Terms : Hide Images
| 98525122 | developmental psychology | a branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span | |
| 98525123 | zygote | the fertilized egg; it enters a 2-week period of rapid cell division and develops into an embyro | |
| 98525124 | embryo | the developing human organism from about 2 weeks after fertilization through the second month | |
| 98525125 | fetus | the developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth | |
| 98525126 | teratogens | agents, such as chemicals and viruses, that can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm | |
| 98525127 | fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) | physical and cognitive abnormalities in children caused by a pregnant woman's heavy drinking | |
| 98525128 | rooting reflex | a baby's tendency, when touched on the cheek, to turn toward the touch, open the mouth, and search for the nipple | |
| 98525129 | habituation | decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation; as infants gain familiarity with repeated exposure to a visual stimulus, their interest wanes and they look away sooner | |
| 98525130 | maturation | biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behaviour, relatively uninfluenced by experience | |
| 98525131 | schema | a concept or framework that organizes and interprets information | |
| 98525132 | assimulation | interpreting one's new experience in terms of one's existing schemas | |
| 98525133 | accomodation | adapting one's current understandings (schemas) to incorporate new information | |
| 98525134 | cognition | all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating | |
| 98525135 | sensorimotor stage | in Piaget's theory, the stage (from birth to about 2 years of age) during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities | |
| 98525136 | object permanence | the awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived | |
| 98525137 | preoperational stage | in Piaget's theory, the stage (from about 2 to 6 or 7 years of age) during which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic | |
| 98525138 | conservation | the principle (which Piaget believed to be a part of concrete operational reasoning) that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects | |
| 98525139 | egocentrism | in Piaget's theory, the preoperational child's difficulty taking another's point of view | |
| 98525140 | theory of mind | people's ideas about their own and others' mental states - about their feelings, perceptions, and thoughts and the behaviours these might predict | |
| 98525141 | autism | a disorder that appears in childhood and is marked by deficient communication, social interaction, and understanding of others' states of mind | |
| 98525142 | concrete operational stage | in Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development (from about 6 or 7 to 11 years of age) during which children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events | |
| 98525143 | formal operational stage | in Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development (normally beginning about age 12) during which people being to think logically about abstract concepts | |
| 98525144 | stranger anxiety | the fear of strangers that infants commonly display, beginning about 8 months of age | |
| 98525145 | attachment | an emotional tie with another person; shown in young children by their seeking closeness to the caregiver and showing distress on separation | |
| 98525146 | critical period | an optimal period shortly after birth when an organism's exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces proper development | |
| 98525147 | imprinting | the process by which certain animals form attachments during a critical period very early in life | |
| 98525148 | basic trust | according to Erik Erikson, a sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy; said to be formed during infancy by appropriate experiences with responsive caregivers | |
| 98525149 | self-concept | a sense of one's identity and personal worth | |
| 98525150 | adolescence | the transition period from childhood to adulthood, extending from puberty to independence | |
| 98525151 | puberty | the period of sexual maturation, during which a person becomes capable of reproducing | |
| 98525152 | primary sex characteristics | the body structures (ovaries, testes, and external genitalia) that make sexual reproduction possible | |
| 98525153 | secondary sex characteristics | nonreproductive sexual characteristics, such as female breasts and hips, male voice quality, and body hair | |
| 98525154 | menarche | the first menstrual period | |
| 98525155 | identity | one's sense of self; according to Erikson, the adolescent's task is to solidify a sense of self by testing and integrating various roles | |
| 98525156 | intimacy | in Erikson's theory, the ability to form close, loving relationships; a primary developmental task in late adolescence and early adulthood | |
| 98525157 | menopause | the time of natural cessation of menstruation | |
| 98525158 | Alzheimer's disease | a progressive and irreversible brain disorder characterized by gradual deterioration of memory, reasoning, language, and, finally, physical functioning | |
| 98525159 | cross-sectional study | a study in which people of different ages are compared with one another | |
| 98525160 | longitudinal study | research in which the same people are restudied and retested over a long period | |
| 98525161 | crystallized intelligence | one's accumulated knowledge and verbal skills;tends to increase with age | |
| 98525162 | fluid intelligence | one's ability to reason speedily and abstractly; tends to decrease late adulthood | |
| 98525163 | social clock | the culturally preferred timing of social events such as marriage, parenthood, and retirement | |
| 98525164 | Simon Baron-Cohen Theory of Autism | Autism is an extreme form of the "male brain. Boys are systemizers; Girls are empathasizers | |
| 98525165 | Mary Ainsworth | Examine attachment patterns using the Strange Situation Experiment. | |
| 98525166 | Secure attachment | Plays comfortably in mother's presence. Eagerly explores room when mother is near. When she leaves, baby becomes distressed When she returns, baby seeks contact with mother | |
| 98525167 | Anxious-Ambivalent attachment | Type of insecure attachment. Uncomfortable with stranger, even if mother is present. Upset when mother leaves. Resentful, but relieved when mother returns. | |
| 98525168 | Anxious-Avoidant attachment | Type of insecure attachment. Reacts the same to mother and stranger. May avoid mother completely. Avoids exploration. | |
| 98525169 | Lev Vygotsky | Sociocultural Theory of Cognitive Development. Cognitive processes (language, thought, reasoning) develop THROUGH social interaction. ZPD is the area that a child can learn with an enriched environment. | |
| 98525170 | Authoritarian | Parents impose rules and expect obedience. | |
| 98525171 | Authoritative | Parents are demanding but responsive to their children. Linked with social competence. | |
| 98525172 | Permissive | Parents submit to the demands of their children. | |
| 98525173 | Pruning | Unused neuronal connections are lost to make other pathways more efficient. This process first happens at seven months and later during adolescence. The process starts earlier for girls than boys. Last area developed-- Frontal lobes= mature emotional reasoning. | |
| 98525174 | Postconventional Morality | Affirms people's agreed-upon rights or follows personally perceived ethical principles | |
| 98525175 | Conventional Morality | By early adolescence social rules and laws are upheld for their own sake. | |
| 98525176 | Preconventional Morality | Before age 9, children show morality to avoid punishment or gain reward. | |
| 98525177 | social intuitionist theory | claims that moral feelings often comes before moral reasoning. Explains moral paradoxes, like the runaway trolley. |
