Terms : Hide Images
| 9977545026 | Triple Alliance (Triple Entente) | an informal understanding among Great Britain,France, and Russia based on a Franco-Russianmilitary alliance (1894), an Anglo-French entente(1904), and an Anglo-Russian entente (1907). Itwas considered a counterbalance to the Triple Alliance but was terminated when the Bolshevikscame into control in Russia in 1917 | 0 | |
| 9977545027 | Isolationism | the policy or doctrine of isolating one's countryfrom the affairs of other nations by declining toenter into alliances, foreign economic commitments, international agreements, etc. | 1 | |
| 9977545028 | Zimmerman Telegraph | The Zimmermann Telegram (or Zimmermann Note or Zimmerman Cable) was a secret diplomatic communication issued from the German Foreign Office in January 1917 that proposed a military alliance between Germany and Mexico in the prior event of the United States entering World War I against Germany | 2 | |
| 9977545029 | Red Army | the Soviet army; The army was established immediately after the 1917 October Revolution (RedOctober or Bolshevik Revolution). The Bolsheviks raised an army to oppose the military confederations (especially the various groups collectively known as the White Army) of their adversaries during the Russian Civil War | 3 | |
| 9977545030 | Totalitarianism | a new kind of government that arose during the 20th century | 4 | |
| 9977545031 | Appeasement | Appeasement, the policy of making concessions to the dictatorial powers in order to avoid conflict | 5 | |
| 9977545032 | Manhattan Project | U.S. History. the unofficial designation for theU.S. War Department's secret program, organizedin 1942, to explore the isolation of radioactiveisotopes and the production of an atomic bomb:initial research was conducted at ColumbiaUniversity in Manhattan | 6 | |
| 9977545033 | Ethnic Cleansing | the mass expulsion or killing of members of an unwanted ethnic or religious group in a society | 7 | |
| 9977545034 | Pogroms | an organized massacre of a particular ethnic group, in particular that of Jews in Russia or eastern Europe. | 8 | |
| 9977545035 | OPEC | the mission of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) is to coordinate and unify the petroleum policies of its Member Countries and ensure the stabilization of oil markets in order to secure an efficient, economic and regular supply of petroleum to consumers, a steady income to producers and a fair return on capital for those investing in the petroleum industry. | 9 | |
| 9977545036 | Special Economic Zones (SEZs) | A special economic zone is an area in which business and trade laws are different from the rest of the country. | 10 | |
| 9977545037 | Leon Trotsky | Leon Trotsky was a Russian revolutionary, theorist, and Soviet politician. Ideologically a Marxist and a Leninist, he later developed his own version of Marxism, Trotskyism | 11 | |
| 9977545038 | Rhineland | the name used for a loosely defined area of Western Germany along the Rhine, chiefly its middle section | 12 | |
| 9977545039 | Nazi-Soviet Pact | Through the Nazi-Soviet Pact, Stalin and Hitler agreed not to go to war with each other and to split Poland between them. | 13 | |
| 9977545040 | Battle of Britain | The Battle of Britain was the German air force's attempt to gain air superiority over the RAF from July to September 1940. Their ultimate failure was one of the turning points of World War Two and prevented Germany from invading Britain. | 14 | |
| 9977545041 | D-Day | the day (June 6, 1944) in World War II on which Allied forces invaded northern France by means of beach landings in Normandy. | 15 | |
| 9977545042 | Pearl Harbor | Pearl Harbor is a U.S. naval base near Honolulu, Hawaii, that was the scene of a devastating surprise attack by Japanese forces on December 7, 1941 | 16 | |
| 9977545043 | Tripartite Pact | in 1940, the Axis powers are formed as Germany, Italy, and Japan become allies with the signing of the Tripartite Pact in Berlin | 17 | |
| 9977545044 | Hiroshima and Nagasaki | dropped the world's first deployed atomic bombs over the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki | 18 | |
| 9977545045 | Berlin Blockade | The Berlin Blockade (24 June 1948-12 May 1949) was one of the first major international crises of the Cold War. During the multinational occupation of post-World War II Germany, the Soviet Union blocked the Western Allies' railway, road, and canal access to the sectors of Berlin under Western control. | 19 | |
| 9977545046 | Berlin Airlift | the U.S. and its allies decided to supply their sectors of the city from the air. This effort, known as the "Berlin Airlift," lasted for more than a year and carried more than 2.3 million tons of cargo into West Berlin. | 20 | |
| 9977545047 | People's Republic of China | On October 1, 1949, the People's Republic of China was formally established, with its national capital at Beijing | 21 | |
| 9977545048 | Bay of Pigs Invasion | On April 17, 1961, 1400 Cuban exiles launched what became a botched invasion at the Bay of Pigs on the south coast of Cuba. In 1959, Fidel Castro came to power in an armed revolt that overthrew Cuban dictator Fulgencio Batista | 22 | |
| 9977545049 | Gamal Nasser | Gamal Abdel Nasser Hussein was the second President of Egypt, serving from 1956 until his death in 1970. Nasser led the 1952 overthrow of the monarchy and introduced far-reaching land reforms the following year | 23 | |
| 9977545050 | Tutsi and Hutu | During the Rwandan genocide of 1994, members of the Hutu ethnic majority in the east-central African nation of Rwanda murdered as many as 800,000 people, mostly of the Tutsi minority | 24 | |
| 9977545051 | Balfour Declartion | Balfour Declaration, (November 2, 1917), statement of British support for "the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people." | 25 | |
| 9977545052 | Arab-Israeli War | Arab-Israeli wars, series of military conflicts between Israeli and various Arab forces, most notably in 1948-49, 1956, 1967, 1973, and 1982. | 26 | |
| 9977545053 | Yassir Arafat | Yasser Arafat was chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization from 1969 until his death in 2004, a tumultuous period in which clashes with neighboring Israel were prevalent | 27 | |
| 9977545054 | Iranian Revolution | Iranian Revolution of 1978-79, also called Islamic Revolution, Persian Enqelāb-e Eslāmī, popular uprising in Iran in 1978-79 that resulted in the toppling of the monarchy on April 1, 1979, and led to the establishment of an Islamic republic. | 28 | |
| 9977545055 | Persian Gulf War | Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein ordered the invasion and occupation of neighboring Kuwait in early August 1990. Alarmed by these actions, fellow Arab powers such as Saudi Arabia and Egypt called on the United States and other Western nations to intervene. Hussein defied United Nations Security Council demands to withdraw from Kuwait by mid-January 1991, and the Persian Gulf War began with a massive U.S.-led air offensive known as Operation Desert Storm | 29 | |
| 9977545056 | Saddam Hussein | Saddam Hussein was president of Iraq for more than two decades and is seen as a figurehead of the country's military conflicts with Iran and the United States. | 30 | |
| 9977545057 | Archduke Franz Ferdinand | In an event that is widely acknowledged to have sparked the outbreak of World War I, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, nephew of Emperor Franz Josef and heir to the Austro-Hungarian Empire, is shot to death along with his wife by a Serbian nationalist in Sarajevo, Bosnia on June 28, 1914 | 31 | |
| 9977545058 | General Hideki Tojo | Wartime leader of Japan's government, General Tôjô Hideki (1884-1948), with his close-cropped hair, mustache, and round spectacles, became for Allied propagandists one of the most commonly caricatured members of Japan's military dictatorship throughout the Pacific war. Shrewd at bureaucratic infighting and fiercely partisan in presenting the army's perspective while army minister, he was surprisingly indecisive as national leader | 32 | |
| 9977545059 | Franklin Delano Roosevelt | president during the Great Depression; the New Deal His ambitious slate of New Deal programs and reforms redefined the role of the federal government in the lives of Americans. Reelected by comfortable margins in 1936, 1940 and 1944, FDR led the United States from isolationism to victory over Nazi Germany and its allies in World War II. | 33 | |
| 9977545116 | He led the successful wartime alliance between Britain, the Soviet Union and the United States and helped lay the groundwork for the post-war peace organization that would become the United Nations. The only American president in history to be elected four times, Roosevelt died in office in April 1945 | 34 | ||
| 9977545060 | Fidel Castro | political leader of Cuba (1959-2008) who transformed his country into the first communist state in the Western Hemisphere. Castro became a symbol of communist revolutionin Latin America. | 35 | |
| 9977545061 | Ronald Reagan | 40th president of the United States (1981-89), noted for his conservative Republicanism, his fervent anticommunism, and his appealing personal style, characterized by a jaunty affability and folksy charm. The only movie actor ever to become president, he had a remarkable skill as an orator that earned him the title "the Great Communicator." His policies have been credited with contributing to the demise of Soviet communism. | 36 | |
| 9977545062 | Bolshevik Revolution | a collective term for the series of revolutions in 1917 which ousted Tsar Nicholas II and the tsarist autocracy and replaced it with the communist Bolshiveks | 37 | |
| 9977545063 | Adolf Hitler | lived from 1889 to 1945; leader of the Nazi party in Germany; chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945; dictator of Nazi Germany from 1934 to 1945 | 38 | |
| 9977545064 | apartheid | "separateness"; a series of laws initiated by the Afrikaner National Party in South Africa which was designed to divide South African society by skin color and ethnicity; this system also reserved South Africa's resources for whites | 39 | |
| 9977545065 | Ayatollah Ruholla Khomeini | lived from 1900 to 1989; religious leader of the Islamic Republic of Iran | 40 | |
| 9977545066 | Benito Mussolini | lived from 1883 to 1945; leader of the Italian National Fascist Party; prime minister of Italy from 1922 to 1943 | 41 | |
| 9977545067 | Central Powers | one of the two warring factions in World War I; composed of Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire and their allies | 42 | |
| 9977545068 | Chiang Kai-Shek | lived from 1887 to 1975; Chinese military officer who was leader of the Guomindang; fled to Taiwan after the Chinese Communist Party came to power in China | 43 | |
| 9977545069 | Cold War | a sustained state of political and military tension between members of NATO and members of the Warsaw Pact; dissolution of the Soviet Union was the end of this "conflict" | 44 | |
| 9977545070 | Collectivization | system in which the holdings of several farmers are run collectively as a unit; imposed by the government in the Soviet Union; an example of this is communal farming | 45 | |
| 9977545071 | Cuban Missile Crisis | a 13-day confrontation in October 1962 between the Soviet Union and the United States; Soviet missiles moved to Cuban soil in an agreement by Fidel Castro and Nikita Khrushchev; U.S. responds by blockading Cuba | 46 | |
| 9977545072 | Cultural Revolution | also known as the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution; launched by Mao in the late 1960's; aimed to combat the capitalist tendencies he believed had penetrated even the highest ranks of the communist party itself; involved new policies to bring health care and education to the countryside and reinvigorate earlier efforts at rural industrialization under local control | 47 | |
| 9977545073 | Deng Xiaoping | lived from 1904 to 1997; successor to Mao Zedong; reformist who sought to incorporate The People's Republic of China into the world economy; dismantled collectivized farming, state enterprises given greater authority, welcomed foreign investment; crushed democracy movement in Beijing's Tiananmen Square | 48 | |
| 9977545074 | Fascism | political ideology which was intensely nationalistic; celebrated action and placed faith in charismatic leaders; and condemned individualism, liberalism, feminism, parliamentary democracy, and communism; adopted by Italy, Germany, and Japan in the years following World War I | 49 | |
| 9977545075 | Fourteen Points | a statement given on January 8, 1918 by United States President Woodrow Wilson declaring that World War I was being fought for a moral cause and called for postwar peace in Europe | 50 | |
| 9977545076 | Gamel Abdel Nasser | lived from 1918 to 1970; second President of Egypt from 1956 to 1970; planned the overthrow of the monarchy and sought to nationalize the Suez Canal | 51 | |
| 9977545077 | Genocide | the systematic destruction of all or part of a racial, ethnic, religious or national group | 52 | |
| 9977545078 | Glasnost | a Soviet policy established by Mikhail Gorbachev which permitted cultural and intellectual freedoms | 53 | |
| 9977545079 | Great Depression | economic depression as a result of the crash of the American stock market; lasted from 1929 until World War II; causes drop in world trade, loss of investment, and businesses unable to make profit; countries or colonies tied to exporting one or two products hardhit as the West consumed less; conditions resulting in the Great Depression led to widespread unemployment and social tensions | 54 | |
| 9977545080 | Green Revolution | a series of research, and development, and technology transfer initiatives, occurring between the 1940s and the late 1960s, that increased agriculture production worldwide, particularly in the developing world | 55 | |
| 9977545081 | Ho Chi Minh | lived from 1890 to 1969; Vietnamese communist revolutionary leader; was prime minister (from 1945 to 1955) and president (from 1945 to 1969) of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam | 56 | |
| 9977545082 | Holocaust | the mass murder of approximately six million Jews during World War II; a program of systematic state-sponsored murder by Nazi Germany; led by Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party | 57 | |
| 9977545083 | Iron Curtain | the heavily fortified border between Eastern and Western Europe | 58 | |
| 9977545084 | Joseph Stalin | lived from 1878 to 1953; the leader of the Soviet Union from 1922 to 1952; implemented a highly centralized command economy, which resulted in the transformation of Russian society from agrarian to industrialized; imprisoned millions in labor camps and deported many to remote areas; issued the Great Purges, in which hundreds of thousands, including many prominent communists, were executed | 59 | |
| 9977545085 | League of Nations | international peacekeeping organization founded as a result of the First World World; proposed by US president Woodrow Wilson; committed to the principle of "collective security" and intended to avoid the repetition of war | 60 | |
| 9977545086 | Mahatma Gandhi | lived from 1869 to 1948; leader of the Indian nationalist movement during British control over India; used nonviolent civil disobedience, such as hunger strikes | 61 | |
| 9977545087 | Mao Zedong | lived from 1893 to 1976; Chinese communist revolutionary and leader of the People's Republic of China from its establishment 1949 to his death in 1976; the great leap | 62 | |
| 9977545088 | Marshall Plan | plan which sought to rebuild and reshape devastated European economies; funneled Europe some $12 billion with numerous advisers and technicians; motivated by combination of humanitarian concern, a desire to prevent a new depression by creating overseas customers for American goods, and interest in undermining the growing appeal of European communist parties; required European nations to cooperate with one another | 63 | |
| 9977545089 | Mikhail Gorbachev | born in 1931; last general secretary of the Soviet Union (1985 to 1991); passed reforms such as perestroika and policies such as glasnost which led to the dissolution of the Soviet Union | 64 | |
| 9977545090 | Ataturk (Mustafa Kemal) | lived from 1881 to 1938; founder and the first President of the Republic of Turkey; passed a series of reforms to transform the former Ottoman Empire into a modern, secular, and democratic nation | 65 | |
| 9977545091 | NATO | An international organization created in 1949 by the North Atlantic Treaty for purposes of collective security. | 66 | |
| 9977545092 | Nelson Mandela | lived from 1918 to 2013; South African anti-apartheid revolutionary and politician; President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999; served as President of the African National Congress from 1991 to 1997 | 67 | |
| 9977545093 | Nikita Khrushchev | lived from 1894 to 1971; leader of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964; responsible for the de-Stalinization of the Soviet Union and backing of the Soviet space program | 68 | |
| 9977545094 | North American Free Trade Agreement | NAFTA; regional alliance founded in 1993 and consists of Canada, Mexico, and the United States; the world's second largest free-trade zone | 69 | |
| 9977545095 | North Atlantic Treaty Organization | NATO; a military alliance based on the North Atlantic Treaty which was signed in 1949; alliance in which its member states agree to mutual defense in response to an attack by any external party; consists of 28 member states across North America and Europe | 70 | |
| 9977545096 | Palestinian Liberation Organization | PLO; an organization founded in 1964 with the purpose of creating an independent State of Palestine | 71 | |
| 9977545097 | Perestroika | an economic program launched by Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev which freed state enterprises from government regulation, permitted small-scale private businesses, offered opportunities for private farming, and welcomed foreign investment in joint enterprises | 72 | |
| 9977545098 | Potsdam Conference | a conference which was held from July 17 to August 2, 1945; participants include the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States; gathered to decide how to punish Nazi Germany, sought to establish a post-war order, address peace treaty issues, and counter the effects of World War II | 73 | |
| 9977545099 | Tiananmen Square Massacre | Site in Beijing where Chinese students and workers gathered to demand greater political openness in 1989. The demonstration was crushed by Chinese military with great loss of life. | 74 | |
| 9977545100 | transnational corporations | a.k.a multi-national corporation; an organization that owns or controls production or services facilities in one or more countries other than its home country | 75 | |
| 9977545101 | Treaty of Versailles | treaty which formally concluded the World War I in 1919; established the conditions for a World War II; Germany losses colonial empire and 15% of its European territory, required to pay heavy reparations to the winners, had its military forces severely restricted, and had to accept sole responsibility for the war; immense German resentment created from the treaty | 76 | |
| 9977545102 | trench warfare | type of warfare using occupied fighting lines consisting largely of trenches, in which troops are significantly protected from the enemy's small arms fire and are substantially sheltered from artillery; resulted in enormous casualties while gaining or losing a few yards of ground during World War I | 77 | |
| 9977545103 | United Nations | organization established in 1945 as a successor to the League of Nations; attempts to find solutions to global problems and deal with virtually any matter of concern to humanity | 78 | |
| 9977545104 | Vietnam War | war which occurred in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1956 to 1975; U.S. entered the war to prevent South Vietnam from becoming communist, as a result of its containment policy; Soviet Union backed Northern Vietnamese forces in an attempt to spread communism to Southeast Asia; resulted in the unification of Vietnam under a communist government and the spread of communism to Cambodia and Laos | 79 | |
| 9977545105 | Vladimir Lenin | born Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov; lived from 1870 to 1924; the leader of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and premier of the Soviet Union | 80 | |
| 9977545106 | Warsaw Pact | An alliance between the Soviet Union and other Eastern European nations. This was in response to the NATO | 81 | |
| 9977545107 | Weimar Republic | the federal republic and semi-presidential representative democracy established in 1919 in Germany to replace the imperial form of government after World War I; lasted until the Nazi Party rose to power in 1933; faced numerous problems, including hyperinflation, political extremists and continuing contentious relationships with the victors of World War I | 82 | |
| 9977545108 | Winston Churchill | lived from 1874 to 1965; British politician; Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1940 to 1945 and from 1951 to 1955 | 83 | |
| 9977545109 | Woodrow Wilson | lived from 1856 to 1924; 28th President of the United States (1913-1921); leader of the Progressive Movement; famous for his Fourteen Points, which sought to avoid another worldwide conflict | 84 | |
| 9977545110 | World Bank | a United Nations international financial institution that provides loans to developing countries for capital programs; its primary goal is to reduce poverty | 85 | |
| 9977545111 | World Trade Organization | WTO; established in 1994 by the 123 members of GATT; took over GATT activities in 1995; developed into a forum for settling international trade disputes | 86 | |
| 9977545112 | World War I | war which lasted from 1914 to 1918; also known as the Great War; pitted the Allies (United Kingdom, France, Russia, Italy, Japan, and the United States) and the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria); resulted in an Allied victory and Treaty of Versailles, which set the stage for another world war | 87 | |
| 9977545113 | World War II | war which lasted from 1939 to 1945; pitted the Allied Powers (Soviet Union, United Kingdom, United States, China and France) against the Axis Powers (Germany, Japan, and Italy); resulted in an Allied victory, the creation of the United Nations, and set the stage for the Cold War | 88 | |
| 9977545114 | Yalta Conference | conference which lasted from February 4 to February 11, 1945; meeting attended by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Prime Minister Winston Churchill and Premier Joseph Stalin for the purpose of discussing Europe's post-war reorganization; convened in the Livadia Palace near Yalta in Crimea | 89 | |
| 9977545115 | Zionist Movement | the national movement of Jews and Jewish culture that supports the creation of a Jewish homeland in the territory defined as the Land of Israel | 90 |
