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| 151479596 | goals of science | understanding, prediction, control in health sciences: etiology (causes), diagnosis and prognosis, treatment and prevention hypothesis testing evaluation of health care delivery, outcomes, treatments, etc | |
| 151479597 | evaluation and evaluation research | attempt to worth or significance of someone or something evaluation research is the SYSTEMATIC attempt to to determine worth or significance of someone or something | |
| 151479598 | program evaluation research | use of scientific methods to measure and evaluate the extent to which programs pf psychological, medical, social, or environmental change are able to produce beneficial outcomes (and at what costs) | |
| 151479599 | two parts of evaluation and their defintions, sciences involved (and perspective) | outcome: does it produce intended effect and were there any unintended side effects? process: what was done to produce effect, how well was program implemented, what problems were encountered, what parts most successful? sciences involved: sociology, anthro-->psych-->biology and neuroscience (whole organism)-->microbiology (living cells)-->physical sciences (physics and chem) | |
| 151479600 | reductionist science (ex: clinical trials) | focused hypothesis testing, ever-narrower focus understanding and prediction is goal high precision and replicaiton high internal validity narrow espertise ask does it work and how? | |
| 151479601 | complex systems science | oriented around a specific action or outcome with an ever-broader focus prediction and control are goal High flexibility and equifinality (given state can be reached or changed by variety of potential means) high external validity interdisciplinary asks what works? goal is TRANSFORMATION | |
| 151479602 | for what would you use reductionist approach? | isolating a single cause breaker down problems into smaller and smaller causes (ex: break asthma problem down and figure out which medicaiton works best by affecting which mechanism) | |
| 151479603 | for what would you use css approach? | solving a difficult problem in real-world context understanding how multiple causes interact | |
| 151479604 | When are RCTs not appropriate? | little funding when working in populations or communities when recruiting from different sites and can't treat people form different sites differently whenwould be unacceptable to randomize or have control (subjects won't consent, community will not tolerate, equipoise is unlikely) pilot study | |
| 151479605 | equipoise | genuine uncertainty about benefits of a treatment (if know it works, can't randomize people to a non-treatment group) | |
| 151479606 | community | group of people who have something in common and are nested within historical, geographic, economic, or cultural context actual and potential social netowrks that allow people to accessresources and interact otwards the solution of common problems or pursuit of common goals | |
| 151479607 | features of community research and scientific challenges | study of real world problems, with goal of changing the world actively involves the community in achieving sustained change solve local problems and generate new knowledge coalitions (rather than individual researchers) involving government, industry, physicians, patients, businesses, other stakeholders) challenges: transition from control to empowering solution, transition from fixed protocol to flexibility, not control but capture, develop strategies to account for context, WELCOME variability in implementation and timing | |
| 151479608 | features of CBPR | research done in partnership with the community who has the problem; community fully involved in DEFINING problem, setting GOALS and identifying SOLUTIONS, developing INTERVENTIONS, identifying and measuring and evlauation process and outcomes, analyzing results and understanding whatthey mean, dissemination and translation of what was learned nested levels (3) in which people are nested: 3: geography 2: time 1: people ...so since time periods are nested within place and people nested within time periods, measurement time needn't be the same | |
| 151479609 | nested level: place | place characteristics, asks how does outcome level (intercept) and strength of associaiton (slope) vary as a function of place? | |
| 151479610 | nested level: time within intervention communities | PROCESS evaluation measures that capture type and amount of intervention activity | |
| 151479611 | nested level: individuals within nested intervention periods | measure individual differences in physiology, behavior, and demographics and ask what characteristics are associated with variabiltiy in outcomes? |
