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Consciousness AP Psychology Myers Flashcards

Advanced Placement Psychology
Enterprise High School, Redding, CA
All terms from Myers Psychology for AP (BFW Worth, 2011)

Terms : Hide Images
10404009519consciousnessour awareness of ourselves and our environment.0
10404009520circadian rhythmthe biological clock; regular bodily rhythms (for example, of temperature and wakefulness) that occur on a 24-hour cycle.1
10404009521REM (rapid eye movement) sleeprapid eye movement sleep; a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur. Also known as paradoxical sleep, because the muscles are relaxed (except for minor twitches) but other body systems are active.2
10404009522alpha wavesthe relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state.3
10404009523sleepperiodic, natural loss of consciousness—as distinct from unconsciousness resulting from a coma, general anesthesia, or hibernation. (Adapted from Dement, 1999.)4
10404009524hallucinationsfalse sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus.5
10404009525delta wavesthe large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep.6
10404009526NREM sleepnon-rapid eye movement sleep; encompasses all sleep stages except for REM sleep.7
10404009527insomniarecurring problems in falling or staying asleep.8
10404009528narcolepsya sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. The sufferer may lapse directly into REM sleep, often at inopportune times.9
10404009529sleep apneaa sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings.10
10404009530night terrorsa sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified; unlike nightmares, these occur during Stage 4 sleep, within two or three hours of falling asleep, and are seldom remembered.11
10404009531dreama sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping person's mind. These are notable for their hallucinatory imagery, discontinuities, and incongruities, and for the person 's delusional acceptance of the content and later difficulties remembering it.12
10404009532manifest contentaccording to Freud, the story of the dream.13
10404009533latent contentaccording to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream (as distinct from its manifest content).14
10404009534REM reboundthe tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation (created by repeated awakenings during REM sleep).15
10404009535hypnosisa social interaction in which one person suggests to another that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur.16
10404009536posthypnotic suggestiona suggestion, made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized; used by some clinicians to help control undesired symptoms and behaviors.17
10404009537dissociationa split in consciousness, which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others.18
10404009538psychoactive druga chemical substance that alters perceptions and moods.19
10404009539tolerancethe diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drug's effect.20
10404009540withdrawalthe discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing the use of an addictive drug.21
10404009541physical dependencea physiological need for a drug, marked by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued.22
10404009542psychological dependencea psychological need to use a drug, such as to relieve negative emotions.23
10404009543addictioncompulsive drug craving and use, despite adverse consequences.24
10404009544depressantsdrugs (such as alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates) that reduce neural activity and slow body functions.25
10404009545barbituratesdrugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgment.26
10404009546opiatesopium and its derivatives, such as morphine and heroin; they depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety.27
10404009547stimulantsdrugs (such as caffeine, nicotine, and the more powerful amphetamines, cocaine, and Ecstasy) that excite neural activity and speed up body functions.28
10404009548amphetaminesdrugs that stimulate neural activity, causing sped-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes.29
10404009549methamphetaminesa powerfully addictive drug that stimulates the central nervous system, with sped-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes; over time, appears to reduce baseline dopamine levels.30
10404009550Ecstacy (MDMA)a synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen. Produces euphoria and social intimacy, but with short-term health risks and longer-term harm to serotonin-producing neurons and to mood and cognition.31
10404009551hallucinogenspsychedelic ("mind-manifesting") drugs, such as LSD, that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input.32
10404009552LSDa powerful hallucinogenic drug; also known as acid (lysergic acid diethylamide).33
10404009553near-death experiencesan altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death (such as through cardiac arrest); often similar to drug-induced hallucinations.34
10404009554THCthe major active ingredient in marijuana; triggers a variety of effects, including mild hallucinations.35
10404009555Suprachiasmatic nucleus(SCN) A cluster of neurons in the hypothalamus in the brain that governs the timing of circadian rhythms36
10404009556Substance Use DisorderContinued substance craving and use despite significant life disruption and/or physical risk.37

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