flashcards i'm using to take the cset even any one has any other i should add please let me know...not just to these but even the others I have
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| 842039119 | incas 9 | -largest preColumbian empire, -started from Peru and moved to ecuador, bolivia, argentina, chile, colombia -complex accounting system-using knots on a rope -called children of the sun believed in sun god -govn took care of people, old, and homeless -they madeceramics, gold, silver items -doctors did successful skull surgery -for agriculture they did river diversion and retaining walls -conqured by spain in 1531, Francisco Pizarro led the Spanish invaders | 0 | |
| 844305364 | mayans 5 | -no central location but majority in in the top of south america and end of mexico ---hieroglyphic writing system -Major contributions were in mathematics, astronomy, and development of the calendar ---discovered zero before europeans -cities abandoned for reasons unknown | 1 | |
| 844305365 | aztecs 5 | -wandering Indians wandered into Mexico, aztecs, settled in swampy shores of Lake Texcoco -Tenochtitlan - major city -believed in sun god and human sacrifices -they wrote books, peotry, drama, music, ceramics, pyramids, temples and palaces -1500 CE, The arrival of the Spanish brought guns, horses, huge fighting dogs, and disease. | 2 | |
| 842039121 | 2 asian philosophers | -Confucius (551-479 BC) was a thinker/teacher that stressed love for humanity, ancestor worship, reverence for parents, and harmony in thought and conduct. -lao-tzu built on ying and yang, living balance, only in balance and harmony can one live a successful life | 3 | |
| 842039122 | buddha, buddhism, hinduism | -Gutama Buddha-Prince born who rejected destiny & embarked on mission to discover sources of human suffering. Taught primary source of suffering is failure to control one's desires. -Buddhism-emphasized the "middle path" release all cares, no excell, simple basic life, karma and reincarnation -hinduism-started before historic times, karma caused the birth in social statues (castes-highes brahmins, kshatriyas, vayshias, lowest untouchables) ---gandhi led modern outlaw of caste system; but still used in some locations | 4 | |
| 842039123 | the greeks 4 | -theater traditions, scientific approach to medicine, philosophy, geometry, and democratic approach to government -conquered by romans around 200 BCE -best known city state was athens-known for its artists, Sparta, the preeminent military and athletic center -philosophers-homer (odyssey), Plato (mathematician), aristotle (taught alexander the great and was plato student) | 5 | |
| 842039124 | the romans 7 | -incorporated greek culture into their traditions -great military and learned from those they conquered -four classes-slaves, plebeians/free people, equestrians/knights, patricians/nobles -believed the myth of gods (zeus, athena, ares) -adopted christianity to unite people -Gave US code of laws, written constitution, system of checks and balances, concept of civic duty -corruption and competition in military allowed germanic worriors to invade 476 CE | 6 | |
| 842039125 | the middle ages 5 | -after rome soldiers left but missionaries stayed -feudalism evolved-a social, economic, and political system, power is decentralized ---lords hold land, they allow others to live on and work in return for loyalty and service/farming, soldier -king, lords, knights, peasants -Justinian's Code-Emperor Justinian collected up all the old laws, and added new ones that gave his people even more rights | 7 | |
| 844376461 | christianity 6 | -emperor constantine legitimized chritianity -christianity espanded through military conquest and economic conquest -church and emperor were politically joined -cathedrals could take 100 years to complete -religous figures only educated, books reproduced by monks, population depended on church authorities, rich kids sent to study at church -the inquisition-around 1232 CE, court was staffed with church officials who were supposed to seek out and punish people suspected of not obeying the church | 8 | |
| 842039126 | the crusades 1...6 | -Three major religious groups all claimed Jerusalem in the land of Palestine as their holy city. ----To Christians, it was the place where Jesus was crucified and ascended to heaven ----To muslims, it was the place where Muhammad ascended to heaven ----To Jews, it was the site of the ancient temple built by Solomon --In 600 CE, Arabs entered the city and took control -Around 1095, new Arabs took control of Jerusalem. They closed the city to Jewish and Christian pilgrims | 9 | |
| 844415442 | the crusades 2...5 | -The Pope called for a crusade - a volunteer army whose goal was to retake Jerusalem. -30,000 left Western Europe to fight in Jerusalem -Each crusader had a huge red cross, made out of fabric, stitched onto their shirts or armor -After about two years of harsh traveling, hunger, disease, freezing weather, and quarrels amongst themselves, the crusaders finally arrived in Jerusalem. After a two-month siege of the city, the city fell. The crusaders had won back Jerusalem. -Less than 50 years later, Muslims once again conquered Jerusalem. Again the pope called for a crusade to take back the city. | 10 | |
| 842039127 | manga carta 5 | -King John angered many of his people. -He lost territory to the French, increased taxes, oppressed many of his people, arresting them without trials. -In 1215 A.D, nobles were worried about losing power and Johns tyrant like behavior so they got together and wrote the manga carta -It guaranteed the people certain rights, and bound the king to certain laws -these nobles forced King John to sign it on the threat of civil war | 11 | |
| 842039128 | the renaissance 1...5 | -means rebirth -given to the flowering of european culture at the end of the medieval period -a period of time from the 14th to the 17th century in Europe -It was a rebirth of education, science, art, literature, music, and a better life for people in general -it started in italy due to the greek and romans, adn the wealthy were willing to suppor the artist | 12 | |
| 844547445 | the renaissance 2...5 | -leonardo d vinci-did technicques outsides rigid religious parameters -copernicus and galileo-challenged idea of churches belief that earth and its creatures were the center of divine creation -copernicus discovered sun didnt revolve around earth -inventing the printing press -first book printed was the bibble around 1440...gave people an incentive to read | 13 | |
| 849528452 | enlightenment 4 | -age of reason -movement that over through the monarch and accepted the market system -intelligent reasoning was in and religious superstition was out -central idea-freedom, democracy, rationality | 14 | |
| 842039131 | spanish exploration 10 | -in 1542 juan cabrillo sailed pacific looking for fake northwest passage -got to san francisco bay and claimed it Spanish land -sebastian vizcaino named many coastal areas -california not interested for over 150 years -sacred expedition was father junipero serra, gaspar de portola -together formed seven churches -fermin lasuen made nine more -taught indian agriculture to feed soldiers/priest -spaniards wanted the indians to spread christian views after they left (they never left) -missionaries brought olive trees, orange trees, wheat, barley, farm animals | 15 | |
| 842039132 | mexcian independence from spain 6 | -1810-1821 -closed missions except churches -wanted natives to share land with settlers -indians never really got land -rancho system large land given to few owners -own title on land if they build a house in a year after settling | 16 | |
| 842039134 | mexican-american war 8 | -texas was annaxed, texas claimed to be to be free of mexico but mexico didnt accept claim -bear flag revolt initiated hostilities in california -no agreement was reached so army was sent to to establish border -war started 1846 -treaty of guadalupe hidalgo was signed 1848 -mexicans kept land but had to provide evidence that it belonged to them ----almost no records of land were kept so it took years to prove and many last their land -rio grande was marked as the border | 17 | |
| 842039129 | california history 1...7 | -third largest state in U.S. -it has sierra nevada mnt, mojave and colorado desert, central valley where produce is made -Aemeridans possibly lived 40,000years ago walked from asia through the bering strait -homes could have been made of tule (reeds) -coastal tribes used canoes called tomols -major food used was acorns, toxins out first -tribes made of small groups or large families | 18 | |
| 842039135 | gold rush 8 | -In 1847 while cuilding a sawmill in the Sierra Nevada foothills, workers for Johann Stutter discovered gold -tried to keep secret but Merchant Sam Brannon publicized gold -President Polk encouraged the gold rush for land settlers -population grew drasticly from 200 to 36,000 -laws to tax mexicans and asians -not enough law men to handle the large population...lawless lands -land was taken from indians -hydraulic mining used powerful hoses to shot water at hillsides, destroyed land and killed fish | 19 | |
| 842039140 | manifest dentiny | the widely held belief that American settlers were destined to expand across the continent -sea to shining sea | 20 | |
| 842039120 | first colony | -The first permanent settlement in North America was the English colony at Jamestown, in 1607, in what is now Virginia | 21 | |
| 844305366 | american revolution 1...5 | -1765-british stamp act expected colonies to pay for tax, colonoies said "no taxation without representation" -1766-Declaratory Act asserting its right to make laws binding on the colonies, make them pay taxes -1770-Four workers shot by British troops stationed in Boston. Patriots label the killings "The Boston Massacre." -1773-Massachusetts patriots dressed as Mohawk Indians protest the British Tea Act by dumping crates of tea into Boston Harbor -1774-First Continental Congress convenes in Philadelphia. | 22 | |
| 844996136 | american revolution 2...5 | -1775-Shots fired at Lexington and Concord. "Minute Men" force British troops back to Boston. -George Washington takes command of the Continental Army -1776-Thomas Jefferson wrote common sense and Declaration of Independence ratified by the Congress and army was sent to crush rebellion -1778-France joins U.S., vicotory of saratoga turns tables -1783-peace treaty is signed in paris | 23 | |
| 849553761 | women of the revolution 4 | -abigail adams-for women rights and agaisnt slavery, said congress shouldn't give unlimimited power to men or women would rebel -molly pitcher-brought water to soldiers during war, battle of monmouth 1778 husband died and she took his place handling the cannon, honored noncommissioned officer -phillis wheatley-sold into slavery, became well known poet in colonies, poem to praise washington published in pennsylvania gazette -mercy otis warren-poet, political writer, historian of the revolution, urged colonies to rebel | 24 | |
| 844305367 | articles of confederation 8 | -The Continental Congress wrote the Articles of Confederation during the Revolutionary War -articles were written to give the colonies some sense of a unified government -Once the thirteen colonies became the thirteen states, however, each one began to act alone in its own best interest -March 1, 1781 it was signed -The document maintained the aspect of voting done by states, but taxes were based upon the value of buildings and land and not by a state's population -The Articles also specified that no state could be deprived of territory for the benefit of the country and that all 13 states had to agree to any amendment of the federal government's power. -the government was weak so they changed it -The Federal Constitutional Convention May 1787 to re-write the Articles decided to draft an entirely new Constitution was signed 1789 | 25 | |
| 844295287 | slavery 1...5 | -slavery was dying out in tabacco but then thanks to cotton it started all over -Cotton replaced tobacco as the South's main cash crop and slavery became profitable again -southerners said slaves were like children that need to be taken care of and put to work -northerners didnt like blacks but they didnt see the benefits of slavery -The Underground Railroad was organized to help slaves escape north to freedom | 26 | |
| 849528453 | slavery 2...6 | -The United States Supreme Court in the 1857 Dred Scott Decision ruled that slaves were subhuman property with no rights of citizenship -slaves didnt rebel but they did passive protest -On September 22, 1862, President Abraham Lincoln presented the Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation -----slaves were free and could join army -1865- 13th Amendment banned slavery -Jim Crow laws said blacks and whites were seperate but equal | 27 | |
| 842039130 | civil war 1861-1865...9 | 1. Economic and social differences between the North and the South ----- the southern economy became a one crop economy, depending on cotton and therefore on slavery -----the northern economy was based more on industry than agriculture -----North meant that society evolved as people of different cultures and classes had to work together. the South continued to hold onto an antiquated social order 2. States versus federal rights -----those arguing for greater states rights and those arguing that the federal government needed to have more control -----with the new constitution many believed it ignored the rights of states to continue to act independently -----They felt that the states should still have the right to decide if they were willing to accept certain federal acts -----When nullification would not work and states felt that they were no longer respected, they moved towards secession | 28 | |
| 844325152 | civil war 2...7 | 3. The fight between Slave and Non-Slave State Proponents 4. Growth of the Abolition Movement -----the northerners became more polarized against slavery. Sympathies began to grow for abolitionists and against slavery and slaveholders -----This occurred especially after some major events including: the publishing of Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin 5. The election of Abraham Lincoln. -----They believed that Lincoln was anti-slavery and in favor of Northern interests -----Before Lincoln was even president, seven states had seceded from the Union: South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas. | 29 | |
| 849553762 | industrial revolution 5 | -greatest innovations were in the textile industry -expansion of the railroad and telegraph network led to the development of the US economy -cotton gin-seperated cotton and seeds- increased production of cotton but needed more slaves -spinning mule-spinned cotton-gave men cancer -factories-led women to work longer hours and in unsafe conditions | 30 | |
| 842039138 | the great depression 11 | -Black Tuesday, October 29, 1929, the day the stock market crashed and the official beginning of the Great Depression -Masses and masses of people tried to sell their stock, but no one was buying -many banks invested in the stock market, these banks were forced to close when the stock market crashed -banks closed people took their money out, which caused more banks to close -business invested in stocks so they lost money and cut back on workers...with less money people stopped spending -the Great Plains were hit hard with both a drought and horrendous dust storms, creating what became known as the Dust Bowl -years of overgrazing combined with the effects of a drought caused the grass to disappear -people blamed President Hoover -Roosevelt made the New Deal ---social security program -world war two ended the great depression | 31 | |
| 842677913 | world war 1...12 | -World War I was an extremely bloody war that engulfed Europe from 1914 to 1919 -10 million military deaths and another 20 million wounded - the assassination of Austria's Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie in June 28, 1914 -his assassination by a Serb nationalist was viewed as a great excuse to attack Austria-Hungary's troublesome neighbor, Serbia. - Allied Forces (a.k.a. the Allies): France, the United Kingdom, Russia -Central Powers: Germany and Austria-Hungary -From 1914 to 1917, soldiers on each side of the line fought from their trenches -between the trenches was no mans land -By 1917, the Allies were starting to run low on young men and US joined declaring war on germany -the US joined when they sank the British ocean liner RMS Lusitania with americans in it and when germany sent a telegraph so mexico promosing US if they attacked the US -war ended 1918 - Versailles Treaty was the peace treaty that ended World War I | 32 | |
| 842039139 | wold war 2...8 | -Germany suffered from high unemployment and runaway inflation. German money became almost worthless -Germany, Italy, and Japan all came under the rule of dictators or military leaders -Hitler began by taking Austria, then Czechoslovakia. no one tried to stop him -1939-germany invaded Poland, Britain and France declare war on Germany -attack on pearl harbor forced US to join -U.S. troops fought in North Africa, Europe, and the Pacific -Germany gave up first then Japan after the bombs were dropped -war ended 1945 | 33 | |
| 842675853 | democracy, aristocracy, monarchy | -government by the populace -government by a few -government by one | 34 | |
| 842675854 | three branches of government | legislative executive judicial | 35 | |
| 842675855 | legislative 3 | -made up of the two houses of Congress—the Senate and the House of Representatives -make laws -approves presedential appointments | 36 | |
| 842700526 | senate | -100 senators, two from each state, they serve for six years | 37 | |
| 842700527 | house of representatives 2 | -435 representatives are partitioned among the states according to population -each state must have at least one representative - | 38 | |
| 842675856 | executive 5 | -The President is the head of the executive branch, which makes laws official. -The President is elected by the entire country and serves a four-year term. -signs laws -appoints federal judges -vetoes laws | 39 | |
| 842675857 | judicial 7 | -decides if laws are constitunitonal -appointed by president -9 justices -can over turn ruling by other judges -1954 Brown v. Board of Education—Made racial segregation in schools illegal -1973 Roe v. Wade—Made abortion legal | 40 | |
| 842677914 | constitution | In 1787 leaders of the states gathered to write the Constitution-a set of principles that told how the new nation would be governed. | 41 | |
| 842677915 | bill of rights | -first ten amendments found in the United States United States Constitution in 1789, written by James Madison...orignially 12 kept only 10 | 42 | |
| 850099100 | 1-10 bill of rights | 1.Freedom of speech, religion, press, assembly 2.right to bear arms and militia 3.quartering soldiers 4.warrants and searches 5.individual debt and double jeopardy 6.speedy triald, witness and accusation 7.right for a jury trial 8.limatations on baild and punishment 9.rights kept by the people 10.powers kept by the states or people | 43 | |
| 850510802 | new englad colonies 4 | -rhode island-fishing, livestock, diary, fishing -conneticut-fishing, wheat, corn -massachusetts-fishing, corn, shipbuildig -new hampshire-fishing, potato, shipbuilding | 44 | |
| 850510803 | middle colonies 4 | -delaware-fishing, lumbering -pennsylvania-papermakin, shipbuilding -new york-iron workers, cattle, grin -new jersey-iron workers, limbering | 45 | |
| 850510804 | southern colonies 5 | -maryland-shipbuilding, corn, rice -virgina-tobacco, corn, wheat -georgia-rice sugar, indigo -north carolina-indigo, rice, tobacco -south carolina-indigo, rice, tobacco, cotton, cattle | 46 |
