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| entire portion of Earth that is inhabited by life; sum of all the planet's communities & ecosystems | ||
| branch of biology concerned with naming & classifying the diverse forms of life | ||
| a system for giving each organism a two-word scientific name that consists of the genus name followed by the species name | ||
| group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring | ||
| a group of similar species | ||
| a taxonomic group containing one or more genera | ||
| groups of similar families | ||
| groups of similar orders | ||
| groups of similar classes | ||
| groups of similar phyla | ||
| bacteria that live under extreme conditions such as: high temperature(or acid), high salt content, and low oxygen | ||
| a unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus, and membrane bound organelles | ||
| A cell that contains a nucleus and membrane bound organelles | ||
| used to help place organisms into their appropriate groups by using 2 characteristics for each choice | ||
| the evolutionary history of an organism | ||
| structures of different organisms that are similar in form | ||
| reflect the geneologies of organisms. A diagram that traces evolutionary relationships as best they can be dtermined. | ||
| process by which individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully; also called survival of the fittest | ||
| Energy links between different organisms in an ecosystem based on feeding habits. | ||
| a feeding level in an ecosystem, or step in a food chain or food web | ||
| an organism that makes its own food | ||
| an organism that eats producers or other organisms for energy | ||
| an organism that produces its own nutrients from inorganic substances or from the environment instead of consuming other organisms | ||
| an organism that obtains organic food molecules by eating other organisms or their byproducts and that cannot synthesize organic compounds from inorganic materials | ||
| organism that breaks down and obtains energy from dead organic matter | ||
| network of complex interactions formed by the feeding relationships among the various organisms in an ecosystem | ||
| made up of small, single-celled prokaryotic organisms that usually have a cell wall and reproduce by binary fission | ||
| spherical bacteria | ||
| rod-shaped bacteria | ||
| spiral shaped bacteria | ||
| single | ||
| pairs | ||
| linear chains | ||
| clusters | ||
| use energy from sunlight to turn CO2 and H2O into food | ||
| obtain energy from inorganic chemicals | ||
| process that requires oxygen | ||
| oxygen is absolutely necessary for survival | ||
| die when exposed to oxygen | ||
| can grow either in the presence or absence of oxygen | ||
| a form of asexual reproduction in single-celled organisms by which one cell divides into two cells of the same size | ||
| the direct transfer of DNA between two cells that are temporarily joined through a pilus | ||
| The smalll, circular segments of DNA that are found in bacteria and that stay separate from the bacterial chromosomes; used in genetic engineering. | ||
| movement of genetic info between organisms, used for genetic engineering | ||
| structures produced by bacteria and formed to cope with harsh environmental conditions | ||
| Archaebacteria that live in anaerobic environments,use CO2, N2 and H2S as a source of energy and produce methane as a by-product of their metabolic process | ||
| Organisms that are found in conditions saline (salty) enough that most organisms cannot tolerate them. | ||
| live in extremely hot & acidic environments | ||
| package of nucleic acid wrapped in a protein coat(contains RNA or DNA) that must use a host cell's machinery to reproduce itself | ||
| Viral cycle in which the virus infects a cell, takes over its functions, reproduces itself, and then leaves the cell, destroying it. | ||
| Viral cycle in which the virus's genetic material becomes incorporated into the host cell's DNA and reproduces with the host cell. | ||
| virus that contains RNA as its genetic information | ||
| commercial application of living organisms or their products that involves direct manipulation of DNA molecules | ||
| an organism that contains genes from other organisms | ||
| diverse group of multicellular or unicellular eukaryotes that lack complex organ systems, and live in moist environments; may be autotrophic or heterotrophic | ||
| animal-like, heterotrophic protists | ||
| protozoa that have 1 or more flagella used to move through water | ||
| protozoa that have no set body shape, and create temporary projections called pseudopods to move & feed | ||
| protozoa covered with cilia that move back & forth like oars for movement & feeding through water | ||
| protozoa that produce spores during a sexual phase of reproduction (they are non-motile & parasitic) | ||
| most are decomposers that feed by endocytosis and like cool, damp habitats | ||
| have chlorophyll and may use photosynthesis to obtain their energy | ||
| a kingdom of eukaryotic organisms. They are heterotrophic and digest their food externally, absorbing nutrient molecules into their cells. Most are saprobes. | ||
| type of decomposer that feeds on decaying matter | ||
| branching, threadlike tubes that make up the bodies of multicellular fungi | ||
| interwoven mat of hyphae that functions as the feeding structure of a fungus | ||
| fungi that have spores in a case-like structure called sporangium | ||
| fungi that have spores in a sac-like structure | ||
| fungi that have spores form in a club-like structure | ||
| imperfect fungi reproduce only asexually | ||
| part of the life cycle of a plant that produces spores which develop into a new plant | ||
| part of the life cylce of a plant that produces gametes that fuse together to produce a diploid zygote | ||
| small segment branches or breaks off & grows into an identical plant | ||
| poorly developed roots, leaves & stems, usually grow in moist environments | ||
| Black-Brown material consisting of compressed layers of dead moss that grows in bogs. | ||
| contain xylem & phloem for transporting materials. Consists of 2 types; spore producing and seed producing. | ||
| vascular plants with no flowers or fruit; produce seeds in cones | ||
| A flowering plant, which forms seeds inside a protective chamber called an ovary. | ||
| sponges that are sessile having two cell layers. They are filter feeders with one opening. | ||
| soft bodies, carnivorous animals that have stinging tentacles arranged in circles around their mouth. They have radial symmetry and specilaizes tissues. | ||
| organisms that have bilateral symmetry, lack a circulatory system and the digestive system is a closed pouch with a single opening | ||
| roundworms that live as scavengers or parasites and have a protective cuticle covering their bodies. They lack a circulatory & respiratory system but have a digestive system with a separate mouth & anus. | ||
| segmented worms, cephalization; have a coelom, bilateral symmetry; complete digestive tract; some are hermaphroditic | ||
| individual that has both male and female reproductive organs | ||
| soft bodied organisms that have bilateral symmetry, a coelom with 2 body openings and most protect themselves with a hard external shell | ||
| a fluid filled body cavity that contains the internal organs of an animal | ||
| marine organisims that have radial symmetry and an endoskeleton | ||
| organisms with jointed legs, few body segments, an open circulatory system and a hard external cuticle made of chitin | ||
| blood cavity | ||
| organisms with bilateral symmetry; endoskeleton; dorsal hollow nerve cord; notochord; gill slits; 2 pairs of appendages, skull & larger brain |
