Unit D - Human Systems
Digestive System Chart:
Organ - Organ Function - Secretions - Secretion Function
~Mouth
- 1. Mechanical Digestion 2. Carbohydrate digestion via saliva.
- 1. Salivary amylase 2. Saliva
- 1. To break down starches 2. Lubricate food.
~Esophagus
- Peristalsis (contraction of esophagus muscles to move bolus into stomach)
~Stomach
- Stores food and both types of digestion occur.
- 1. Mucous 2. Hydrochloric acid 3. pepsinogen
- 1. Lubricate wall linings/ protect against acid. 2. Kills pathogens. 3. Enzymes that are activated to be pepsin; converts protein to long chains of polypeptides.
~Pancreas
- 1. Neutralizing stomach acid 2. Secrete digestive enzymes.
- 1. Bicarbonate Ions 2. 4 enzymes (trypsinogen -> trypsin, Erepsin, lipase, pancreatic amylase)
- 1. Neutralize acid 2. *1 break down polypeptide chains into shorter chains. 2* break down short polypeptide chains into individual amino acids. 3* breaks fat/lipids 4* breaks down carbohydrates.
~Small Intestine
- Duodenum: majority of digestion (C.D), Jejunum: majority of absorption. Ileum: absorbs vitamins and the rest.
- Same info as Liver and Pancreas.
~Liver
- 1. Creating bile 2. Breaks down blood cells 3. detoxify substances.
- Bile
- emulsify fat globules into smaller particles.
~Gall Bladder
- Stores bile.
- Bile -> release to small intestine (duodenum)
~Large Intestine
- Absorbs water.
~Anus/Rectum
- Stores/ Expels feces.
Terms : Hide Images
| 1452871839 | Small intestines | Most chemical digestion happens in the _____________ _____________. | 0 | |
| 1452871840 | 7m, 2.5cm | The small intestine is up to ______ long but only _____ in diameter. | 1 | |
| 1452871841 | Herbivores, plants | _____________ have longer intestine because _____________ are harder to digest. | 2 | |
| 1452871842 | Three parts | The small intestine is divided into ______ _______. | 3 | |
| 1452871843 | Duodenum | _____________: where the majority of digestion happens. Most digestive enzymes are found here. First. | 4 | |
| 1452871844 | Jejunum | _____________: where the majority of the absorption happens. Second. | 5 | |
| 1452871845 | Ileum | _____________: absorbs vitamins and anything that the jejunum did not absorb. Last. | 6 | |
| 1452871846 | Peristalsis | Enzymes are secreted into the small intesting and food is moved by _____________. | 7 | |
| 1452871847 | Villi | Small intestines are covered with _________ that increases the surface area for absorption up till 10x. | 8 | |
| 1452871848 | microvilli | Villi are lined with _____________ that increases the surface area of the stomach even more. | 9 | |
| 1452871849 | Capillary, lacteals. | Each villus is supplied with ___________ and ___________. | 10 | |
| 1452871850 | Capillaries | _____________: transport products of carbohydrates and protein digestion. | 11 | |
| 1452871851 | Monosaccharides, amino acids | The products of carbohydrate and protein digestion are _______________________ and _________ __________. | 12 | |
| 1452871852 | Lacteals | _____________: transport products of fat digestion. | 13 | |
| 1452871853 | Pancreas | The _____________ secrete basic solution to neutralize acids from stomach. | 14 | |
| 1452871854 | Pancreas | The _____________ secrete enzymes to digest food. | 15 | |
| 1452871855 | Prosecretin, Secretin | When HCl enters the duodenum from the stomach, a chemical called _____________ (inactive) is converted into _____________ (active) | 16 | |
| 1452871856 | Bicarbonate Ions | Secretin is absorbed into the blood stream, carried to the pancreas, and signal the release of ____________________ ______. (a base that raises pH from 2.5 to 9) | 17 | |
| 1452871857 | Trypsinogen, Erepsin, Pancreatic amylase, lipases. | The enzymes secreted into the duodenum include: _____________, ___________, _____________ _____________, and _____________. | 18 | |
| 1452871858 | Enterokinase | When trypsinogen reaches the small intestines, it is activated by ________________, and becomes _____________. | 19 | |
| 1452871859 | Trypsin | ________________ break down polypeptide chains into shorter chains. | 20 | |
| 1452871860 | Erepsin | ________________ break down short polypeptide chains into individual amino acids. (complete protein digestion) | 21 | |
| 1452871861 | Pancreatic Amylase | ________________ ________________ breaks down carbohydrates. | 22 | |
| 1452871862 | Lipases | ________________ breaks fat/lipids. | 23 | |
| 1452871863 | Bile | Liver produces a fluid called ____________. | 24 | |
| 1452871864 | Bile salt | Bile contains _______ _________ which aid in fat digestion. | 25 | |
| 1452871865 | Emulsify | Bile salt ________________ fat. Breaking it down into smaller droplets. (physically) | 26 | |
| 1452871866 | Gallbladder | Bile is stored in the ________________ when stomach is empty. | 27 | |
| 1452871867 | Cholecystokinin | When fat enters the small intestines, the hormone ______________________ is released. | 28 | |
| 1452871868 | signals, release | CCK is carried to the gallbladder by blood and it _____________ the gallbladder to ___________ bile salts. | 29 | |
| 1452871869 | Hemoglobin, erythrocytes, bile | Liver is responsible for breaking down ________________ from _____________ and the waste is mixed, stored, and released with _________ from the gallbladder into the small intestine. | 30 | |
| 1452871870 | Detoxify substances | The liver also ________________ ________________; making harmful chemicals into less harmful products. | 31 | |
| 1452871871 | glycogen, stores | Convert glucose into ________________ and vice versa. And ___________ it along with vitamins. | 32 | |
| 1452871872 | Gallstones | ________________ can be produced from the excess cholesterol that is found in bile salts. | 33 | |
| 1452871873 | Block, impair | _________ bile duct, __________ fat digestion and cause pain. | 34 | |
| 1452871874 | Jaundice | ________________ when the liver is breaking down hemoglobin in an accelerated rate. | 35 | |
| 1452871875 | Colon | Large intestine is also called the __________. | 36 | |
| 1452871876 | Water reabsorption, absorbed. | The large intestine is mainly used for ________ ____________________. But some salts, minerals and vitamins are also ________________. | 37 | |
| 1452871877 | E.coli | Large intestine houses ___________ which helps synthesize vitamin B and K. | 38 | |
| 1452871878 | Cellulose | ________________ reaches the large intestines undigested. Which provides bulk. | 39 | |
| 1452871879 | Nervous, Hormonal systems | Digestive system is controlled by ____________ and ________________ ________________. | 40 | |
| 1452871880 | Gastrin | Release of gastric juice is regulated by _____________. Produced when stomach wall stretches out. | 41 | |
| 1452871881 | Gastrin | _____________ signals stomach cells to release HCl and gastric juice. | 42 | |
| 1452871882 | Mouth | _____________: Mechanical Digestion 2. Carbohydrate digestion via saliva. | 43 | |
| 1452871883 | Esophagus | _____________: Peristalsis (contraction of esophagus muscles to move bolus into stomach) | 44 | |
| 1452871884 | Stomach | _____________: Stores food and both types of digestion occur. | 45 | |
| 1452871885 | Pancreas | _____________: Neutralizing stomach acid 2. Secrete digestive enzymes. | 46 | |
| 1452871886 | Small Intestine | _____________ _____________: Duodenum: majority of digestion (C.D) Jejunum: majority of absorption. Ileum: absorbs vitamins and the rest. | 47 | |
| 1452871887 | Liver | __________: -Creates bile, Breaks down blood cells and detoxify substances. | 48 | |
| 1452871888 | Gall Bladder | _________ _________________: - Stores bile. - Bile -> release to small intestine (duodenum) | 49 | |
| 1452871889 | Large Intestine | _____________ _____________: Absorbs water along with other very small substances. | 50 | |
| 1452871890 | Anus, Rectum | ___________/____________: Stores/ Expels feces | 51 |
