners' attention and orienting them to the material that will be presented | 53 | |
| 959885302 | Orienting Material | Provides the background necessary to understand the basic material of a speech. | 54 | |
| 959885303 | Statement of the Speech's Central Idea | The segment of a speech intended to keep the speaker on course for developing a purposeful and well-organized speech, while indicating the response the speaker wants from listeners. | 55 | |
| 959885304 | Body of a Speech | The segment of the speech that is developed through major points as well as any sub-points needed to discuss the speaker's central idea. | 56 | |
| 959885305 | Method of Issue Arrangement for the Body of a Speech | The structured way the body of a speech is organized. | 57 | |
| 959885306 | Spatial Method of Issue Arrangement | A method of arrangement for the body of a speech in which the speaker sets a point of reference and follows a geographic pattern. | 58 | |
| 959885307 | Time Method of Issue Arrangement | A method of arrangement for the body of a speech that orders information from a beginning point to an ending one, with all the steps developed in numerical or a time sequence. | 59 | |
| 959885308 | Topical Method of Issue Arrangement | A method of arrangement for the body of a speech in which a speaker explains an idea in terms of its component parts. | 60 | |
| 959885309 | Causal Method of Issue Arrangement | A method of arrangement for the body of a speech in which the speaker shows how two or more events are connected in such a way that if one occurs the other will necessarily follow. | 61 | |
| 959885310 | Comparison Method of Issue Organization | A method of arrangement for the body of a speech in which the speaker describes how the two types of entities are alike. | 62 | |
| 959885311 | Contrast Method of Issue Arrangement | A method of arrangement for the body of a speech in which the speaker tells the differences between two entities. | 63 | |
| 959885312 | Comparison-Contrast Method of Issue Arrangement | A method of arrangement for the body of a speech in which the speaker shows similarities and differences of the entities being discussed. | 64 | |
| 959885313 | Problem-Solution Method of Issue Arrangement | A method of arrangement for the body of a speech in which the speaker attempts to identify what is wrong and to determine how to cure it or make a recommendation for its cure. | 65 | |
| 959885314 | Conclusion of a Speech | The ending section of a speech; its purpose is to summarize what has been said and/or motivate the listeners to take a prescribed action. | 66 | |
| 959885315 | Partitioning Organizational Speech Structure | A deductive format to a speech in which, as the speech proceeds, the presentation is partitioned into a number of points. | 67 | |
| 959885316 | Partitioning Step | A device used in a speech that lists how the main issues will be presented in the presentation. | 68 | |
| 959885317 | Unfolding Organizational Speech Structure | An inductive style of organizing a speech in which the speaker lays out supporting evidence and then draws a conclusion, leading the listeners to be drawn into the argument. | 69 | |
| 959885318 | Case Method of Organizational Speech Structure | A speech organizational mode, which is suitable for a single-issue speech, in which the speaker discusses the central idea of the presentation without breaking it into sub-points. | 70 | |
| 959885319 | Informative Speaking | Discourse that imparts new information, secures understanding, or reinforces accumulated information. | 71 | |
| 959885320 | Speeches About Objects | A classification of informative speech with the purpose of describing a particular thing in details, such as person, place, animal, or structure. | 72 | |
| 959885321 | Speeches About Processes | A classification of informative speech intended to instruct the audience about how something works, is made, or is done. | 73 | |
| 959885322 | Speeches About Events | A classification of informative speech intended to tell about something that has already happened, is happening, or is expected to happen. | 74 | |
| 959885323 | Speeches About Concepts | A classification of informative speech that examines theories, beliefs, ideas, philosophies, or schools of thought. | 75 | |
| 959885324 | Informative Briefing | A classification of informative speaking, which presents information to an audience, followed by an exchange of data, ideas, and questions by the participants. | 76 | |
| 959885325 | Team Briefing | A classification of information speech in which a series of speakers present the findings or recommendations of a group activity. | 77 | |
| 959885326 | One-on-One Briefing | A classification of informative speech in which a person or small group presents a finding or concept to a single individual. | 78 | |
| 959885327 | Technical Report | A form of informative speech presented at a convention or meeting of experts in a professional or academic field. | 79 | |
| 959885328 | Professional Paper | A classification of informative speech presented at a convention or meeting of experts in a professional or academic field. | 80 | |
| 959885329 | Poster Session | An informative speech in which the presenter prepares visuals in the form of charts, posters, or PowerPoint handouts, which are used during the speech to explain a professional paper. | 81 | |
| 959885330 | Lecture | An informative speech intended to facilitate learning about a particular field. | 82 | |
| 959885331 | Question-and-Answer Session | A follow-up to the prepared address during which the speaker answers inquiries from the audience. | 83 | |
| 959885332 | Speech of Introduction | An informative speech with the purpose of introducing a speaker to an audience. | 84 |
