DNA Replication, Transcription and Translation Test- Ch. 12
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| 529618847 | Fredrick Griffith | Proved a process called transformation: genetic material from one cell can be transferred to another cell. | 0 | |
| 529618848 | Oswald Avery | Proved that DNA is the genetic material of bacteria. | 1 | |
| 529618849 | Helicase | "unzips" (splits) the two strands of DNA-protein synthesis | 2 | |
| 529618850 | Template | each strand serves as a ______for a new strand | 3 | |
| 529618851 | DNA Polymerase | adds one nucleotide at a time on the template-protein synthesis | 4 | |
| 529618852 | Nucleotide | DNA polymerase adds one _____ at a time on the template | 5 | |
| 529618853 | Complementary | the new strand created is ______to the backbone/template | 6 | |
| 529618854 | Transcription | DNA transfers to RNA in this process | 7 | |
| 529618855 | Translation | RNA transfers to protein in this process | 8 | |
| 529618856 | Nucleus | transcription takes place in the _______ | 9 | |
| 529618857 | RNA | the goal of transcription is to create _____ | 10 | |
| 529618858 | Helicase | unzips the DNA strands-transcription | 11 | |
| 529618859 | RNA Polymerase | adds one RNA nucleotide at a time- transcription | 12 | |
| 529618860 | RNA Nucleotide | RNA polymerase adds one ____ at a time-transcription | 13 | |
| 529618861 | Thymine (T) | RNA does not have _____-transcription | 14 | |
| 529618862 | Uracil (U) | Adenine (A) is complementary to _____-transcription | 15 | |
| 529618863 | Uracil | RNA has ______ (U)-transcription | 16 | |
| 529618864 | Single | RNA is a _____ strand-transcription | 17 | |
| 529618865 | Messenger RNA (mRNA) | the RNA strand is called_____-transcription | 18 | |
| 529618866 | Nuclear Pores | the mRNA strand leaves the nucleus through the ________-transcription | 19 | |
| 529618867 | Deoxyribonucleic Acid | DNA's full name | 20 | |
| 529618868 | Ribonucleic Acid | RNA's full name | 21 | |
| 529618869 | "-ase" | most enzymes end with this ending | 22 | |
| 529618870 | Cytoplasm | translation takes place in the ______ | 23 | |
| 529618871 | Protein | translation's goal is to make ______ | 24 | |
| 529618872 | mRNA | ribosome (rRNA) attaches to the ____ strand-translation | 25 | |
| 529618873 | 6 | ____ base pairs fit into ribosome at a time-translation | 26 | |
| 529618874 | mRNA | ____ is "read" 3 base pairs at a time-translation | 27 | |
| 529618875 | 3 | mRNA is "read ____ base pairs at a time-translation | 28 | |
| 529618876 | Codon | a group of 3 base pairs is known as a ______-translation | 29 | |
| 529618877 | tRNA | ____ molecules, 1 side=anticodon (compliment of the codon) 1 side= amino acid-translation | 30 | |
| 529618878 | Anticodon, Amino Acid | tRNA molecules: 1 side= ___ (compliment of the codon) 1 side=___ | 31 | |
| 529618879 | Polypeptide Chain | when the codon and anticodon match up, the amino acid is released to form a _________ | 32 | |
| 529618880 | Codon, Anticodon | when the ______ and ______ match up, the amino acid is released to form a polypeptide chain | 33 | |
| 529618881 | Protein | a polypeptide chain is also _____ | 34 | |
| 529618882 | Amino Acids | these are the building blocks of protein | 35 | |
| 529618883 | Alfred Hershey/ Martha Chase | Proved that DNA was the genetic material of viruses. DNA now thought to be the genetic material of many, if not all, organisms. | 36 | |
| 529618884 | Erwin Chargaff | Analyzed the base content of DNA and found that the amount of adenine equaled and amount of thymine and the amount of guanine equals the amount of cytosine. | 37 | |
| 529618885 | Rosalind Franklin | used x-rays to get pictures of DNA for studies. Found that it was a long fiber in the shape of a helix. | 38 | |
| 529618886 | James Watson/ Francis Crick | found structure of DNA-double-helix, used Franklin's x-ray work, won the Noble Prize. Constructed the final model of the DNA structure as a double helix with sugar-phosphate groups on the outside, and paired bases on the inside. | 39 | |
| 529618887 | Double-Helix | a twisted ladder is a representation of a ________ | 40 | |
| 529618888 | DNA | ______ is made up of nucleotides. | 41 | |
| 529618889 | Complementary Base Pairs | A&T pair, G&C pair are examples of ___________ | 42 | |
| 529618890 | Purines | A&G are _____, have two rings | 43 | |
| 529618891 | Pyramidines | T&C are _____, have only one ring | 44 | |
| 529618892 | Missense | changes 1 nucleotide (might or might not cause an amino acid difference) ex. sickle cell anemia | 45 | |
| 529618893 | Nonsense | changes a codon sequence to a stop (shortens the protein) ex. thalassenia | 46 | |
| 529618894 | Mistakes | Mutations are ______ in transcription | 47 | |
| 529618895 | DNA Replication | ___________ is the process of making two exact copies of a DNA molecule from one parent molecule. | 48 | |
| 529618896 | Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, and Cytosine | ________, ________, _______, and ________ are the four nitrogenous bases found in DNA. | 49 | |
| 529618897 | Thymine | Adenine pairs with __________. | 50 | |
| 529618898 | Cytosine | Guanine pairs with __________. | 51 | |
| 529618899 | Structure of DNA | DNA is like a ladder or spiral staircase. The outside is made of a sugar-phosphate backbone with alternating sugars and phosphates and the inside "steps" are the nitrogenous bases. | 52 | |
| 529618900 | Semiconservative | method of replication that implies that each new strand of DNA is half original and half new | 53 | |
| 529618901 | Unwinding, Complementary base pairing, and joining | _______, ______ ______ _______, and _______ are the basic steps of DNA replication. | 54 | |
| 529618902 | DNA polymerase Helicase DNA Ligase | Enzymes involved in DNA replication | 55 | |
| 529618903 | DNA polymerase | ________ adds new bases to the open strand of parental DNA. (DNA replication) | 56 | |
| 529618904 | Helicase | ________ unwinds the helix. (DNA replication) | 57 | |
| 529618905 | DNA ligase | ________ joins the new DNA strands, which are sometimes produced in segments, together. (DNA replication) | 58 |
