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Contemporary Period // AP World History Flashcards

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9756151895Bloody Sunday1905; peaceful march by russians turned deadly when Czar's guards fire on crowd, killing hundreds0
9756151896Russian Revolutionoverthrow of the Russian tsar by the socialist Bolshevik Party in 1917; led to their withdrawal from WWI due to a communist takeover of their government1
9756151897Czar Nicholasthe Romanov ruler of Russia who was forced to abdicate his throne and flee with his family2
9756151899Alexander KerenskyRussian lawyer and politician who served as the minister of the Russian Provisional Government3
9756151900Russian Provisional Governmentmiddle-class and intellectual leaders who had little sympathy for workers and peasants; a temporary government4
9756151901Bolsheviksa group of revolutionary Russian Marxists, led by Vladimir Lenin, who took control of Russia's government in November 19175
9756151902Vladimir LeninRussian founder of the Bolsheviks and leader of the Russian Revolution and first head of the USSR6
9756151903April Thesesa document that promised the Russian people peace, land, and bread and rejected the Provisional Government of Russia7
9756151905nowas Russia part of the Treaty of Versailles?8
9756151906Soviet Uniona Communist nation, consisting of Russia and 14 other states, that existed from 1922 to 1991.9
9756151907Red Armythe regular army of the former Soviet Union created by the Bolsheviks10
9756151908Leon TrotskyRussian revolutionary and Communist theorist who helped Lenin and was the leader of the Red Army11
9756151909Mustafa Kemalled revolutionaries to overthrow the last Ottoman sultan and after became the president of Turkey12
9756151911New Economic Policya plan started by Lenin which made the people of Russia believe they had some capitalistic opportunities in order to increase food production13
9756151912Joseph Stalinwho became leader of the Soviet Union after the death of Vladimir Lenin?14
9756151913Five Year Plansplans outlined by Joseph Stalin in 1928 for the development of the Soviet Union's economy; called for collectivization15
9756151914collectivizationa system in which private farms are eliminated and peasants work land owned by the government16
9756151915Union of Soviet Socialism Republicswhat was the formal name for the Soviet Union (USSR)?17
9756151916Great Purgestarted in 1934, a campaign of terror consisting of arrest, exile, or killings of thousands of people who were enemies or threatened Joseph Stalin and the Communist Party18
9756151917capitalismwhich economic system financed most of the recovery from World War I?19
9756151918New Yorkwhere was the financial headquarters, once in London, moved to after World War I?20
9756151919yesdid America lend the Europeans lots of money after World War I?21
9756151920France and Germanywhich two European economies relied most on American credit?22
9756151921Great Depressionthe economic crisis beginning with the stock market crash in 1929 and continuing through the 1930s23
9756151922industrial capitalisman economic system in which business leaders use profits to expand their companies; contributed to the great depression24
9756151923germany to francewhich country got credit from America that was used to pay reparations to another country? which country was the other country?25
9756151924United States and Germanywhich two countries did the Great Depression hit the hardest?26
9756151925Franklin Rooseveltwho was President during the Great Depression and World War II?27
9756151926anathemaan object of intense dislike; a curse or strong denunciation28
9756151927fascisma political philosophy that advocates the glorification of the state • single-party system • one ruler • aggressive nationalism • state is most importantf29
9756151928totalitarianismform of government that theoretically permits no individual freedom and that seeks to subordinate all aspects of individual life to the authority of the state30
9756151929italywhich country was the first state to have a fascist government?31
9756151930Benito Mussolinithe founder and leader of Fascism; creator of the National Fascist Party (1919)32
9756151931blackshirtsgroup of military men "gangs" who were paid by the National Fascist Party to fight socialist and communist organizations (Italy)33
9756151932yesafter World War I, did the emperor of Germany abdicate?34
9756151933socialistperson who supports community ownership of property and the sharing of all profits35
9756151934Weimar RepublicGerman democratic republic founded after the WWI and the downfall of the German Empire's monarchy36
9756151935yeswas the Weimar Republic weak and unstable where political parties could not cooperate?37
9756151936democratic republicdid the people of Germany favor a socialist and/or communist system or a democratic republic?38
9756151937Reichstagthe Weimar Republic's elected body; German parliament39
9756151938National Socialist Partyalso known as the Nazi Party, was a far-right, racist political party in Germany between 1920 and 1945.40
9756151939nazisma form of socialism featuring racism and expansionism41
9756151940dictatorshipwhat did the Nazi Party want?42
9756151941democracywhat were the Nazi Party attacking?43
9756151942Adolf Hitlerwho was the head leader of the Nazi Party?44
9756151943the aryan racewhich race was Hitler convinced was the most highly evolved race?45
9756151944slavs and jewswhich races did Hitler believe were "inferior" and had "corrupted" the German race?46
9756151945yesdid Hitler become the chancellor, leader of the Reichstag in 1933?47
9756151946Third Reichthe Third Republic/Empire of Germany which began Hitler's rule in 1933 and ended with his defeat in 194548
9756151947nationalisma strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country49
9756151948yeswas nationalism thought of differently from Europe and Japan compared to colonies?50
9756151949yesdid Hitler go against the Treaty of Versailles by rebuilding the German military?51
9756151950yesdid Gemany withdraw from the League of Nations?52
9756151951yesdid the rest of the world choose to not object in Germany disregarding the Treaty of Versailles in fear of another war?53
9756151952Francisco Francothe Fascist leader of the Spanish revolution who was helped by Hitler and Mussolini54
9756151953Rhinelandname of the territory in which Hitler sent troops to regain after it was taken away from them in WWI in defiance of the Versailles treaty in 193555
9756151954Munich Conference of 1938a conference in which Hitler and Germany was given Sudetenland in return for the promise that Hitler end his expansionist activities56
9756151955Neville Chamberlaina British statesman who as Prime Minister pursued a policy of appeasement toward fascist Germany57
9756151956appeasementaccepting demands of dissatisfied powers in order to avoid conflict58
9756151957noafter the Munich Conference of 1938, did Hitler stop his expansions as he promised?59
9756151958Nazi-Soviet Pactan agreement between Stalin and Hitler to not fight each other, but invade and divide up Poland60
9756151959Britain then Franceafter Germany went to invade Poland, which two countries declared war on Germany?61
9756151962blitzkreigalso known as the "Lighting Wars," a type of fast-moving warfare used by German forces against Poland in 193962
9756151963Winston Churchillwho was the Prime Minister of Great Britain during World War II?63
9756151965yesdid Germany break the Nazi-Soviet Pact?64
9756151966Tripartite Pactan agreement that created an alliance between Germany (Berlin), Italy (Rome), and Japan during WWII65
9756151967Pearl Harborthe bombing of a U.S. naval base in Hawaii by the Japanese on December 7, 1941; this eagered America to enter WWII66
9756151968Manhattan Projectcode name for the American project to build the first atomic bomb during WWII by67
9756151969D-daythe allied invasion of France (Normandy) on June 6, 194468
9756151970Harry Trumanwhich US president ordered the dropping of the atomic bomb in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan?69
9756151971yesafter the atomic bombs were dropped by the US, did Japan surrender, ending WWII?70
9756151972Holocaustthe mass murder of Jews who lived in Germany and German-occupied lands under the Nazi Regime71
9756151973genocidethe systematic killing of a racial or cultural group72
9756151974Marshall Planthe United States program of economic aid for the reconstruction of Europe (1948-1952)73
9756151975United Nationsan organization of independent states formed in 1945 to promote international peace and security74
9756151976Cold Warthe power struggle between the Soviet Union and the United States after World War II75
9756151977Americawhich country was in charge of West Germany?76
9756151978Soviet Unionwhich country was in charge of East Germany?77
9756151979Berlin Blockadewhen the Soviet Union blocked off Berlin from the allies, causing the Berlin Airlift78
9756151980Berlin Airliftprogram in which U.S. and British pilots flew supplies to West Berlin during the Soviet blockade79
9756151981spheres of influenceareas in which countries have some political and economic control but do not govern directly80
9756151982Soviet blocthe communist nations of Europe, under the influence of the Soviet Union.81
9756151983Western blocparts of Western Europe that was not controlled by the Soviets.82
9756151984NATONorth Atlantic Treaty Organization; the Cold War military alliance (USA + Western Europe vs. USSR).83
9756151985Warsaw Pacta military alliance, formed in 1955, of the Soviet Union and its Eastern European satellite nations.84
9756151986Iron Curtaina "curtain" split between the democratic nations and communist nations during the Cold War85
9756151987Nuclear Non Proliferation Treatya landmark international treaty whose objective is to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons and weapons technology, to promote cooperation in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy and to further the goal of achieving nuclear disarmament and general and complete disarmament86
9756151988International Atomic Energy AgencyCooperates with partners worldwide to promote safe, secure and peaceful nuclear technologies; United Nations87
9756151989Sun Yat-senthe founder of the Kuomintang Party who led the movement to create a united, democratic Chine that would be free from control88
9756151990Chinese Revolution of 1911the overthrow of the Manchu Dynasty that ended 2,000 years of Imperial Rule89
9756151991Three Principles of the PeopleSun Yat-sen hoped to establish a new government in China based on these ideals: 1. Nationalism 2. Socialism 3. Democracy90
9756151992Chiang Kai-shekleader of the Nationalist Party in China that fell to the Communist Party after World War II91
9756151993Mao Zedonga Chinese Communist leader from 1949 to 1976.92
9756151994Republic of Chinathe Nationalist government that the United States set up on the island of Taiwan93
9756151995People's Republic of Chinathe name given to communist China under Mao Zedong94
9756151996Great Leap ForwardMao Zedong's attempt to build Chinese industry and agriculture95
9756151997Cultural Revolutiona radical reform in China initiated by Mao Zedong in 1965 and carried out largely by the Red Guard96
9756151998egalitarianismthe belief that all people should have equal political, economic, social, and civil rights97
9756151999westernizationadoption of western ideas, technology, and culture98
9756152000yeswhen Communism was first introduced to China, did Confucianism vanish?99
9756152001Tiananmen Square massacrewhen a million demonstrators, calling for democratic reforms, converged on Tiananmen Square and hundreds were killed by troops sent by the government100
9756152002General MacArthurcommander of UN forces in Korean War101
9756152003IndochinaFrench colony made up of Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam102
9756152004Vietminha Communist group led by Ho Chi Minh where the organization had goals to win Vietnam's independence from foreign rule103
9756152005guerilla warfaretype of fighting in which soldiers use swift hit-and-run attacks against the enemy104
9756152006Ho Chi Minhthe Communist leader of North Vietnam105
9756152007Ngo Dihn Diemthe president of the democratic South Korea106
9756152008Viet Congthe communist rebels trying to overthrow South Vietnam's government107
9756152009Fidel Castroa Communist dictator of Cuba who came into power in 1959108
9756152010Cuban Revolutiona revolt in 1959 that resulted in Fidel Castro overthrowing President Fulgencio Batista and forming a communist government in Cuba109
9756152011Platt Amendmentamendment to the 1902 Cuban constitution that allowed the United States to intervene in Cuba110
9756152012Bay of Pigs InvasionPresident Kennedy's failed plan to round up Cuban exiles to invade Cuba and overthrow Castro at the Bay of Pigs111
9756152013Cuban Missile Crisisthe 13 Day period in October 1962 when Soviet nuclear missile were pointed at the United States in Cuba112
9756152014Good NeighborRoosevelt's policy against military intervention in Latin America113
9756152015National Action Partya Mexican political party that took power in the 2000 presidential election (PAN)114
9756152016export economya type of economy in which goods are produced mainly for export rather than for domestic use115
9756152021Mikhail Gorbachevthe last leader of the Soviet Union in the 1980s who worked with Reagan to end the Cold War116
9756152022ethnic cleansingthe mass expulsion or killing of members of an unwanted ethnic or religious group in a society - Bosnian and Albanian Muslims were raped and slaughtered by Christian Serbians117
9756152023Boris YeltsinPresident of the Russian Republic in 1991. Helped end the USSR and force Mikhail Gorbachev (Former General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union) to resign.118
9756152024Vladimir Putinthe current President of Russia119
9756152025Muslim Leaguean organization formed by muslims in 1906 to protect their interests against British Rule120
9756152026Indian National Congressa movement and political party founded in 1885 to demand greater Indian participation in government121
9756152027Amritsar massacrethe killing of 319 Indians by British troops during a peaceful protest in a park against the arrest of two peace protesters122
9756152028Mohandas Gandhithe Indian leader who used nonviolent methods to seek independence from Great Britain123
9756152029passive resistancepeaceful resistance to a government by fasting or refusing to cooperate; civil disobedience124
9756152030Muhammad Ali JinnahIndian statesman who was the founder of Pakistan as a Muslim state and the leader of the Muslim League (1876-1948)125
9756190142Causes of WW1nationalism, imperialism, militarism, creation of alliances (Central and Allied Powers); immediate cause: assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand (heir to Austrian throne) by a Serb on June 28, 1914126
9756199060LusitaniaA British passenger ship that was sunk by a German U-Boat on May 7, 1915. 128 Americans died. The sinking greatly turned American opinion against the Germans, helping the move towards entering the war.127
9756201928Zimmerman TelegraphMarch 1917. Sent from German Foreign Secretary, addressed to German minister in Mexico City. Mexico should attack the US if US goes to war with Germany (needed that advantage due to Mexico's proximity to the US). In return, Germany would give back Tex, NM, Arizona etc to Mexico.128
9756205234Treaty of Versailles1918, , Created by the leaders victorious allies Nations: France, Britain, US, and signed by Germany to help stop WWI. The treaty stripped Germany of all Army, Navy, Air force, forced Germany to repay war damages (33 billion), Germany had to acknowledge guilt for causing WWI, and Germany could not manufacture any weapons.129
9756212575Arab- Isreali ConflictThis conflict has been going on for years. It started when both the Jewish and Arab Palestinians wanted Palestine for their own. Eventually the Jews got control of Palestine, but there has been a number of wars and terrorist attacks between these two. This conflict continues today.130
9756217541Kristallnacht(Night of the Broken Glass) November 9, 1938, when mobs throughout Germany destroyed Jewish property and terrorized Jews.131
9756221425AppeasmentA policy of making concessions to an aggressor in the hopes of avoiding war. Associated with Neville Chamberlain's policy of making concessions to Adolf Hitler.132
9756224779Iron CurtainA political barrier that isolated the peoples of Eastern Europe after WWII, restricting their ability to travel outside the region133
9756230715Truman DoctrineA US policy announced by President Harry Truman of providing economic and military aid to free nations threatened by internal or external opponents134
9756234828Chinese Civil WarWar between communist Mao Zse Tong and nationalist Chaing-Kai Shek. The communists took over and forced the nationalists to retreat to Taiwan135
9756238837Cuban Missile Crisis1962 crisis that arose between the United States and the Soviet Union over a Soviet attempt to deploy nuclear missiles in Cuba136
9756246345Cambodian GenocideThe four-year period saw the deaths of approximately two million Cambodians through the combined result of political executions, starvation, and forced labour by Pol Pot's Khmer Rouge.137

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