These are important terms to know about Digestion and the Digestive System.
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| 1474353142 | Digestion | The process by which food is broken into pieces so that it can be absorbed by the body's cells | 0 | |
| 1474353143 | Mouth/oral cavity | place of mechanical and chemical digestion; has saliva and teeth | 1 | |
| 1474353144 | Saliva | Thin mucus-like fluid coming from the salivary glands. Saliva has 2 major roles: 1. Mix with food, lubricating dry foods 2.Provide starch-splitting enzymes. | 2 | |
| 1474353145 | Teeth | Breaks food down into small pieces so it is easier for enzymes to penetrate | 3 | |
| 1474353146 | Enzyme | Protein that breaks polymers into monomers | 4 | |
| 1474353147 | Esophagus | Muscular tube about 10 inches long that connects the mouth to the stomach. | 5 | |
| 1474353148 | Peristalsis | wavelike action caused by the contraction and the relaxation of the muscles of the esophagus | 6 | |
| 1474353149 | Epiglottis | A small flap that covers the trachea, so the food does not go into the respiratory tract and lungs, instead the food goes down the esophagus. | 7 | |
| 1474353150 | Stomach | Located at the end of the esophagus. Churns and digests using pepsin and acids. Protective acid layer. | 8 | |
| 1474353151 | Cardiac Sphincter | The opening between the esophagus and the stomach that controls food entering the stomach and acids leaking out (heartburn) | 9 | |
| 1474353152 | Small intestine | LONG organ of digestion follows the stomach, before large intestine. Digests using enzymes (amylase, sucrase, lipase) absorbs via villi | 10 | |
| 1474353153 | Bile | 1.Made in liver/ Stored in the gallbladder/released into small intestine 3. emulsifies- breaking fat into small particles. | 11 | |
| 1474353154 | Large Intestine | Colon Absorbs vitamins and minerals. Water is absorbed Holds E.coli Stores solid waste (poop) | 12 | |
| 1474353155 | Feces | The material largely made up of dietary fiber and water that is excreted through the anus from the large intestines. (poop) | 13 | |
| 1474353156 | Place in order | 1. Food is chewed and mixes with saliva. 2. Food is swallowed and moves through the esophagus. 3. Food moves into the stomach. 4. Food is broken down into a liquid paste as it is mixed with acids 5. Food moves into the small intestine 6. Nutrients are absorbed into the blood 7.Undigested food moves into the large intestine 8. Water is removed from the undigested food 9.Undigested liquid food paste has turned into solid waste 10. Solid waste leaves body through the Anus. | 14 | |
| 1474418085 | Salivary glands | Glands of the mouth that produce saliva (water, mucus, amylase) | 15 | |
| 1474418086 | amylase | An enzyme found in saliva starts to breaks down starch into glucose (also made in pancreas) | 16 | |
| 1474418087 | pancreas | Produces sodium biocarbonate and digestive enzymes released into small intestine (amylase, trypsin); makes insulin to balance blood sugar. | 17 | |
| 1474418088 | Ingestion | Produces more digestive enzymes | 18 | |
| 1474418089 | Absorption | Pass of tiny pieces of food through the walls of the small intestine into the blood stream. Uses diffusion, active transport and villi | 19 | |
| 1474418090 | mechanical digestion | Chewing food in mouth, Churning food in stomach, physical breaking of food into smaller pieces | 20 | |
| 1474418091 | chemical digestion | using enzymes break food down (mouth, stomach, small intestine) | 21 | |
| 1474418092 | Liver | makes bile, stores glucose as glycogen, converts food waste into urea | 22 | |
| 1474418093 | gall bladder | stores bile | 23 | |
| 1474418094 | villi (villus singular) | folds inside small intestine which increases the surface area for absoprtion of food particles/monomers into blood | 24 | |
| 1474418095 | rectum | A short tube at the end of the large intestine where waste material is compressed into a solid form | 25 | |
| 1474418096 | anus | opening through which poop/feces leave the digestive tract | 26 | |
| 1474418097 | appendix | small vestigial organ in humans, attached to colon, can become infected with bacteria | 27 | |
| 1474418098 | calorie | amount of heat energy it takes to raise 1 gram of water by 1˚C | 28 | |
| 1474418099 | Kcal (kilocalorie) | Calorie (found on food packages) equals 1000 calories | 29 | |
| 1474418100 | pepsin | Stomach enzyme that digests polypeptides (proteins) | 30 | |
| 1474418101 | hydrochloric acid | HCl. Made by stomach gland. kills bacteria consumed & turns on pepsin. | 31 | |
| 1474812702 | sodium bicarbonate | chemical base that pancreas adds to the small intestine to neutralize the stomach acid | 32 |
