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| 126385859 | No Man's Land | far western district of OK; opened for settlement in 1889; many wanted the land and were bad about it being opened to all settlers | 0 | |
| 126385860 | Five Civilized Tribes | Cherokee, Chickasaws; Chactaws; Creeks and Seminoles; moved to Indian Territory in 1830s, all successful after move | 1 | |
| 126385861 | Land Rush of 1889 | rush for No Man's Land ; one of events that dispassed IK's Indians land | 2 | |
| 126385862 | Curtis Act | passed by Congress in 1889 ; formally dissolved Indian territory and dispossesing five tribes | 3 | |
| 126385863 | Cherokee Nation v Georgia | Cherokee challenged removal act and won; ignored by Andrew Jackson | 4 | |
| 126385864 | reservation | cleary defined places for Indians to live | 5 | |
| 126385865 | Bureau of Indian Affairs | provided guidance for indians | 6 | |
| 126385866 | The Medicine Lodge Treaty of 1867 | assigned reservations in existing territories to many tribes w/ many tribes already there | 7 | |
| 126385867 | Lakotas | western Sioux; one of the largest and most adaptive tribes; vision seekers; buffalo huge for them | 8 | |
| 126385868 | Sand Creek massacre | all treaties were terminated w/ eastern Colorado tribes; gov encouraged Col Volunteers to stage raids on Cheyenny campgrounds; when Cheyenne men went out to hunt 700 men slaughtered 133 Cheyenne; Black Kettle chief of Cheyenne at the time | 9 | |
| 126385869 | Black Kettle | chief of Cheyenne tribe | 10 | |
| 126385870 | Bozeman Trail | in Wyoming; Sioux's principle buffalo range; invaded by miners and military fts. | 11 | |
| 126385871 | Red Cloud | Red Cloud was a war leader and the head Chief of the Oglala Lakota, his reign was from 1868 to 1909. One of the most capable Native American opponents the United States Army faced, he led a successful conflict in 1866-1868 known as Red Cloud's War over control of the Powder River Country in northwestern Wyoming and southern Montana. | 12 | |
| 126385872 | Treaty of Ft Laramie | signed in 1868; created the Great Sious Reservation; granted Sioux right to occupy Black Hills, their sacred land; discovery of gold undermined this | 13 | |
| 126385873 | George Armstrong Custer | Colonel; led surviving expedition in Black Hills during summer 1874; said ore could be very easily extracted there | 14 | |
| 126385874 | Custer's Land Stand | Custer developed pland to subdue tribes; he rushed army ahead and on June 25, 1876 he and his army were wiped out by Cheyenne and Sioux warriors; gave ammunition to whip up excitement for fight against Indians | 15 | |
| 126385875 | Sitting Bull | Sitting Bull was a Hunkpapa Lakota Sioux holy man who led his people as a war chief during years of resistance to United States government policies. Born near the Grand River in Dakota Territory, he was killed by Indian agency police on the Standing Rock Indian Reservation during an attempt to arrest him and prevent him from supporting the Ghost Dance movement. | 16 | |
| 126385876 | Crazy Horse | Crazy Horse was a Native American war leader of the Oglala Lakota. He took up arms against the U.S. Federal government to fight against encroachments on the territories and way of life of the Lakota people, including leading a war party at the Battle of the Little Bighorn in June 1876. After surrendering to U.S. troops under General Crook in 1877, Crazy Horse was fatally wounded by a military guard while allegedly resisting imprisonment. | 17 | |
| 126385877 | Geronimo | Geronimo was a prominent Native American leader of the Chiricahua Apache who fought against Mexico and the United States and their expansion into Apache tribal lands for several decades during the Apache Wars. Succesor of Cochise | 18 | |
| 126385878 | Red River War | one of bloodiest conflicts; Apaches, Krowas and Comanches v US; U.S. wond b/c stopped supplying food | 19 | |
| 126385879 | Nez Perce | regarded themselves as good friends w/ white traders and settlers; lived in plateau where Idaho, Washington and Oregon meet; saved Lewis and Clark from starvation, helped US w/ hostile tribes | 20 | |
| 126385880 | Chief Joseph | Nez Perce chief; swore to protect his people; Red Napolean; eloquent; died in 1904 of broken heart on WA res | 21 | |
| 126385881 | The Comestock Lode | silver discovered by Henry Comstock along the Carson River in Nevada in 1858; brought thousands from CA; few struck it big | 22 | |
| 126385882 | Helldorados | short-lived boomtown's; women outnumber 10 to 1; very few lived w/ family or stayed long; saloon was town center | 23 | |
| 126385883 | Caminetti Act | passed bby Congress in 1893; gave the state power to regulate mines | 24 | |
| 126385884 | Mormons | fled to present day Utah and fromed independent state called Desenet in 1846/1847; Buchanan sent army to occupy territroy b/c Mormon being independent state; Mormans grew; held property in common; spread to OR, ID, and AZ; threatened when white settlers came around them | 25 | |
| 126385885 | US v Reynolds | 1879; Ct. ruled against polygamy; granted freedom of belief not practice | 26 | |
| 126385886 | Edmunds Act | 1882; disftanchised those who believed in or practiced polygamy and threatened them w/ fines and imprisonement | 27 | |
| 126385887 | Edmunds-Tucker Act | 1887; destroyed power of Morman Church by confiscating all assets over $50,000 and overseeing elections | 28 | |
| 126385888 | Sante Fe Ring | group of lawyers, politicians and land speculators stole millions of acres from public domain | 29 | |
| 126385889 | Cortina's War | Juan Cortina and 60 followers pillaged white-owned stores and killed four whites for killing Mexicanos | 30 | |
| 126385890 | Jesse Chisholm | Jesse Chisholm was an part Cherokee Indian trader, guide, and interpreter. He is chiefly famous for being the namesake to the Chisholm Trail, which ranchers used to drive their cattle to eastern markets. Chisholm had built a number of trading posts in what is now western Oklahoma before the American Civil War. | 31 | |
| 126385891 | range wars | 1870s; violent conflicts; farmers, cowboys, and sheep grazers battled for land; Mex shepards v white cattlemen; Hayes sent troops to end bloodshed | 32 | |
| 126385892 | Homestead Act of 1862 | granted 160 acres of public land free to any settler who lived on land and improved it for five years or they could buy it for $1.25 per acre after six months | 33 | |
| 126385893 | National Land Company | founded in Chicago in 1869; organized 16 colonies of mainly European immigrants in KS and CO | 34 | |
| 126385894 | Morill Act of 1862 | land grant colleges acquired space for campuses in return for promising to institute agricultural programs | 35 | |
| 126385895 | Hatch Act of 1887 | created series of experimental agricultural stations, passed along a lot of knowledge | 36 | |
| 126385896 | 98th Meridian | a north south line extending thorugh western OK, central KS and NE and eastern DK | 37 | |
| 126385897 | Timber Culture ACt | alloted homesteaders an additional 160 acres of land in return for planting and cultivating forty acres of trees; some forests restored, weather and soil didn't improve | 38 | |
| 126385898 | National Reclamation Act of 1902 | addes 1 millino acres of irrigated land; benefited corporate farmers and diverted water | 39 | |
| 126385899 | The Forest Management Act of 1897 | set gov on large scale regulatory activities | 40 | |
| 126385900 | Yellowstone | in 1872 Congress named _______ first national park | 41 | |
| 126385901 | dime novels | first "westers"; sold in 1860s; reflected myths | 42 | |
| 126385902 | Buffalo Bill | William Frederick Cody was an American soldier, bison hunter and showman. He was born in the Iowa Territory. He was one of the most colorful figures of the American Old West, and mostly famous for the shows he organized with cowboy themes. Received the Medal of Honor in 1872. | 43 | |
| 126385903 | Wild West shows | staged by Joseph McCoy; in St Louis and Chicago; Texas cowboys entertained perspectivve buyers; played up imaginery role in stories; traveled US and Europe; had sharpshooters; staged coach robberies and battles | 44 | |
| 126385904 | Helen Hunt Jackson | poet and author of children's books; lobbied former abolitionists to work for Indian rights; wrote against gov policy; threw herself in Indians Rights Association | 45 | |
| 126385905 | Indian Rights Association | offshoot of Women's National Indian Associatio; rallied for pub support of assimilation | 46 | |
| 126385906 | The Dawes Severalty Act | passed by Congress in 1887; established fed Indian policy; allowed pres to distribute land to individuals severed from tribes; undermined tribal soverignty; religious and sacred ceremonies banned; shamen and medicine men imprisoned; shcools forbade Indian culture | 47 | |
| 126385907 | Wovoka | had vision of while ill; in vision creator told him that if Indians learned to love each other they would be granted special place in afterlife | 48 | |
| 126385908 | Ghost Dance | given to Wovoka from Creator in vision; Wovoka performed and spread thorugh tribes; feared by settlers and federal officials | 49 | |
| 126385909 | Wounded Knee Massacre | Dec 29,1890; troops led Sioux to Wounded Knee; deaf man misunderstood command caused panic; 200 Sioux cut down, dozens of wounded soldiers; soldiers killed many women and children | 50 | |
| 126385910 | Long Walk | 8,000 Navajo forced on 300 mi walk to a reservation | 51 | |
| 126385911 | aquifers | is an underground layer of water-bearing permeable rock or unconsolidated materials (gravel, sand, silt, or clay) from which groundwater can be usefully extracted using a water well | 52 | |
| 126385912 | assimilation | the social process of absorbing one cultural group into harmony with another | 53 | |
| 126385913 | Battle of Little Bighorn | a battle in Montana near the Little Bighorn River between United States cavalry under Custer and several groups of Native Americans (1876); Custer was pursuing Sioux led by Sitting Bull; Custer underestimated the size of the Sioux forces (which were supported by Cheyenne warriors) and was killed along with all his command | 54 | |
| 126385915 | Black Elk | was a famous Wičháša Wakȟáŋ (Medicine Man or Holy Man) of the Oglala Lakota (Sioux). He was Heyoka and a second cousin of Crazy Horse. | 55 | |
| 126385917 | Black Hills | After conquering the Cheyenne in 1776, the Lakota took over the territory of the __, which became central to their culture. When European Americans discovered gold there in 1874, as a result of Custer's __ Expedition, erstwhile miners swept into the area in a gold rush; the US government re-assigned the Lakota, against their wishes, to other reservations in western South Dakota. Unlike the rest of the Dakotas, the __were settled by European Americans primarily from population centers to the west and south of the region, as miners flocked there from earlier gold boom locations in Colorado and Montana. | 56 | |
| 126385919 | boomers | homesteaders; tired of petitioning invaded No Man's Land | 57 | |
| 126385921 | Ulysses S. Grant | Ulysses S. Grant was the 18th President of the United States; led Reconstruction by signing and enforcing civil rights laws and fighting Ku Klux Klan violence. He helped rebuild the Republican Party in the South, an effort that resulted in the election of African Americans to Congress and state governments for the first time. Despite these civil rights accomplishments, Grant's presidency was marred by economic turmoil and multiple scandals. | 58 | |
| 126385923 | Red River War of 1874-75 | Uprising of Indian warriors from reservation tribes. After settlement of southwestern tribes on reservations in Oklahoma and Texas (1867), discontented braves broke out repeatedly to raid white travelers and settlers. An attack in 1874 killed 60 Texans. Federal troops under William T. Sherman converged on Indians concentrated in the Red River valley of Texas. Indian resistance forced 14 pitched battles with U.S. troops before the Indians' eventual surrender and return to the reservations. | 59 | |
| 126385925 | Frederic Remington | was an American painter, illustrator, sculptor, and writer who specialized in depictions of the Old American West, specifically concentrating on the last quarter of the 19th century American West and images of cowboys, American Indians, and the U.S. Cavalry. | 60 | |
| 126385927 | William T. Sherman | was responsible for the U.S. Army conduct in the Indian Wars over the next 15 years, in the western United States | 61 | |
| 126385928 | transcontinental railroad | was a railroad line built in the United States of America between 1863 and 1869 by the Central Pacific Railroad of California and the Union Pacific Railroad | 62 |
