Chapter 12 in Alan Brinkley's American History: A Survey
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| 41846986 | decline of merchant capitalism | merchants discovered more profit in manufacturing than in trade | |
| 41846987 | Industrial apitalists | new ruling class; the aristocrats of the northeast | |
| 41846991 | Lowell System | enlisted young teenaged women | |
| 41846994 | decline of Lowell | wages declined, hours lengthened, conditions deteriorated, overcrowded | |
| 41846996 | immigrant labor | large labor supply, cheap, unfamiliar with their new country | |
| 41846998 | decline of tobacco | market unstable; exhausted land | |
| 41846999 | short staple cotton | hardier and coarser; grow in variety of climates and soils | |
| 41847001 | lower south | cotton production dominated; "cotton kingdom"; | |
| 41847003 | colonial dependency | South relied on the North; south profited from it's agricultural system; fully invested in it so there was nothing left to invest in industrial or commercial economy; climate of south better suited agriculture than industry; southerners lazier? | |
| 41847004 | cavalier image | southerners believed themselves to be based on traditional values of chivalry, leisure, and elegance | |
| 41847005 | yankees | the yankees of the north were more concerned with rapid growth and development rather than the refined and gracious way of life | |
| 41847006 | planter aristocracy | the wealthy plantation owners with many slaves stood at the head of society determining the political, economical, and social aspects of society; they were the face of the south | |
| 41847008 | cult of honor | avenging insults was a social necessity, especially to do so for women | |
| 41847009 | the southern lady | centered in the home; companions and hostesses to their husbands and nurturing mothers to children; rarely engage in public activities or find income-producing work | |
| 41847010 | southern status of women | "women, like children, have but one right, and that is the right to protection. the right to protection involves the obligation to obey." | |
| 41847011 | walt whitman | romanticism; son of carpenter and traveled all over doing many odd jobs until he finally published his first work 'leaves of grass' | |
| 41847012 | Leaves of Grass | Whitman's first volume of work; poems were a celebration of democracy, liberation of the individual | |
| 41847014 | Moby Dick | Melville in 1851; portrayed Ahab, story of courage and the strength of the individual but also tragedy of pride and revenge | |
| 41847015 | Edgar Allen Poe | Author of sad and macabre stories and poems, Tamerlane and The Raven; explored the deeper painful world of the spirit and emotions | |
| 41847016 | reason vs. understanding | reason: the individual's innate capacity to grasp beauty and truth through giving full expression to the instincts and emotions. understanding: use of intellect in the narrow and artificial ways imposed by society, repression of instinct | |
| 41847017 | Ralph Waldo Wmerson | leader of the transcendentalists; most important intellectual of his age; nationalist | |
| 41847018 | Nature | Emerson's best known essay 1836; in the quest for self-fulfillment individuals should work for a common communion with the natural world | |
| 41847019 | Henry David Thoreau | next to Emerson, leading transcendentalist; wrote about repressive forces of society | |
| 41847020 | Walden | Thoreau's most famous book 1854; led him to live in a small cabin; living simply | |
| 41847021 | civil disobedience | a public refusal to obey unjust laws | |
| 41847023 | Brook Farm | Boston transcendentalist George Ripley established this community as an experimental community in West Roxbury, Mass.; Socialist | |
| 41847024 | Nathaniel Hawthorne | original resident of Brook Farm; wrote the Blithedale Romance portraying disastrous experiment; the scarlet letter; the house of seven gables | |
| 41847025 | charles fourier | ideas of socialist communities organized as cooperative phalanxes | |
| 41847026 | Robert Owen | Scottish industrialist; founded new experimental community in indiana in 1825, a "village of cooperation" but was economic failure | |
| 41847028 | John Humphrey Noyes | established the Oneida community in 1848 in upstate New York | |
| 41847029 | Oneida | everyone married to everyone | |
| 41847030 | Shakers | founded by "Mother" Ann Lee; celibacy; sexual equality; god either male or female | |
| 41847031 | American Colonization Society | society that promoted the effort to encourage the resettlement of blacks in africa or the caribbean | |
| 41847032 | Liberia | nation established by the relocatet slaves in 1830; named capital after monroe (monrovia) | |
| 41847033 | Failure of colonization | not enough funding, relocated fewer slaves than were born in the US in a month; blacks did not want to move to the unfamiliar country | |
| 41847034 | William Lloyd Garrison- The Liberator | grew tired of Lundy's moderate tone and decided to found his own weekly newspaper called the liberator; called for immediate abolition; founded the New England Antislavery Society and American Antislavery Society | |
| 41847035 | American Antislavery Society | Garrison founded in 1833; membership mushroomed; antislavery sentiment growing | |
| 41847038 | David Walker | free black from Boston-published this harsh pamphlet "cut our master's throats" | |
| 41847040 | Frederick Douglas | published North Star | |
| 41847043 | Elijah Lovejoy | editor of abolitionist newspaper in Illinois; repeated victim of mob violence; shot and killed when whites invaded his press a 4th time and burnt it | |
| 41847044 | Amistad Case | africans destined for slavery in cuba seized a ship and tried to sail it to africa but the US navy seized it and held the africans as pirates; court declared them free because of the international slave trade had been illegal | |
| 41847048 | Harriet Beecher Stowe | author of uncle tom's cabin; influential abolitionist | |
| 41847049 | Uncle Tom's Cabin | Stowe's powerful abolitionist book; remarkable bestseller | |
| 41847052 | personal liberty laws | forbade state officials to assist in the capture and return of fugitive slaves |
