review material, concepts, and vocabulary on the central dogma theory of molecular biology, dna synthesis and repair
Terms : Hide Images
| 100998772 | exons | expressed sequence of DNA; codes for a protein | 0 | |
| 100998773 | introns | sequence of DNA that is not involved in coding for a protein | 1 | |
| 100998774 | RNA splicing | process by which the introns are removed from RNA transcripts and the remaining exons are joined together | 2 | |
| 100998775 | template strand | The DNA strand that provides the template for ordering the sequence of nucleotides in an RNA transcript. | 3 | |
| 100998776 | coding strand | the strand of DNA that is not used for transcription and is identical in sequence to mRNA, except it contains uracil instead of thymine | 4 | |
| 100998777 | TATA box | A DNA sequence in eukaryotic promoters crucial in forming the transcription initiation complex | 5 | |
| 100998778 | primary transcript | An initial RNA transcript; also called pre-mRNA when transcribed from a protein-coding gene. | 6 | |
| 100998779 | spliceosome | A complex assembly that interacts with the ends of an RNA intron in splicing RNA, releasing the intron and joining the two adjacent exons. | 7 | |
| 100998780 | RNA Polymerase | an enzyme that pries the 2 strands of DNA apart and hooks together the RNA nucleotides as they base pair along the DNA template | 8 | |
| 100998781 | mRNA | type of RNA that carries instructions from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome | 9 | |
| 100998782 | tRNA | short-chain RNA molecules present in the cell (in at least 20 varieties, each variety capable of combining with a specific amino acid) that attach the correct amino acid to the protein chain that is being synthesized at the ribosome of the cell (according | 10 | |
| 100998783 | rRNA | The most abundant type of RNA, which together with proteins froms the structure of ribosomes. | 11 | |
| 100998784 | transcription | the organic process whereby the DNA sequence in a gene is copied into mRNA | 12 | |
| 100998785 | translation | the process whereby genetic information coded in messenger RNA directs the formation of a specific protein at a ribosome in the cytoplasm | 13 | |
| 100998786 | AUG | Start Codon | 14 | |
| 100998787 | End Codon | uaa uag uga | 15 | |
| 100998788 | codon | a specific sequence of three adjacent bases on a strand of DNA or RNA that provides genetic code information for a particular amino acid | 16 | |
| 100998789 | mutation | permanent change in an organism's DNA. it is a modification in a cell's information archive (change in its genotype). this creates new alleles. | 17 | |
| 100998790 | promoters | Region of DNA that indicates to an enzyme where to bind to make RNA | 18 | |
| 100998791 | core enzyme | enzyme that contains the active site for catalysis and other required proteins | 19 | |
| 100998792 | basal transcription factors | General term or proteins, present in all cell types, that bind to eukaryotic promoters and help initiate transcription | 20 | |
| 100998793 | poly(A) tail | After an mRNA is transcribed from a gene, the cell adds a stretch of adenine nucleotides (typically 100-250) to its 3' end. | 21 | |
| 100998794 | translocation | process in which mRNA is ratcheted through the ribosome by elongation factors. The tRNA attached to the polypeptide chain moves into the P site. A site empty. | 22 |
