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| 10693698648 | Empire | States or political systems that excercise coercive power *Term is reserved for larger and more aggresive states that conquer, rule, and extract resouces from others *Have many cultures and peoples under one kingdom | 0 | |
| 10693740466 | Civilizations | Expressed in elements of common culture rather than unified political system | 1 | |
| 10693752436 | List of Second Wave Era Empires | Persia Greece under Alexander the Great Rome China under the Qin and Han Dynasties India during the Mauryan and Gupta Dynasties | 2 | |
| 10693775965 | Second Wave Era Empires Problems | impose culture? rule directly or through local authorities? how to extract wealth(taxes, tribute, labor) while maintaing order? *All collapsed reminding predecessors of the lifespan of human projects | 3 | |
| 10693881716 | Imperial States | Brought together people of different traditions and religions and caused the sharing of ideas, cultures, and values. | 4 | |
| 10693939734 | Persian Empire | Mesopotamian empire that conquered the existing Median, Lydian, and Babylonian empires, as well as Egypt and many others. Also known as the Achaemenid Empire/Dynasty Easily adopts conquered empires values that are helpful for themselves | 5 | |
| 10693974918 | Persian Kings List | 559-530 - Cyrus the Great 521-486 - Darius I, the Great 485-465 - Xerxes I (son) 464-424 - Artaxerxes I 423-405 - Darius II 335-330 - Darius III | 6 | |
| 10693988463 | Persian Conquests | Egypt to India | 7 | |
| 10694016104 | Perisan Kings Ruling | Absolute monarchs crushed rebellious religions and officials "King of Kings" satraps in each of the 23 provinces | 8 | |
| 10694065020 | Persian Imperial Spies | traveled throughout the empire with military forces and conducted surprise audits of accounts and procedures in the provinces "eyes and ears of the king" | 9 | |
| 10694101839 | Cyrus the Great | A remarkable leader who managed to reunite he Persian Empire in a powerful kingdom. Under Cyrus, Persia began building an empire larger than any yet seen in the world *Won the gratitude of the Jews when allowing those exiled from Babylon to return and rebuild their temple in Jerusalum | 10 | |
| 10694139231 | Herodotus | Greek Historian, considered the father of History. He came from a Greek community in Anatolia and traveled extensively, collecting information in western Asia and the Mediterranean lands. | 11 | |
| 10694191612 | Persian Infrastructure | currenency taxes built Royal Road mail system standardized coinage predictable taxes underground irrigation to support agricultural economy | 12 | |
| 10694231371 | Susa | Capital of Persian Empire built by Darius the Great | 13 | |
| 10694235437 | Persepolis | A complex of palaces, reception halls, and treasury buildings erected by the Persian kings Darius I and Xerxes in the Persian homeland. The capital and greatest palace-city of the Persian Empire, destroyed by Alexander the Great. | 14 | |
| 10694322129 | Greece | Small comepeting city-states Called themselves Hellenes Took shape on a small peninsula Used lots of metals and wood which led to deforestation and soil erosion Each city-state frequently was in conflict with one another and every four years ended conflicts to participate Olympic Games | 15 | |
| 10694410430 | Large Greece City-States | Athens Sparta Thebes Corinth | 16 | |
| 10694418740 | Greece Expansion | Settlement in different places instead of conquest and empire Settlers brought Greek culture, language, and building styles to the Mediterranean and rim of the Black Sea | 17 | |
| 10694444061 | Greek Politics | Popular participation in politics Politically fragmented | 18 | |
| 10694668729 | Greco-Persian Wars | The Ionian Greeks (who were supported by Athens) revolted against Persia Persia responded with wars against Greeks Greeks beat the Persians on land and sea. This victory radicalized Athenian democracy: poor rowers received full citizenship 50 year golden age after the war construction of Parthenon Socrates Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides (theater) | 19 | |
| 10694752130 | Athens | Direct Democracy "citizens" - wealthy white males which led into lower class men (mainly small scale farmers) | 20 | |
| 10694755562 | Sparta | military oligarchy Council of Elders (28 men over age of 60) | 21 | |
| 10694784445 | Peloponnesian War | (431-404 BCE) The war between Athens and Sparta that in which Sparta won, but left Greece as a whole weak and ready to fall to its neighbors to the north. | 22 | |
| 10694813393 | Alexander the Great | Between 334 and 323 B.C.E. he conquered the Persian Empire, reached the Indus Valley, founded many Greek-style cities, and spread Greek culture across the Middle East. | 23 | |
| 10694828007 | Hellenistic Era | the age of Alexander the Great; period when the Greek language and ideas were carried to the non-Greek world the time period following the death of Alexander during which Greek culture spread through the known world | 24 | |
| 10694848791 | Alexander the Great Death | Empire is split into three Kingdoms ruled by Macedonian Generals Antigone - Greece Ptolemaic - Egypt Seleucid - Persia | 25 | |
| 10694903547 | Macedonian Culture | Penetrated the lands of the first civilizations (Egypt, Mesopotamia, and India) one of the greatest cultural encounters of the ancient world | 26 | |
| 10694929307 | Alexandria, Egypt | One of the cities founded by and named for Alexander the Great site of ancient Mediterranean's greatest library center of literary studies Egyptians, Greeks, Jews, Babylonians, Syrians, Persians and others met and shared ideas, culture, and values | 27 | |
| 10694970667 | Greek Culture | Mediterranean to India it signified power Indian monarch Ashoka published decrees in Greek the eliteness of it caused much separation even in Egyptian legal systems resembled Mesopotamia, Egypt, Assyria, and Persia | 28 | |
| 10695142668 | Rome | city states to republic to empire after Punic Wars during times of trouble a dictatorship was called into play for a year took over Carthage for a food source | 29 | |
| 10695176109 | Pax Romana | A period of peace and prosperity throughout the Roman Empire, lasting from 27 B.C. to A.D. 180. | 30 | |
| 10695202825 | Law of the Twelve Tables | In 40 B.C when the Roman government wrote the laws of Rome on 12 tablets. This made Plebeians capable to appeal against patrician judge. Now they would be obeyed because the laws were strictly written down, and all citizens know to follow the laws. | 31 | |
| 10695238830 | Roman women | Had a strong influence on their family, were not considered full citizens and had very few rights | 32 | |
| 10695271136 | Pater Familias | Roman term for the "father of the family," a theoretical implication that gave the male head of the family almost unlimited authority. | 33 | |
| 10695322288 | Octavian/Augustus | Caesar's adopted son who defeated Mark Anthony for title of ruler of Rome after Caesar's death went by "first man" instead of king or emperor | 34 | |
| 10695344253 | China | More about recreating something old, than creating something new | 35 | |
| 10695367160 | Mandate of Heaven | in Chinese history, the divine approval thought to be the basis of royal authority | 36 | |
| 10695373431 | China Main Dynasties | Xia Shang Zhou Warring States Qin Han | 37 | |
| 10695377999 | Qin Shihuangdi | (r.221-210 BCE) The first emperor of the Qin Dynasty who believed strongly in Legalism and sought to strengthen the centralized China through public works. burned scholars and books that opposed him | 38 | |
| 10695403113 | Trung Trac and Trung Nhi | two noble Vietnamese sisters who led an uprising against the Chinese and drove them out temporarily | 39 | |
| 10695463217 | Han Dynasty | (202 BCE-220 CE) This dynasty continued the centralization of the Qin Dynasty, but focused on Confucianism and education consolidated the imperial states | 40 | |
| 10695493267 | Roman Religion | Christianity was established as the official religion of the empire, and this had long-lasting effects on the peoples and cultures of this subregion. | 41 | |
| 10695501957 | Chinese Religion | Had myths, but myths were not organized into system. Had a heavenly force but no deity Not a huge priest class Buddhism from India | 42 | |
| 10695591091 | Roman Culture | Regarded Greek culture as superior to their own Greco-Roman traditions Gods based off of Greek gods | 43 | |
| 10695609563 | Chinese Writing | dates back to Shang dynasty, it is pictographic not phonetic. Ideographic, combines 2 pictures to form an idea. This idea unites all of China since almost everything else is divided with areas. | 44 | |
| 10695646449 | Yellow River | Also known as the Huang-He. The second longest river in China. The majority of ancient Chinese civilizations originated in its valley. | 45 | |
| 10695711016 | Yellow Turban Rebellion | A massive Chinese peasant uprising inspired by Daoist teachings that began in 184 C.E. with the goal of establishing a new golden age of equality and harmony. | 46 | |
| 10695724760 | Eunuchs | castrated males, originally in charge of protection of the ruler's concubines. Eventually had major roles in government, especially in China. | 47 | |
| 10695777946 | Mauryan Empire | (321-185 BCE) This was the first centralized empire of India whose founder was Chandragupta Maurya. | 48 | |
| 10695792941 | Ashoka Maurya | The grandson of Chandragupta Maurya, he took the Mauryan Empire to its height. Famously converted to Buddhism after the deadly Kalinga Wars | 49 | |
| 10695797975 | Gupta Empire | (320-550 CE) The decentralized empire that emerged after the Mauryan Empire, and whose founder is Chandra Gupta. | 50 |
