DNA Replication, Transcription and Translation Test- Ch. 12
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| 511800352 | Fredrick Griffith | Proved a process called transformation: genetic material from one cell can be transferred to another cell. | |
| 511800353 | Oswald Avery | Proved that DNA is the genetic material of bacteria. | |
| 511800317 | Helicase | "unzips" (splits) the two strands of DNA-protein synthesis | |
| 511800318 | Template | each strand serves as a ______for a new strand | |
| 511800319 | DNA Polymerase | adds one nucleotide at a time on the template-protein synthesis | |
| 511800320 | Nucleotide | DNA polymerase adds one _____ at a time on the template | |
| 511800321 | Complementary | the new strand created is ______to the backbone/template | |
| 511800323 | Transcription | DNA transfers to RNA in this process | |
| 511800324 | Translation | RNA transfers to protein in this process | |
| 511800325 | Nucleus | transcription takes place in the _______ | |
| 511800326 | RNA | the goal of transcription is to create _____ | |
| 511800327 | Helicase | unzips the DNA strands-transcription | |
| 511800328 | RNA Polymerase | adds one RNA nucleotide at a time- transcription | |
| 511800329 | RNA Nucleotide | RNA polymerase adds one ____ at a time-transcription | |
| 511800330 | Thymine (T) | RNA does not have _____-transcription | |
| 511800331 | Uracil (U) | Adenine (A) is complementary to _____-transcription | |
| 511800332 | Uracil | RNA has ______ (U)-transcription | |
| 511800333 | Single | RNA is a _____ strand-transcription | |
| 511800334 | Messenger RNA (mRNA) | the RNA strand is called_____-transcription | |
| 511800335 | Nuclear Pores | the mRNA strand leaves the nucleus through the ________-transcription | |
| 511800336 | Deoxyribonucleic Acid | DNA's full name | |
| 511800337 | Ribonucleic Acid | RNA's full name | |
| 511800338 | "-ase" | most enzymes end with this ending | |
| 511800339 | Cytoplasm | translation takes place in the ______ | |
| 511800340 | Protein | translation's goal is to make ______ | |
| 511800341 | mRNA | ribosome (rRNA) attaches to the ____ strand-translation | |
| 511800342 | 6 | ____ base pairs fit into ribosome at a time-translation | |
| 511800343 | mRNA | ____ is "read" 3 base pairs at a time-translation | |
| 511800344 | 3 | mRNA is "read ____ base pairs at a time-translation | |
| 511800345 | Codon | a group of 3 base pairs is known as a ______-translation | |
| 511800346 | tRNA | ____ molecules, 1 side=anticodon (compliment of the codon) 1 side= amino acid-translation | |
| 511800347 | Anticodon, Amino Acid | tRNA molecules: 1 side= ___ (compliment of the codon) 1 side=___ | |
| 511800348 | Polypeptide Chain | when the codon and anticodon match up, the amino acid is released to form a _________ | |
| 511800349 | Codon, Anticodon | when the ______ and ______ match up, the amino acid is released to form a polypeptide chain | |
| 511800350 | Protein | a polypeptide chain is also _____ | |
| 511800351 | Amino Acids | these are the building blocks of protein | |
| 511800354 | Alfred Hershey/ Martha Chase | Proved that DNA was the genetic material of viruses. DNA now thought to be the genetic material of many, if not all, organisms. | |
| 511800355 | Erwin Chargaff | Analyzed the base content of DNA and found that the amount of adenine equaled and amount of thymine and the amount of guanine equals the amount of cytosine. | |
| 511800356 | Rosalind Franklin | used x-rays to get pictures of DNA for studies. Found that it was a long fiber in the shape of a helix. | |
| 511800357 | James Watson/ Francis Crick | found structure of DNA-double-helix, used Franklin's x-ray work, won the Noble Prize. Constructed the final model of the DNA structure as a double helix with sugar-phosphate groups on the outside, and paired bases on the inside. | |
| 511800358 | Double-Helix | a twisted ladder is a representation of a ________ | |
| 511800359 | DNA | ______ is made up of nucleotides. | |
| 511800360 | Complementary Base Pairs | A&T pair, G&C pair are examples of ___________ | |
| 511800361 | Purines | A&G are _____, have two rings | |
| 511800362 | Pyramidines | T&C are _____, have only one ring | |
| 511800363 | Missense | changes 1 nucleotide (might or might not cause an amino acid difference) ex. sickle cell anemia | |
| 511800364 | Nonsense | changes a codon sequence to a stop (shortens the protein) ex. thalassenia | |
| 511800365 | Mistakes | Mutations are ______ in transcription | |
| 511800366 | DNA Replication | ___________ is the process of making two exact copies of a DNA molecule from one parent molecule. | |
| 511800367 | Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, and Cytosine | ________, ________, _______, and ________ are the four nitrogenous bases found in DNA. | |
| 511800368 | Thymine | Adenine pairs with __________. | |
| 511800369 | Cytosine | Guanine pairs with __________. | |
| 511800370 | Structure of DNA | DNA is like a ladder or spiral staircase. The outside is made of a sugar-phosphate backbone with alternating sugars and phosphates and the inside "steps" are the nitrogenous bases. | |
| 511800371 | Semiconservative | method of replication that implies that each new strand of DNA is half original and half new | |
| 511800372 | Unwinding, Complementary base pairing, and joining | _______, ______ ______ _______, and _______ are the basic steps of DNA replication. | |
| 511800373 | DNA polymerase Helicase DNA Ligase | Enzymes involved in DNA replication | |
| 511800374 | DNA polymerase | ________ adds new bases to the open strand of parental DNA. (DNA replication) | |
| 511800375 | Helicase | ________ unwinds the helix. (DNA replication) | |
| 511800376 | DNA ligase | ________ joins the new DNA strands, which are sometimes produced in segments, together. (DNA replication) |
